Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-485-491

Yevgeniy V. Nikitin

{"title":"Problems of Countering Social Engineering Technologies as an Element of Criminal Activity","authors":"Yevgeniy V. Nikitin","doi":"10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-485-491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-485-491","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the problems of countering social engineering technologies as an element of criminal activity and suggests ways to solve them. The circumstances that cause an increased public danger of criminal activity, the method of which is social engineering technologies, have been identified. Among these circumstances, the following are investigated: the variability and diversity of methods used by criminals to commit socially dangerous acts and harm the victim; the reasons for the high latency of these crimes; the high prevalence of such crimes in various areas of criminal activity, especially related to the use of information and telecommunication networks and IT technologies. A range of problems is described, the solution of which will increase the effectiveness of countering crimes, the methods of which are social engineering. Among the identified problems are: the lack of terminological certainty; the lack of “information hygiene” among most citizens; insufficient consideration of the psychological characteristics of the target victim as a victim factor that determines the choice of specific methods of social engineering in relation to this victim. The article analyzes the activities of law enforcement agencies for the prevention of crimes, the method of which is social engineering, in order to increase the effectiveness of combating them. The potential possibilities of increasing the victimological safety of “risk groups” from crimes committed using “manipulative” information systems and methods are revealed.","PeriodicalId":85835,"journal":{"name":"Victimology","volume":"60 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Victimblaming in Bribery 贿赂中的受害者指责

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-463-473

V. Rezyuk

引用次数: 0

The Level of Criminal Victimization of Legal Entities in the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦法律实体的犯罪受害程度

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-414-423

Natalia Alexandrina

{"title":"The Level of Criminal Victimization of Legal Entities in the Russian Federation","authors":"Natalia Alexandrina","doi":"10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-414-423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-414-423","url":null,"abstract":"Victimological statistics play an important role in the implementation of activities aimed at countering crime. The study of statistical indicators of criminal victimization makes it possible to identify trends, trace the dynamics of negative consequences, and focus on the regions and areas of activity most susceptible to victimization. Based on mathematical formulas developed earlier by scientists for determining the level of crime and victimization, a formula for calculating the coefficient of criminal victimization in relation to legal entities has been derived in the scientific work, which allows more accurately tracking the level of corporate victimization both on the territory of the entire Russian Federation and in individual districts and subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the level of criminal corporate victimization for 2021 and 2022 was calculated, their comparative analysis was performed. In particular, the average coefficient of criminal victimization of legal entities in Russia in 2022 amounted to 8970 and exceeded this indicator 2021 by 15 %; of all the districts of the Russian Federation, the highest level of victimization legal entities in the Southern Federal District, and the lowest — in the Central Federal District.","PeriodicalId":85835,"journal":{"name":"Victimology","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Basic Components of Ensuring Victim Safety 确保受害者安全的基本要素

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-403-413

Valentin S. Kharlamov

{"title":"Basic Components of Ensuring Victim Safety","authors":"Valentin S. Kharlamov","doi":"10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-403-413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-403-413","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the safety of crime victims also remains an insufficiently developed object in russian science. Attention is drawn to the role of the state in ensuring the protection of the individual, the state and society. Russian scientists who have made a significant contribution to the formation of the conceptual foundations of victimological counteraction to criminal encroachments are presented. The immanent conceptual apparatus is reflected. The methodological basis of the research is represented by a set of methods of scientific cognition . Applied general scientific methods such as: historical and legal, comparison, description, interpretation, system-analytical. Along with those mentioned, private scientific methods were used, including: a formal legal approach and a method of interpreting legal norms. The four stages of victim security are considered in detail. Among them: introductory (preliminary) stage; victimological diagnostics; victimological provision of crime prevention; victimological planning and forecasting. The objects and the system of subjects of victim security are presented . The recommendations of the United Nations on providing sufficient support to victims of crime are reflected. Significant issues of victimological prevention, protection and assistance are investigated . The forms of compensation for damage caused as a result of criminal encroachment in Russia are disclosed. Victimological provision of crime prevention is considered depending on the levels of general social, special and individual. The specifics of ensuring victim security by internal affairs bodies are reflected.","PeriodicalId":85835,"journal":{"name":"Victimology","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protecting Vulnerable Groups of Citizens from Extremist Crimes: Theoretical and Practical Aspects 保护公民弱势群体免受极端主义犯罪侵害：理论与实践

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-453-462

Alexey V. Zorin

{"title":"Protecting Vulnerable Groups of Citizens from Extremist Crimes: Theoretical and Practical Aspects","authors":"Alexey V. Zorin","doi":"10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-453-462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-453-462","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the problems of countering extremist crimes and, in particular, issues of protecting the most vulnerable groups of citizens from this type of crime. The issues of forming various approaches to understanding the definition of “extremism” were considered, definitions of domestic legislation on countering extremism were analyzed, recommendations were given on possible ways to improve it. The issues of the presence of similar regulatory legal acts and legislative structures in foreign practice were touched upon, conclusions were drawn on similarities and differences in the understanding and explanation of the concept of “extremism.” References to current foreign studies on the subject of this work are given . The article defines the concept of interfaith and interethnic harmony, considers their role in countering the ideology of terrorism and extremism. It is concluded that an adequate state policy in the field of countering extremism allows achieving a high level of interethnic and interfaith harmony. Using the example of some religious organization banned in the Russian Federation, as well as the problems of bringing to justice for likes and reposts of materials related to religion, the author considers the negative consequences of disproportionate and excessively strict state policy in the field of countering extremism and suggests changes to the current legal regulation in this area in order to optimize this policy.","PeriodicalId":85835,"journal":{"name":"Victimology","volume":"21 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Countering Negative Social Engineering Techniques 应对负面社交工程技术

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-474-484

Antonina V. Cheretskikh

引用次数: 0

Defects in Corporate Legislation as a Factor in the Victimization of Corporation Founders 公司立法的缺陷是公司创始人受害的一个因素

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-424-433

Svetlana G. Goncharova

引用次数: 0

Patient Victimhood and the Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence Technology in Healthcare 在医疗保健领域使用人工智能技术的患者受害者身份和风险

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-492-502

A. A. Shutova

{"title":"Patient Victimhood and the Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence Technology in Healthcare","authors":"A. A. Shutova","doi":"10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-492-502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-492-502","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence technologies are of increasing interest in the field of medicine and are one of the key areas for the digital transformation of healthcare . According to a number of experts, medical professionals and digital technology developers, the use of medical devices equipped with artificial intelligence technologies will raise healthcare to a high level, which will lead to improved clinical decision-making, high-quality analysis of digital images, prediction and control of the correctness of the prescribed treatment .However, failures associated with the use of medical devices equipped with artificial intelligence systems can have serious consequences for both clinical outcomes and patients . These consequences could undermine public confidence in artificial intelligence technologies and health care institutions in general . Given the certain novelty of technological solutions, data on the clinical efficacy and safety of products equipped with artificial intelligence are currently considered insufficient .This publication raises two important issues . The first part of the study describes the main physical, social and mental characteristics (properties) of patients that increase the likelihood that they will be victimized in the event of a crime situation in innovative health care services . The second part of the study identifies the risks of using AI technologies in health care that are of greatest concern to both patients and those exploiting innovative technologies .","PeriodicalId":85835,"journal":{"name":"Victimology","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Attitude of the Criminogenic Individual Social Environment 个人社会环境对犯罪的态度

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-512-524

K. Zlokazov

{"title":"The Attitude of the Criminogenic Individual Social Environment","authors":"K. Zlokazov","doi":"10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-512-524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-512-524","url":null,"abstract":"Social environment of a person has a significant impact on criminalization of a person . Scientific literature analyzes the criminogenic influence of its individual participants — family members and relatives, members of informal groups and communities . Consequently, its structural organization, key functions of relations with social environment, possibilities of their change for decriminalization and post-penitentiary reintegration are unclear . Objective of the study: to examine relationship of a criminogenic person with social environment . Methods: method of data collection is a survey . Parameters of social environment that are studied: volume, stability, homogeneity, limitations of autonomy and reference; studied characteristics of interaction: received support and assistance, effectiveness of interaction, influence . The methods of processing results are descriptive statistics and rank comparison criterion (Mann-Whitney U-criterion) .The study sample consists of 388 people, 171 of whom are classified as persons with law-abiding behavior (Mean age — 36,3 years, SD — 12,3 years; men — 77 %) . The remaining part is made up of persons under administrative supervision, of whom 114 persons were under criminal punishment for the first time (Mean age — 31 .5 years, SD — 8 .42 years; men — 84 %); 103 persons who had been previously subjected to criminal punishment (Mean age — 37 .7 years, SD — 11 .13 years; men — 73 %) .Results and novelty: new information was obtained about parameters of social environment of a person with criminogenic behavior (small volume, high stability of composition and homogeneity of participants, low referentiality, selectivity of social relations) . The influence of parameters of social environment of a person and relations with it on post-penitentiary re-integration is noted.","PeriodicalId":85835,"journal":{"name":"Victimology","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the book D. V. Zhmurov “Cybervictimology" D. V. Zhmurov "网络犯罪学 "一书评论

Victimology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-538-559

P. Kabanov

引用次数: 0

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