Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]最新文献

{"title":"Az első magyar női ügyvéd • The First Hungarian Female Lawyer","authors":"Tibor Bóka, Zsolt Bóka","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.10","url":null,"abstract":"The study commemorates the first female lawyer to graduate in Hungary, and we present her life path. Since Margit Ungár’s life story is almost unknown, it is timely and appropriate that her person and activities come to the fore again from the obscurity of oblivion. The central topic is explained using primary sources, which help to explain the stages of the life path having been only partially explored so far, in more detail and to make it easier to under-914","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41620242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olga Kennard (sz. Weisz Olga) 1924−2023","authors":"Mónika Hargittai, M. Hargittai, István Hargittai","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44786456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Az élettartamot meghatározó exogén és endogén tényezők • Exogenous and Endogenous Factors Determining Lifespan","authors":"T. Halmos, I. Suba","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.7","url":null,"abstract":"Man is ‘condemned to die’ from the moment of his birth and must live with this fact. Life expectancy is influenced aspecifically by exogenous factors (natural disasters, wars, epidemics, accidents, social circumstances, criminal events, etc.), while endogenous factors (genetically en-coded within the organism) determine it. Ageing is characterised by a gradual loss of physiological integrity leading to deterioration of function and death. The literature identifies (1) genomic instability, (2) telomere loss, (3) mitochondrial dysfunction, (4) epigenetic alterations, (5) loss of proteostasis, (6) unregulated nutrient sensing, reduced autophagy, (7) cellular senescence, (8) stem cell exhaustion, and (9) altered intercellular communication as hallmarks of ageing. These ageing-related changes are associated with late-onset diseases such as neurodegenera-tive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. A less well known area of mitochondrial dysfunction is fibrosis in certain parenchymal organs. All these pathologies have a significant impact on life expectancy and quality of life. A central aim of research is to develop strategies to reduce age-related disease and vulnerability, reduce frailty, and improve quality of life in old age. In addition to genetic predisposition, lifestyle is a key player in achiev-ing long, healthy life expectancy. Among the possible interventions, calorie restriction (‘quality starvation’), regular exercise, and weight normalisation appear to be the most effective. Certain agents increase or pre-regulate autophagic activity and have been shown to be effective geroprotectors. The mTOR rapamycin system plays a key role in nutrient sensing. The target of rapamycin’s action is mTOR, whose inhibition mediates the effect of calorie restriction. Sirtuins modulate cell protective mechanisms such as defence against oxidative stress, DNA repair, en-ergy utilization, and autophagy. Metformin is a known antidiabetic drug, with recent focus on its potential use in prolonging healthy life span. Ageing is a natural physiological process of the body. It is the responsibility of the individual to pursue a healthy old age with dignity through lifestyle, and it is the responsibility of the health government of every country to support the longest possible healthy life span for all its citizens.","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bevezető • Introduction","authors":"László Kovács, Judit Gárdos, Péter Kacsuk","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41289026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Petőfi-kutatás hagyományai és távlatai • Researching Petőfi’s Oeuvre: Traditions and Perspectives","authors":"Márton Szilágyi","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.6","url":null,"abstract":"My paper reviews the literary-historical researches on the oeuvre of Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849), one of the most significant poets of 19 th -century Hungarian literature, from the aspect of the historiographical reasons that justify the central role of his oeuvre in the general tradition of Hungarian literary history. The research on Petőfi’s oeuvre is distinguished by its unique position in relation to the studies of other classical literary oeuvres, due to the diversity of material, cov-erage and perspectives. Since the end of the 19 th century, his works has been the object of three annotated critical editions, each of which has been or is being produced","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45022639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Szende Katalin, Uhrin Dorottya, Vadas András (szerkesztők): A történelem asztalánál. Kulináris kalandozások Nagy Balázs 60. születésnapjára","authors":"István Kiss Farkas, Gábor Kiss Farkas","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47396463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Az emberi jövő kulcsa a múltban: őshonos ökológiai tudás az Amazonas-medence átalakuló indián társadalmaiban • The Key to Human Future in the Past: Ancestral Ecological Knowledge in the Changing Indigenous Societies of the Amazon Basin","authors":"Attila Lenti","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.8","url":null,"abstract":"The economy and societies of the Amazon basin have undergone many major changes in the centuries since the Spanish conquest. The development concepts and attempts at modernisation of the countries of the region have permanently transformed the relationship between people and environment, marginalising ancestral indigenous cultures, destroying their natural habitat, and causing the disappearance of many languages and important ecological knowledge. The paper reviews the impacts on ecosystems and society of the main economic and demographic processes generated by external development ideas, and then the history and stages of the contact of Amazonian indigenous communities and their associated biocultural landscapes with the Western world, driven primarily by resource exploitation. Finally, we will","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42530049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Csákó Mihály Karády Viktorról és a francia egyetempolitikáról • Mihály Csákó on Viktor Karády and French University Policy","authors":"Péter Nagy, T. Nagy","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.9","url":null,"abstract":"Although the French academic orientation was very important in the reorganization of Hungarian sociology in the 1960s, in the last half century empirical sociology—where Mihály Csákó (1941–2019) certainly classified himself—has become clearly American-oriented. Throughout his career as a sociologist, Mihály Csákó, whose legacy—for a variety of reasons—has become our","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Az ELKH Adatrepozitórium Platform projekt a kutatási adattárolás és megosztás országos föderált rendszere • The ELKH ARP Research Data Repository Project, National Federated Repository Network for Sharing Research Data","authors":"L. Kovács","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.3","url":null,"abstract":"ELKH ARP Research Data Repository project aims to establish a central data repository system supporting the whole ELKH research network, providing research data repository and related, integrated data- and metadata-management services. The mission of the ARP project is twofold: it designs and establishes the central system components and the network services of a national federated research data repository network and on the other hand creates the federated mechanisms and system components that enable to organize the existing and future research data repositories of ELKH into a single, uniform national network system. The system will also centrally provide research data repository services to the institutions and/or disciplines, research teams that cannot or will not establish and manage their own research data repository, filling an important gap by doing so. In the article we introduce the goals set by the project, the logical architecture of the system to be built, the functions and interoperability mechanisms of the system components, and the way the system facilitates the implementation of the FAIR principles in the process of managing national research data. The ELKH ARP system will support the introduction and widespread use of RO – Research Object, that enables the new, FAIR-sensitive level of research data management in Hungary. To achieve this, RO-Crate, the actual software implementation of the concept of RO, is fully sup-ported within the system. The RO infrastructure that is to meet the requirements to apply RO-Crate technology in Hungary forms an integral part of the federated research data repository network (storage and other) services. The ELKH ARP repository network federated mechanisms, integrated data management methods (protocols and policies) will ensure, in the course of further development of the system, the interoperability between the components on data transfer, semantic, institutional, and operational levels in the long term. Kulcsszavak","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47919518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tudományos folyóiratok, kiadók open data kutatásiadat-elvárásai • Open Data Requirements of Scientific Journals and Publishers","authors":"Anikó Kutnyánszky, G. Szabó, Adrienn Tomcsik, Ilona Verle","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.5","url":null,"abstract":"Within the ELKH ARP, we conducted a non-representative survey on the data management policies of the journals preferred by ELKH researchers. Neither the disciplines nor the publishers’ own practices show uniformity in the management of scientific data published in their journals. Al-though the long-established publishers try to follow FAIR principles, there is no uniform policy yet","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44751634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}