Australasian Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Using protoplast fusion to improve biocontrol ability of Fusarium oxysporum against Egyptian broomrapes (Phelipanche Aegyptiaca)","authors":"Afshin Rostami,&nbsp;Hossein Saremi,&nbsp;Hanieh Saremi","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00957-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00957-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To effectively combat parasitic weeds, it is essential to develop advanced biocontrol agents capable of thriving in diverse environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> isolates as biocontrol agents against Egyptian broomrapes in tomato crops and to explore whether protoplast fusion could improve their biocontrol ability. Eleven <i>F. oxysporum</i> isolates significantly reduced the germination of <i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i> seeds. Consequently, these isolates were further evaluated for their potential as biological control agents against broomrapes through glasshouse and field experiments. The isolate KGh2-1 of <i>F. oxysporum</i> showed the highest reduction in the number of emerged broomrapes in both trials (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In order to enhance biocontrol activity against broomrapes, protoplast fusion was performed between <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. equiseti</i>. In comparison to KGh2-1, the fusant strains demonstrated superior ability in inhibiting the growth of broomrapes. The results also showed a clear host specificity of the selected pathogenic isolates and fusants. Protoplast fusion can be recommended as a valuable tool that can efficiently enhance the biocontrol ability of <i>F. oxysporum</i> against broomrapes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":"89 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black locust tree—a potentially important reservoir host of sophora yellow stunt virus in Iran","authors":"Parisa Hassan-Sheikhi,&nbsp;Jahangir Heydarnejad,&nbsp;Maryam Esmaeili,&nbsp;Anders Kvarnheden","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00958-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00958-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Black locust (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L., Fabaceae) is a shade tree and commonly used in urban green spaces in Iran. In the current study, 13 symptomatic black locust samples showing withering and decline were collected within the campus of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (southeastern Iran) and sophora yellow stunt virus (SYSV, genus <i>Nanovirus</i>, family <i>Nanoviridae</i>) was detected in two samples using nanovirus degenerate primers by PCR assay and sequencing of amplicons. Subsequently, eight genome components of the Rob4 isolate were amplified using specific primer pairs and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the Rob4 isolate shared 93.3–99.8% nucleotide identity with the previously sequenced genome of isolate Ta1 from a plant of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> also growing at the university campus and 68.9–99.8% nucleotide identity with the other sequences of SYSV available in GenBank. To demonstrate the pathogenesis of SYSV in black locust seedlings, previously constructed clones of the SYSV genome components were used for agroinoculation resulting in the appearance of severe symptoms followed by wilting and death of seedlings. Based on the results of this study, black locust tree is identified as a permanent reservoir host of SYSV in Iran. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the infection of a nanovirus with a symptomatic perennial tree having woody trunk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":"121 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field resistance to boscalid and molecular mechanisms of strawberry Botrytis cinerea in Chongqing, China","authors":"Pengfei Li,&nbsp;Xueru Yin,&nbsp;Yuheng Yang,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Anfei Fang,&nbsp;Binnian Tian,&nbsp;Chaowei Bi","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00955-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00955-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gray mold is a common and severe disease that affects strawberry production and storage. To clarify the occurrence and mechanism of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in strawberry resistance to boscalid [2-Chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide], a widely used fungicide, 137 isolates of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in strawberry were collected from Beibei, Xiema, and Changshou of Chongqing by random sampling method in 2021–2022 and monitored for resistance in the field by the discriminatory dosage method. The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) related gene of 55 resistant strains was sequenced, and molecular docking was used to predict the binding mode of boscalid to wild-type and mutant SDH of <i>B. cinerea</i>. The results showed that the resistance frequency of <i>B. cinerea</i> to boscalid in Chongqing was 93.43%. Mutation sites on the B subunit of SDH were found in 45 of the 55 resistant strains, with three primary mutation types, P225F, N230I, and H272R, responsible for 43.6%, 16.4%, and 21.8% of mutations, respectively. Out of the 55 resistant strains, five were found to have mutation sites on the C subunit of SDH. Only one mutation type, G85A+I93V+M158V+V168I, was observed in these strains, where four amino acids were mutated simultaneously. However, no mutation sites were detected in the remaining five resistant strains. Molecular docking results predicted that the P225F mutation prevented boscalid from entering the binding pocket, which affects the formation of hydrogen bonds and other interaction forces and ultimately hinders the ability of boscalid to bind to SDH. The H272R mutation narrows the cavity bottom of the binding pocket and rotates part of the boscalid chemical bond, while the N230I mutation has no effect on boscalid binding. This study clarified the occurrence and mechanism of boscalid resistance in <i>B. cinerea</i> in the Chongqing region, and the results provide an experimental data for formulating strawberry gray mold management strategies and also provide some insights for the development of succinic dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) fungicides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":"103 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological detection of important pepper viruses and characterisation of pepper mild mottle virus in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Zaheer Khalid,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ahmed Amer,&nbsp;Muhammad Amir,&nbsp;Khadim Hussain,&nbsp;Ibrahim Al-Shahwan,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00953-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00953-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A total of one-hundred and fourteen <i>Capsicum annum</i> L. samples were collected from Qassim and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia in the growing season of 2021–2022, showing virus like symptoms including, mottling, mosaic, chlorosis, leaf distortion, stunted growth, and necrotic lesions, dwarfing of leaves and fruits. These samples were tested against important viruses infecting pepper using ELISA kits. According to ELISA results, 80/114 (70%) samples were found to be infected with one or more of the tested viruses. However, incidence of the PMMoV was observed in 18/21 (85.7%) and 23/59 (38.98%) from Al-Baha and Qassim regions respectively. Based on highly positive ELISA samples of PMMoV three samples were selected for biological detection using mechanical inoculation with sap prepared and the results showed that systemic mosaic, mottling, necrotic spots, yellowing on <i>N. tabacum, N. benthamiana, N. glutinosa, Solanum nigrum and</i> necrotic and chlorotic spots on <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> and <i>C. amranticolor</i>, while local lesions symptoms were produced on <i>Datura stramonium.</i> According to the ELISA results, positive samples from Qassim and Al-Baha regions were amplified by RT-PCR analysis, and 474-bp fragment was amplified using PMMoV specific primers. Two directional sequencing was done for the amplified products and the sequences of the virus isolates were submitted in the NCBI database with the following accession numbers, OP723368, OP723369, OP723370, OP723371, OP723372. The phylogenetic analysis showed the close relationship our isolates with other isolation of PMMoV and pairwise nucleotide sequence identity analysis revealed that these PMMoV isolates shared their identity between 92.5 and 100% with PMMoV isolates available in the databases. This study provides comprehensive report regarding the diagnosis of chili infecting viruses through serological and characterization of PMMoV through serological, biological, and molecular methods in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":"67 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi associated with the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus perforans (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on drought-stressed Pinus in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Zali I Mahony,&nbsp;Kelly Scarlett,&nbsp;Angus J Carnegie,&nbsp;Conrad Trollip,&nbsp;Matthew Laurence,&nbsp;David I Guest","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00952-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00952-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ambrosia beetles have co-evolved symbiotic relationships with an array of fungal partners. Mutualistic fungal partners are often highly successful in vertical transmission between beetle generations. These persisting relationships can alter beetle behaviour, resulting in the opportunity to occupy new ecological niches and to spread geographically. In Australia, ambrosia beetles are not currently considered a significant pest in commercial <i>Pinus</i> plantations, where the bark beetle <i>Ips grandicollis</i> is known as the primary invader of stressed trees. However, in 2019, ambrosia beetles <i>Xyleborus perforans</i> and <i>X. bispinatus</i>, co-occurring with <i>I. grandicollis,</i> were found to have colonised a large proportion of drought-stressed trees in commercial <i>Pinus</i> plantations in north-east New South Wales. In this study, <i>X. perforans</i> (the most prevalent of two <i>Xyleborus</i> spp.) was collected from infested dead and dying trees in two NSW <i>Pinus</i> plantations. Fungal isolates of suspected <i>Pinus</i> pathogens were recovered from beetle mycangia and exoskeletons as well as ambrosia beetle galleries. Morphological examination and multilocus sequence analysis identified five fungi associated with <i>X. perforans</i>: <i>Fusarium parceramosum</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> aff. <i>solani</i>, <i>Ophiostoma ips, Raffaelea deltoideospora</i> and <i>Sporothrix pseudoabietina</i>. For Australia, this is the first report of <i>F. parceramosum</i>, as well as the first records of <i>O. ips, R. deltoideospora</i> and <i>S. pseudoabietina</i> being vectored by <i>Xyleborus</i>. Pathogenicity tests were performed on seedlings of three <i>Pinus</i> spp., with <i>O. ips</i> producing significantly longer lesions than the other fungi. This study demonstrates the potential for seemingly harmless ambrosia beetles to vector plant pathogens in Australian forests, providing a mode of disease transmission that should be considered in plantation management and forest biosecurity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":"51 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-023-00952-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a rapid, accurate, and field deployable LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a integrated assay for Xylella fastidiosa detection and surveillance","authors":"Thomas Farrall,&nbsp;Shamila Weerakoon Abeynayake,&nbsp;Wesley Webster,&nbsp;Sonia Fiorito,&nbsp;Adrian Dinsdale,&nbsp;Mark Whattam,&nbsp;Paul Richard Campbell,&nbsp;Cherie Gambley","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00954-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00954-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> is an aggressive plant pathogenic bacterium of significant quarantine concern. Accurate and reliable detection tools are essential to minimise the risk of the pathogen’s spread and for outbreak control, as limited post-infection management strategies are possible. Here, we report the development of a specific and potentially field-deployable assay combining a pre-existing Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay and a Cas12a-based DNA Endonuclease-Targeted (DETECTR) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) trans reporter for <i>X. fastidiosa</i> detection. The LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a integrated assay detected the amplified target region of the <i>X. fastidiosa</i> specific <i>rimM</i> gene at the low femto-molar range within 10 min of initiation. The assay detected varied <i>X. fastidiosa</i> sub-species in a range of naturally infected and economically relevant host material, with no non-target amplification recorded. The results show integration of LAMP with CRISPR-based detection is a specific, sensitive and a potentially field-adaptable strategy for the detection of <i>X. fastidiosa</i> and has the potential for further operationally focused improvements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":"115 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-023-00954-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135285870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability for the leaf rust resistance and its association with morphological yield contributing traits in bread wheat germplasm under field condition","authors":"Muhammad Farooq Naseer,&nbsp;Mueen Alam Khan","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00956-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00956-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leaf rust (also called Brown rust) caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i> Eriks severely reduces the grain yield of bread wheat and causes huge economic losses globally. Identification and development of wheat genotypes having resistance is only durable and ecofriendly solution to combat this devastating disease. Therefore, characterization of the 101 diverse panel of wheat genotypes was done to assess the resistance and diversity against leaf rust based on morphological parameters under natural field conditions. Field trials were conducted under Augmented Design during the two cropping seasons 2020-21 and 2021-22. Out of 101 genotypes, 09 genotypes (G10, G20, G28, G35, G55, G59, G69, G81 and G90) were found to be completely resistant, 63 genotypes were moderately resistant, 17 genotypes were moderately-susceptible to susceptible and 06 genotypes were susceptible to leaf rust. Ninety genotypes had Coefficient of Infection (CI) value between 0 and 20 exhibiting high resistance, 05 genotypes had CI value 21–40 and 06 genotypes had 41–100 CI value indicating moderate and low resistance respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf rust significantly reduced the growth and yield of studied genotypes because the CI showed highly significant negative correlation with Spike Length (SL), Flag Leaf Area (FLA), Chlorophyll content index (CC), Spikelet per Spike (SS), Grain yield per Spike (GYS) and Thousand Grain Weight (TGW). The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that out of ten, three PCs had Eigenvalues greater than 01 which thus being significant contributed 53.84% of variations. Cluster analysis classified 101 genotypes into eight major clusters at Euclidean distance of 0.950.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 1","pages":"41 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognising ceratocystis disease symptoms in a Eucalyptus pellita nursery","authors":"Heru Indrayadi,&nbsp;Morag Glen,&nbsp;Halimah .,&nbsp;Fahrizawati .,&nbsp;Istiana Prihatini,&nbsp;Chris Beadle,&nbsp;Budi Tjahjono,&nbsp;Caroline Mohammed","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00951-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00951-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early recognition of symptoms of infection is essential to prevent diseases from spreading through nurseries and into planted systems. In plantations, symptoms of <i>Ceratocystis manginecans</i> infection are typically wilt and canker but symptoms may differ at the nursery stage and as yet have not been described for <i>Eucalyptus pellita</i>. In this study, disease symptoms were recorded over a three-month period in an <i>E. pellita</i> nursery and isolates trapped. Then, to clearly identify those relating to ceratocystis disease and any related mortality, two <i>C. manginecans</i> isolates were re-inoculated by either spraying or dipping of healthy plantlets raised by tissue culture and mini-cuttings. Many disease symptoms were observed in the nursery but only perithecia on the leaves and stems was a clear indication of the presence of a <i>Ceratocystis</i> pathogen. Nine pathogenic fungal species, including <i>C. manginecans</i>, were isolated and identified by DNA analysis. Koch’s postulates indicated that leaf blight associated with <i>C. manginecans</i> was black-brown in colour, irregular, with uneven edges and surrounded by a yellow margin or halo on the upper leaf surface. Mortality following inoculation of plantlets by spraying immediately after planting was &gt; 70%; by contrast, mortality of mini-cuttings was &lt; 50% if spraying was done just before transplanting but &lt; 20% if done 7 or 14 days after transplanting. Isolate EP313C caused significantly greater mortality than isolate EP106C. The research showed that <i>C. manginecans</i> and other pathogens were present in the nursery environment and must be identified and managed as part of good nursery practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"52 6","pages":"625 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71910283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative interaction of Glomus intraradices with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promotes plant development and essential oil yield of Pogostemon cablin and reduces disease occurrence under organic field conditions","authors":"Rakshapal Singh,&nbsp;Sumit K. Soni,&nbsp;Anju Bajpai","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00948-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00948-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, two efficient plant growth promoters coupled with potent antagonists viz. <i>Pseudomonas monteilii</i> strain-CRC1, <i>Cedecea davisae</i> strain-CRC2 and AM Fungi named <i>Glomus intraradices</i> (GI) were assessed individually and in combination for their potential to increase yield and essential oil yield as well as lessen the severity of the disease caused by <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> in <i>Pogostemon cablin</i> (patchouli). In field trials, nine treatments were used: CRC1, CRC2, GI, CRC1 + CRC2, CRC1 + GI, CRC2 + GI, CRC1 + CRC2 + GI, un-inoculated vermicompost, and uninoculated soil as control, with five replications in randomised complete block design, where <i>Rhizoctonia</i> root-rot/wilt was a persistent problem. As compared to the control, the plants inoculated with CRC1 + CRC2 + GI performed best and significantly increased the plant height (87%), plant spread (50%), branch count (67%), herbs yield (67%), essential oil yield (69%) as well as reduced the percent disease index (68%) and percent wilt incidence (87.5%). Moreover, the Patchouli alcohol, a key component of its essential oil, was found to be markedly enhanced by 10% in CRC1 + CRC2 + GI inoculated plants. Furthermore, 43, 27 and 191% of higher uptake of NPK were observed in CRC1 + CRC2 + GI inoculated plants, respectively. After harvesting, a considerable abundance of CRC1, CRC2, and GI in the rhizosphere soil was observed. The results of this experiment indicate that higher herb yields and other observed plant attributes could be due to improved nutrient (NPK) uptake by the patchouli plants. The management of wilt disease and the production of high-quality essential oils in patchouli both can be accomplished with the help of the established consortium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"52 6","pages":"595 - 607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Phytophthora tropicalis causing black pod of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) in India","authors":"G. S. Madhu,&nbsp;A. T. Rani,&nbsp;B. M. Muralidhara,&nbsp;S. Rajendiran,&nbsp;V. Venkataravanappa,&nbsp;S. Sriram","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00947-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-023-00947-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cacao <i>(Theobroma cacao</i>) is a tropical plant that is grown throughout India. Cacao pods exhibiting chocolate brown patched symptoms were collected. The organism was isolated and cultured on V8 Agar from the diseased samples. The pathogenicity was proved on Cacao pods by inoculating mycelium of the organism and Koch’s postulates were proved by re-isolating the pathogen. The pathogen was identified as <i>Phytophthora tropicalis</i> based on cultural and morphological characters, followed by molecular investigations (ITS and COX1). This is the first report of <i>Phytophthora tropicalis</i> causing black pod of Cacao in India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"52 6","pages":"591 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}