Australian Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Awn length variation in Australia’s most widespread grass, Themeda triandra, across its distribution","authors":"Annette M. Cavanagh, R. Godfree, John W. Morgan","doi":"10.1071/bt23083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23083","url":null,"abstract":"Themeda triandra (kangaroo grass) is the most widespread plant species in Australia. Using herbarium specimens, we quantified awn-length variation across its distribution in relation to climate. We found that awn lengths were shortest around the eastern and southern coast of Australia (with short awns also concentrated in the Pilbara), increasing in length progressively inland and towards the north. There was a significant positive relationship between awn length and mean annual temperature. Further research is needed to understand why awn lengths vary, and how awn-length variation affects seed and seedling fitness in natural habitats.","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The leaf micromorphology and anatomy of gamba grass, Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae: Panicoideae)","authors":"J. Farr, S. Krisantini, Melodina D. Fabillo","doi":"10.1071/bt23104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23104","url":null,"abstract":"Context Andropogon gayanus, commonly known as gamba grass, is one of the declared weeds of national significance in Australia. Past studies have focused on gross morphology of root structures, biogeochemical behaviour, and ecology, but there has been limited work on comparative descriptions of leaf micromorphology and anatomy. Aims We investigated and described its leaf micromorphology and anatomy to understand weed biology and ecophysiology. Methods Optical and scanning electron microscope examination of the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of A. gayanus was carried out. We identified and generated a list of morphological characters that were used to compare several dried herbarium specimens of A. gayanus. Key results The leaf characters were consistent across all specimens examined, with minor differences in leaf pubescence, indicating this could be a plastic trait. Conclusions Andropogon gayanus leaves are well adapted to wet and dry tropical conditions. Plasticity in leaf surface pubescence possibly enhances its adaptability, increasing its success as a weed in Australian ecosystems. The success of A. gayanus in Australia could be because the environment compares favourably with the native environment of the species in Africa, where it has adapted to extremes of wet and dry conditions over a large geographical range. Implications Plant morphological and taxonomic studies of A. gayanus focused on describing characters of spikelets and caryopses are recommended to understand how reproductive structures aid in its successful proliferation.","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extra-stigmatic pollen germination and pistil elongation: a novel strategy towards reproductive assurance in Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia","authors":"Sajid Khan, Susheel Verma","doi":"10.1071/bt22062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt22062","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>Reproductive success in dioecious plant species may be limited by severe pollen limitation owing to their separate sexes and pollination barriers.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p><i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> subsp. <i>angustifolia</i> (Jacq.) (Sapindaceae) is a dioecious and wind-pollinated species that has a long flowering period. This study sought to determine the relationship between its reproductive behaviour and pollen availability during different flowering phases.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>Extra-stigmatic pollen germination and reproductive performance during different phases of flowering were investigated and correlated with pistil elongation under natural conditions.</p><strong> Results</strong><p>The species offers whole stigmatic and stylar surfaces for pollen to land and germinate under natural conditions. During pollen-limiting conditions, the length of the pistil increases significantly to enhance pollen capture. Depending on where on the pistil pollen lands, the timing of pollen tube arrival at the ovary varies.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p><i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> subsp. <i>angustifolia</i> is the first reported wild species in the Sapindaceae where pistil elongation is regulated by pollination conditions and extra-stigmatic pollen germination ensures reproduction during phases of differing pollen availability. Our results indicated that the flexibility of female function and reproductive behaviour in <i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> subsp. <i>angustifolia</i> adds to the evolutionary possibilities to overcome pollination constraints.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>This unique strategy for increasing female fitness through pollen presentation in <i>D. viscosa</i> subsp. <i>angustifolia</i> could be explored in other subspecies of <i>D. viscosa</i> on the Australian subcontinent.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myrtaceae anther glands: morphology, anatomy and variation in glandular contents","authors":"P. G. Ladd","doi":"10.1071/bt23073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23073","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>Most tissues of Myrtaceae plants have oil glands. The anthers of many species have an oil-containing apical gland that is larger than those in other tissues of the plant.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>Representative species in the family were examined for the diversity of gland form and their oil contents.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>Representative anthers were sectioned for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study and anthers from selected species were analysed for oil content.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>The most common gland form is globular and narrowly attached to the apex of the connective, but in members of certain tribes, the gland is completely enclosed in the connective. The greatest morphological diversity is in the Chamelaucieae. Anther glands vary from plesiomorphic globular forms to glands that are larger than the anther thecae and almost completely fill the connective.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p>There are three possible functions for the glands, including the following: (1) protecting the anthers from herbivores, (2) mixing with the pollen to aid adhesion to stylar hairs on many Chamelaucineae, and (3) rewarding pollinators that use the oil–pollen mixture as food.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>It is generally considered that the oils in various tissues of the Myrtaceae deter herbivores. In Myrtaceae with abundant anthers, the glands could deter flower visitors from consuming the anthers. Gland oil of the <i>Eucalyptus</i> and <i>Leptospermum</i> species examined contained α pinene as did the leaves of all species examined. The gland oil composition in <i>Chamelaucium uncinatum</i> and <i>Verticordia grandis</i> that have pollen presenters was different from that in the leaves and also different from that in the anthers of the two <i>Verticordia</i> species where bees collect the pollen–oil mixture for food.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual, human-mediated prevalence of epiphytes in semi-arid New South Wales, Australia","authors":"J. L. Silcock, J. Pye, A. Tighe, P. Reid-Loynes, R. Ashby, R. J. Fairfax","doi":"10.1071/bt23053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23053","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>Epiphytes are typically associated with wet forests and are seldom documented in drylands. This absence is presumed to reflect moisture limitations to their establishment and survival.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>In response to a large body of epiphyte observations made by a pastoralist in collaboration with local Indigenous people, we investigated and documented an unusually high concentration of woody epiphytes from semi-arid eastern Australia and describe this in relation to ecological and cultural factors.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>We searched for, recorded and measured epiphytic trees and shrubs in semi-arid eucalypt woodlands of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. Factors influencing their distribution were examined.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>Eucalypts growing along the Barwon River palaeochannels host 21 species of shrubs and trees. Over 95% of the 712 woody epiphytes documented were alive, and some appeared decades old; 70% were growing in trees that had been modified by humans, and at least half of the host sites were directly anthropogenically created. Epiphytes are widely, but typically sparsely, distributed in other semi-arid eucalypt woodlands, with a further 311 found during regional surveys.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p>The large trees of the Barwon palaeochannels, their extensive human modification to create favourable sites for epiphyte establishment, and the diversity of understorey shrubs providing a propagule source have combined to create this epiphyte-rich woodland. Their association with Culturally Modified Trees and the relatively low density of epiphytes elsewhere suggest that Aboriginal people have played a direct role in creating this landscape, to which they remain deeply connected.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>Epiphytes may be more widespread in drylands than previously recognised. We hope that this study stimulates further research on their distribution, characteristics, and ecological and cultural associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Phytophthora dieback on a key heathland species Xanthorrhoea australis (Asphodelaceae) (austral grasstree) and floristic composition in the eastern Otways, Victoria","authors":"B. A. Wilson, S. P. Casey, M. J. Garkaklis, C. Learmonth, T. Wevill","doi":"10.1071/bt23076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23076","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>The plant pathogen <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> causes severe declines in susceptible vegetation, including loss of plant species, vegetation structure and fauna abundance. Grasstrees (<i>Xanthorrhoea</i> spp.) are keystone species that provide optimal habitat for vertebrates and invertebrates and are highly susceptible to the pathogen. Although effects in the Otway Ranges have been assessed at specific sites, there is less knowledge across the landscape on the extent of loss of <i>Xanthorrhoea australis</i> (austral grasstree).</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>The aims were thus to assess impacts at three Heathy Woodland sites and to determine the magnitude of loss of <i>X. australis</i> and susceptible species losses.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>Floristic composition, species cover or abundance, and basal area of <i>X. australis</i> were recorded in quadrats within treatments (uninfested, infested, post-infested vegetation). Analyses included floristics (PRIMER v7), significant effects (ANOSIM), species contribution to similarity/dissimilarity (SIMPER). Species richness and susceptible species cover were analysed using two-way crossed ANOVAs to detect the influence of site, treatment, and interactions.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>Species composition of uninfested vegetation was significantly different to infested and post-infested vegetation, with susceptible species more abundant in uninfested areas. Post-infested vegetation had the lowest percentage cover of susceptible species. The mean percentage cover of <i>X. australis</i> in uninfested vegetation (43%) was 10-fold greater than in infested areas (4.3%) and extremely low in post-infested vegetation (0.9%).</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p>Susceptible species were subject to density declines and extirpation, and the loss of <i>X. australis</i> resulted in major structural vegetation changes.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>These results have severe implications for heathy woodland communities and reliant fauna. Limiting the spread of <i>P. cinnamomi</i> and protecting grasstrees is critical for their security.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-unburnt stands of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng) are exceedingly rare in the Victorian Alps: implications for their conservation and management","authors":"John W. Morgan, Michael Shackleton, Zac C. Walker","doi":"10.1071/bt23068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nature of Australia’s high mountains is changing. Recent, repeated landscape-scale fires have burnt much of the subalpine forests dominated by snow gum (<i>Eucalyptus pauciflora</i>). Long-unburnt snow gum forests are important for ecosystem services, have socio-cultural benefits, and conservation values, but they are now exceedingly rare, comprising &lt;1% of snow gum forests in the Victorian Alps. We identify where long-unburnt snow gum stands persist in the Victorian Alps and outline why management intervention is necessary to protect unburnt refuges and, more broadly, to allow mature/adult stands (such as occur on the Baw Baw Plateau) to develop into future old forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll–rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales","authors":"Andrew Benwell","doi":"10.1071/bt23049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23049","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>Species fire responses were investigated in a mixed sclerophyll–rainforest ecosystem in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>To examine rates of seedling recruitment and resprouting in functional and phytogeographic components of wet sclerophyll forest (WSRf), and adjacent open forest (OF) and rock outcrop shrubland (RO).</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>Species resprouting and seedling recruitment traits (fire responses) were recorded in 45 stem plots and 225 seedling subplots in WSRf, OF and RO. Species fire responses were classified, community fire-response spectra compiled and rates of seedling recruitment and resprouting in WSRf examined in relation to primary fire response, growth-form, habitat and broad functional and phytogeographic species groupings. Species size-regenerative class distribution was used to analyse population structure, fire impact, regeneration and recruitment in resprouter species that comprised most of the mesic-Gondwanan element of the WSRf flora.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>WSRf, OF and RO habitats had distinctively different fire-response spectra. In WSRf, there was a high proportion of mesophyll resprouter species of Gondwanan origin with nil or very low seedling recruitment, a distinct component of mesophyll seeders of Indo-Malayan origin, as well as sclerophyll seeders and resprouters that also comprised most of the OF and RO floras. Resprouters comprised 75% of the WSRf flora, 50% OF and 10% pavement shrubland. Continuous size-class distributions indicated recruitment between fire events in the majority of mesophyll resprouters in WSRf. Lower total seedling density appeared to reflect inherent species traits and less canopy disturbance by fire. Large sclerophyll species forming the unburnt canopy of WSRf had very low seedling recruitment.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p>Different habitats (WSRf, OF and RO) and functional and phytogeographic clades in WSRf display distinctive patterns of resprouting and seedling-recruitment fire response. Fire responses of species that maintain species population and community composition are governed by fire regime, habitat variables and inherent species traits.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>The distinctive fire-response spectrum of WSRf appears to be a direct consequence of the overlap of ‘new’ and ‘old’ floras in this broad vegetation type.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell wall epitope distribution in the functional compartments of galls induced by Palaeomystella oligophaga (Lepidoptera) in Macairea radula (Melastomataceae)","authors":"Patrícia Dias Santos, Gracielle Pereira Pimenta Bragança, Vinícius Coelho Kuster, Diego Ismael Rocha, Denis Coelho de Oliveira","doi":"10.1071/bt23064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23064","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>The parasitic interaction between the galling insect <i>Palaeomystella oligophaga</i> (Lepidoptera) and the host plant tissues of <i>Macairea radula</i> (Melastomataceae) leads to the formation of globoid galls. These galls have storage and typical nutritive tissues (outer and inner compartments, respectively), whose functions may be related to differential cell wall component distributions and to the stage of development of the gall inducer.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>We evaluated whether the cell wall composition of the gall compartments (storage and nutritive tissues) changes according to the developmental stage of the gall inducer <i>P. oligophaga</i>.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>The galls occupied by the gall inducer in different stages of development (i.e. larval and pupal stages, as well as empty galls) were collected and submitted to histological examination, immunocytochemical analyses using monoclonal antibodies for pectins, hemicelluloses, and glycoproteins, and histochemical analyses using phloroglucinol for lignins.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>The histological results showed that nutritive tissues have smaller cells compared with storage ones when the galling insect is in the larval stage. Immunocytochemical analyses also showed the occurrence of both methyl-esterified and unesterified pectins, as well hemicelluloses in the nutritive tissue during the larval stage. The dynamic of some cell wall components changes when the gall inducer is in the pupal stage, or the galls are empty.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p>The changes in the composition of the cell walls, especially regarding homogalacturonans and xyloglucans, support the high metabolism and resource availability in cell walls of nutritive tissue for the gall inducer.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>The cell wall composition may indicate important metabolic steps during gall formation and galling insect diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From mallees to mountain ash, specific leaf area is coordinated with eucalypt tree stature, resprouting, stem construction, and fruit size","authors":"Antoinette M. Portelli, Saras M. Windecker, Laura J. Pollock, Will C. Neal, William K. Morris, Rohan Khot, Peter A. Vesk","doi":"10.1071/bt23028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/bt23028","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Context</strong><p>The radiation of eucalypts into almost every Australian environment offers valuable insights to plant ecological strategies.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>We aimed to assess the degree to which functional traits across different organs are independent or reflect coordinated strategies in southern eucalypts.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>We applied ordinary and phylogenetic generalised least squares regressions to 164 southern Australian taxa, examining the network of pairwise relationships between 10 functional traits representing aspects of stature, leaf economics, reproduction and post-fire regeneration. We examined coordination and modularity in this network and estimated how phylogeny affects observed trait correlations.</p><strong> Results</strong><p>Stem and stature traits were generally independent of reproductive traits, with Specific Leaf Area the most connected trait, being correlated with traits from all organs. Resprouting ability was also connected to several traits. Species able to resprout basally, but not epicormically, were on average shorter, stouter, with higher stem sapwood density, thinner bark, smaller leaves and lower Specific Leaf Area than those able to resprout using both methods. Taxa resembled their relatives; phylogenetic signal was significant for all continuous traits except Relative Height, ranging from Pagel’s Lambda <i>λ</i> = 0.37 (Relative Bark Thickness) to <i>λ</i> = 0.82 (Specific Leaf Area). Phylogenetic analyses showed weakened correlations for most (but not all) trait pairs. However, most moderate relationships on the trait correlation network also displayed correlated evolution.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p>Stature, stem, leaf and reproductive traits and fire response of eucalypts are somewhat coordinated, principally through leaf economics. Trait combinations that confer ecological competence on eucalypt taxa in present-day conditions are likely to have been similarly favoured throughout their evolutionary history.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>This supports theory of coordinated plant strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8607,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}