Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Mental health help-seeking behaviours among children and young people from culturally and linguistically diverse communities in a multicultural urban Australian population.","authors":"James Rufus John, Jahidur Rahman Khan, Paul M Middleton, Yao Huang, Ping-I Lin, Nan Hu, Bin Jalaludin, Paul Chay, Raghu Lingam, Valsamma Eapen","doi":"10.1177/00048674241310702","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241310702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the help-seeking behaviours among children and young people (CYP) from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds for mental health (MH) needs in a multicultural Australian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the electronic medical records (eMR) of 8135 MH-related emergency department (ED) encounters of CYP aged up to 18 years across six public hospitals in the South Western Sydney Local Health District, Australia, from January 2016 to April 2022. Urgency of MH care was grouped into high priority (triage categories 1 and 2, needing to have treatment within 10 minutes) and low-to-moderate (triage categories 3-5, needing to have treatment within 30-120 minutes) presentations. Multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for key covariates and patient level clustering examined the relationship between CALD status and urgency of MH care. We also assessed the combined effects of gender and CALD status, as well as CALD status and residential area socioeconomic status, on urgent ED care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 8.3% of all MH-related ED presentations during the 6-year period were classified as high priority. The odds of high-priority MH ED care were 2.03-fold higher for CALD CYPs compared to non-CALD CYPs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.46-2.82]). Furthermore, an added increase in the odds of seeking urgent MH care for CYPs who belong to multiple risk groups was observed among CALD male CYPs (AOR: 2.96, 95% CI = [1.81-4.85]) and those living in disadvantaged areas (AOR: 2.36, 95% CI = [1.59-3.49]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the need for culturally appropriate services aimed at prevention and early intervention targeted at CYP from CALD backgrounds to avoid crisis presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal psychiatric emergencies in rural Australia: In urgent need of attention.","authors":"Emma Cribb, Breeanna Spring, Megan Galbally, Fergus Gardiner, Mathew Coleman","doi":"10.1177/00048674241308689","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241308689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The burden of perinatal mental illness is a significant global concern, affecting approximately 10-20% of women at this stage of life. It is well recognised that Rural Australia has far less health services and mental health specialists per capita than metropolitan regions. While women have more babies in rural settings, their access to maternal health care is conversely limited or absent. We highlight the urgent need for research, adaptation of clinical practice guidelines and service development to address the lack of specialist perinatal mental health services for women in rural Australia for emergency episodes of mental ill health in the perinatal period. While telehealth services have been utilised to bridge the gap in service provision, in this paper we articulate the need for innovative research to identify suitable and sustainable models of care in rural settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perinatal psychiatric emergencies represent a highly interventional area of psychiatry. Across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders, few can be attributed with such specificity in anticipated time of disease onset and severity of outcome. It is imperative that we address the lack of access to speciality perinatal psychiatric care for women who reside in rural Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"59 2","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Letter: Cumulative incidence of psychotropic drug prescriptions among children and adolescents in an Australian population cohort.","authors":"Oliver J Watkeys, Kirstie O'Hare, Kimberlie Dean, Kristin R Laurens, Stacy Tzoumakis, Felicity Harris, Vaughan J Carr, Melissa J Green","doi":"10.1177/00048674241307152","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241307152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"180-183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous people display lower mental illness stigma in Aotearoa.","authors":"Issac Jamieson, Taylor Winter, Andre Mason, Edmond Fehoko, Hitaua Arahanga-Doyle, Ririwai Fox, Damian Scarf","doi":"10.1177/00048674241307159","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241307159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental illness stigma continues to be pervasive and problematic in society. Researchers have attempted to better understand this stigma through investigations into demographic factors that may predict stigma, focusing on factors such as age, ethnicity and education.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We investigated demographic factors in the context of Aotearoa New Zealand, with a particular focus on Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa. We used data from the Health Promotion Agency, which collected representative samples from Aotearoa across three survey waves (total <i>n</i> = 3518). Assessment instruments were the Mental Health Knowledge Scale (MAKS), the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) and the Community Mental Health Ideology subscale of the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI). Using linear mixed-effects model we controlled for several demographic variables (e.g. age, biological sex, education and socioeconomic status) and additional variables (e.g. having a psychological condition and whether participants knew someone with mental illness) across three models for each measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that mental illness stigma was lower among both Māori and European participants. Additional variables and their associations with mental illness stigma are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this study illustrates mental illness stigma as lower among Indigenous people in Aotearoa, which prompts further research into ethnicity and mental illness stigma as well as non-Western understandings of mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"59 2","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: A systematic review.","authors":"Rosana R Freitas, Efstathia S Gotsis, Alexander T Gallo, Bernadette M Fitzgibbon, Neil W Bailey, Paul B Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1177/00048674241289024","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241289024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has been rescheduled for use in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression in Australia. While evidence for its use is promising, understanding the associated risks is crucial. Accordingly, this review aims to collate adverse event data from psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy clinical trials and evaluate its definition, way of measurement and reporting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic method was employed to identify clinical trials related to the use of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in clinical populations that reported on adverse events. The quality assessment focused on relevant criteria related to adverse event definition, monitoring and reporting methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 articles were included. The studies reported heterogeneous psilocybin doses, study designs and indications. Physical and psychological adverse events during and after psilocybin sessions were examined, revealing variations in measuring, reporting methods and occurrences. The most common adverse events during and after sessions included elevated blood pressure, headaches, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and anxiety. In addition, both suicidal ideation and behaviour were observed infrequently and mainly in participants with a history of suicidal ideation or suicide attempt(s).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review highlights the need to standardise the defintion of an adverse event, including how they are measured and reported, in psychedelic clinical trials to ensure consistent reporting across studies. In addition, screening participants for suicidality history and ongoing monitoring remains important, given the potential risk identified in the literature. However, based on the available data, the safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy is generally supported, and no deaths were attributed to psilocybin. Nevertheless, cautious optimism is needed due to the preliminary nature and heterogeneity of the safety data.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"128-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of childhood abuse on future military sexual assault and PTSD symptomology in Australian veterans.","authors":"Katelyn Kerr, Rebecca Mellor, Darcy Bennett, Richard Wellauer, Violette McGaw","doi":"10.1177/00048674241289027","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241289027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The trauma most commonly associated with the military is combat-related trauma. It is increasingly recognised that childhood sexual and physical abuse and military sexual assault may influence or exacerbate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when military members are exposed to combat.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study aimed to determine whether a history of childhood sexual and physical abuse would increase the likelihood of military sexual assault (MSA) and determine whether a history of sexual abuse (childhood or military) impacted the incidence and severity of post-trauma sequelae compared to veterans without this history.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective correlational analysis was performed on baseline data collected from clinical case records of a cohort of 134 Australian veterans with PTSD who had attended an outpatient Military Service Trauma Recovery Day Programme between October 2020 and May 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost half (48.5%) of veterans reported a history of abuse. Prevalence rates of military sexual abuse, child sexual abuse and child physical abuse were 14.9%, 13.4% and 23.1% respectively. The relationship between those who experienced childhood abuse and those who experienced military sexual abuse was not significant. No significant differences were observed between those who experienced any sexual abuse and those who did not on intake scores of psychological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first Australian study to investigate the prevalence of childhood abuse and military sexual abuse and its impact on PTSD and associated psychopathology in a sample of veterans seeking mental health treatment. No additional risks of experiencing military sexual assault were found for those who had survived childhood sexual abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a framework of the skills and attributes needed by mental health professionals to provide optimal clinical care to people experiencing complex psychosis: A Delphi consensus study.","authors":"Sarah Grattan, Kimberley Davies, Janelle Weise, Nicholas Burns, Robyn Murray, Jennifer Weldon, Robin Ellis, Julia M Lappin","doi":"10.1177/00048674241289032","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241289032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complex psychosis is associated with high social and economic costs. The key skills and attributes needed by mental health professionals to provide optimal clinical care to people experiencing complex psychosis have not previously been defined. A framework detailing these skills and attributes is needed to support the identification of training needs for those working with this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modified online Delphi method was used to reach consensus on the skills and attributes essential for mental health professionals to deliver optimal clinical care to people experiencing complex psychosis. Participants were international healthcare professionals and academic researchers who self-identified as experts in complex psychosis. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with each item on a five-point Likert-type scale and to provide comments. Qualitative feedback was used to modify existing, or create new, items for subsequent rounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>64 responses were received across three Delphi rounds. 167 items reached consensus and were endorsed (132 in Round 1, 31 in Round 2 and 4 in Round 3). Median score range for endorsed items was 4.5/5, with 88.6% scoring 5/5. All 167 endorsed items were included in the framework, categorised into 14 overarching domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple skills and attributes were identified as being core components required in the delivery of optimal care by mental health professionals to people experiencing complex psychosis. The resulting framework provides a benchmark for training and skill development of mental health clinicians at both individual and team levels to optimise effective working with this high-needs population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"60-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Differential effects of access restriction to a highway bridge on suicide numbers by jumping.","authors":"Eberhard A Deisenhammer, Manuel Pitschieler, Timo Schurr","doi":"10.1177/00048674241297544","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241297544","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma, resilience and significant relationships: Sex differences in protective factors for military mental health.","authors":"Lisa Dell, Kelsey Madden, Jenelle Baur, Alyssa Sbisa, Alexander McFarlane, Miranda VanHooff, Richard Bryant, Ellie Lawrence-Wood","doi":"10.1177/00048674241286818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241286818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Military service is historically a male-dominated occupation, as such, the majority of research examining the development of mental disorder in Australian Defence Force members has had primarily male samples. While there have been mixed findings internationally regarding sex differences in rates of mental disorder and subthreshold symptoms among military personnel, across studies, the evidence tends to suggest that female military members are at least as likely as males to experience subthreshold mental health symptoms and have similar or higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder despite the differences in roles during service. What is less understood is the impact of sex differences in symptom emergence over time and in predictors of clinical disorder.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample included a longitudinal cohort of Australian Defence Force members (<i>N</i> = 8497) surveyed at Time 1 (2010) and followed up at Time 2 (2015) on measures of anger, self-perceived resilience, trauma exposure, deployment exposure, suicidality, help-seeking, relationship satisfaction and mental health disorder symptoms. Outcomes included Subthreshold Disorder (above the optimal screening cut-off on the 10-item Kessler distress scale or posttraumatic stress disorder checklist) and Probable Disorder (above the epidemiological cut-off on the 10-item Kessler distress scale or posttraumatic stress disorder checklist).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results found that while lifetime trauma exposure remained the strongest predictor of later probable disorder emergence among both males and females, for females specifically, self-reported resilience was also a significant protective factor. In contrast, being in a significant relationship at Time 1 was a protective factor against the development of subthreshold disorder in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For the first time, sex differences in mental health symptom emergence over time have been explored in a large Australian cohort of military members. The capacity to adapt and bounce back after adversity emerged as a proactive factor against poor mental health for females in the military and could be addressed as part of routine skills training. Social support from significant relationship was particularly important for males' mental health, suggesting that maintaining positive relationships and supporting military spouses and partners are critical for males' mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Letter: Exploring the utility of ketamine in child and adolescent mental health: Perspectives of psychiatrists.","authors":"Sarthak Gandhi, Simon Craig, Michael Gordon","doi":"10.1177/00048674241268229","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241268229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"86-88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}