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Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA最新文献

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HIV-associated resources on the internet. 互联网上的艾滋病毒相关资源。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-12-01
Wendy S Armstrong, Carlos del Rio
{"title":"HIV-associated resources on the internet.","authors":"Wendy S Armstrong,&nbsp;Carlos del Rio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Internet provides easy, widespread access to new developments in the field of medicine. The pace of HIV-related research is rapid and has global relevance, making the Internet a particularly well-suited technology for dissemination of information. The number of sites offering HIV-related information is vast, and the quality is variable. Nevertheless, access to reliable information can be a highly efficient method to acquire up-to-date knowledge about advances in HIV investigation. This review summarizes high-quality HIV-related Web sites, including sites that provide access to HIV-related guidelines, conferences with Web content, images, case studies, and clinical and scientific databases. Also included are HIV-related reference sites, Web sites for journals that publish regularly on HIV- and AIDS-related advances and epidemiology, and policy oriented sites. In addition, Web sites with materials for patient information and advocacy and specialty societies for HIV practitioners are listed.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 5","pages":"151-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28643236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antiretroviral therapy: new drugs, formulations, ideas, and strategies. 抗逆转录病毒疗法:新药、配方、想法和策略。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-12-01
Joseph J Eron
{"title":"Antiretroviral therapy: new drugs, formulations, ideas, and strategies.","authors":"Joseph J Eron","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a continuing need for new antiretroviral drugs and formulations and updated strategies for using new and established drugs. Strategies being investigated for expanding initial treatment options include use of rilpivirine, raltegravir, or maraviroc as an alternative to efavirenz, use of pharmacokinetics enhancers without anti-HIV activity as an alternative to ritonavir as a boosting agent, and use of regimens sparing nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, including ritonavir-boosted (/r) lopinavir plus raltegravir; darunavir/r plus raltegravir; vicriviroc plus atazanavir/r; and unboosted atazanavir plus raltegravir. For patients receiving fully suppressive regimens, strategies such as switching from lopinavir/r to raltegravir and from enfuvirtide to raltegravir have been examined. In highly treatment-experienced patients, use of 3 new active drugs has been found to be successful in suppressing virus. This article summarizes a presentation made by Joseph J. Eron, Jr, MD, at the International AIDS Society-USA continuing medical education program in Chicago in May 2009. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 5","pages":"146-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28643235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: December 2009. HIV-1耐药突变的最新情况:2009年12月。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-12-01
Victoria A Johnson, Francoise Brun-Vezinet, Bonaventura Clotet, Huldrych F Gunthard, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Deenan Pillay, Jonathan M Schapiro, Douglas D Richman
{"title":"Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: December 2009.","authors":"Victoria A Johnson,&nbsp;Francoise Brun-Vezinet,&nbsp;Bonaventura Clotet,&nbsp;Huldrych F Gunthard,&nbsp;Daniel R Kuritzkes,&nbsp;Deenan Pillay,&nbsp;Jonathan M Schapiro,&nbsp;Douglas D Richman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 5","pages":"138-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28643234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immune dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in patients on antiretroviral therapy. 抗逆转录病毒治疗患者的免疫功能障碍、炎症和加速衰老。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-09-01
Steven G Deeks
{"title":"Immune dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in patients on antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"Steven G Deeks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy are at increased risk of age-associated non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality compared with HIV-seronegative persons. Despite suppressive antiretroviral treatment, inflammation remains elevated and CD4+ count often remains low, with both measures predicting age-associated events. Several factors likely contribute to persistent inflammation and suboptimal gains during therapy. These include residual HIV replication, persistent virus expression, loss of immunoregulatory cells, collagen deposition, microbial translocation, chronic coinfections, and thymic dysfunction. How these factors influence disease outcomes and how chronic inflammation should be managed during therapy are the focus of intense ongoing investigation. Currently, the most practical advice is to start antiretroviral therapy early and to manage traditional risk factors for non-AIDS-related conditions aggressively. This article summarizes a presentation made by Steven G. Deeks, MD, at the International AIDS Society-USA continuing medical education program in Chicago in May 2009.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 4","pages":"118-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28489151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
End-stage liver disease in HIV disease. HIV疾病中的终末期肝病。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-09-01
Marion G Peters
{"title":"End-stage liver disease in HIV disease.","authors":"Marion G Peters","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver disease is the most common non-AIDS-related cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients. HIV-infected patients with chronic liver disease progress more rapidly to cirrhosis, and those with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus coinfection progress more rapidly from decompensation to death and are at increased risk of death from end-stage liver disease. With improvements in health associated with antiretroviral therapy, liver transplantation is increasingly an option in HIV-infected patients with end-stage liver disease. Elements of management of decompensated liver disease, including staging, treatment of variceal hemorrhage and ascites, and considerations in transplantation in the HIV-infected patient are discussed. This article summarizes a presentation made by Marion G. Peters, MD, at the International AIDS Society-USA continuing medical education program held in Chicago in May 2009. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 4","pages":"124-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28489153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cost-effectiveness of HIV interventions: from cohort studies and clinical trials to policy. 艾滋病干预措施的成本效益:从队列研究和临床试验到政策。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-09-01
Rochelle P Walensky
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of HIV interventions: from cohort studies and clinical trials to policy.","authors":"Rochelle P Walensky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios quantify the additional cost of an intervention relative to the additional benefit associated with its use. Whether an intervention is considered cost-effective depends largely on policy decisions regarding whether the additional benefit is worth the additional cost in the context of competing needs for resources. In the United States, costeffectiveness analyses have been instrumental in guiding changes in HIV policy supporting antiretroviral therapy, genotypic resistance testing, and expanded programs for HIV screening. The cost-effectiveness of HIV screening compares favorably with that of accepted screening practices for other chronic diseases. This article is a summary of a presentation made by Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH, at the International AIDS Society-USA Chicago program held in May 2009. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 4","pages":"130-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28489154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What's new in the 2009 US guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections among adults and adolescents with HIV? 2009年美国成人和青少年艾滋病病毒感染预防和治疗指南有什么新内容?
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-07-01
John T Brooks, Jonathan E Kaplan, Henry Masur
{"title":"What's new in the 2009 US guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections among adults and adolescents with HIV?","authors":"John T Brooks,&nbsp;Jonathan E Kaplan,&nbsp;Henry Masur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite dramatic declines in the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) in the United States, they remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality for HIV-infected persons. Previously separate guidelines on the prevention of OIs and on the treatment of OIs have been combined recently into an updated single document; the present article reviews salient changes to and new information contained in this guidance. Chapters on hepatitis B virus infection and tuberculosis have been expanded substantially, and each chapter now includes information on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. In addition, there is detailed discussion on the role of antiretroviral therapy in OI prevention and issues concerning the initiation of antiretroviral therapy during treatment of an acute OI. In the future, these guidelines will likely be maintained as an internet-based document to facilitate wider dissemination and more rapid updates.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 3","pages":"109-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28337270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Occupational and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis for HIV in 2009. 2009年职业和非职业艾滋病毒暴露后预防。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-07-01
Raphael J Landovitz
{"title":"Occupational and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis for HIV in 2009.","authors":"Raphael J Landovitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data supporting the efficacy of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) come largely from a small number of older studies and case reports in health care workers, studies of transmission from infected mothers to their infants, and animal studies. These data also provide support for the current recommendations regarding duration of PEP and the window of time within which PEP should be started. Although much of the available data are from experience with older 2-drug regimens, newer potent 2- and 3-drug regimens are increasingly used in occupational exposure management, and drugs with mechanisms of action targeting early events in infection (eg, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors) may in the future become attractive options. Nonoccupational PEP remains controversial, although its feasibility and safety have been demonstrated in a number of programs. Existing recommendations generally call for its use within 72 hours of high-risk contact with a high-risk or HIV-infected source individual. This article summarizes a presentation on PEP for HIV infection made by Raphael J. Landovitz, MD, at the IAS-USA continuing medical education course held in Los Angeles in February 2009. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 3","pages":"104-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28337271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update on cardiovascular complications in HIV infection. 艾滋病毒感染中心血管并发症的最新情况。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-07-01
Judith S Currier
{"title":"Update on cardiovascular complications in HIV infection.","authors":"Judith S Currier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), reflecting interaction of risk associated with host, virus, and antiretroviral therapy factors. Although traditional risk factors appear to increase risk to a similar degree in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons, some risk factors (eg, smoking) may be more common in HIV-infected persons. HIV infection per se may further increase CVD risk via proatherosclerotic effects on smooth muscle cells and macrophages or by increasing inflammation. Some drugs in the protease inhibitor class are associated with increased risk, at least partly in association with adverse lipid effects. The magnitude and mechanisms of risk reported to be associated with recent use of abacavir remain undefined. This article summarizes a presentation on cardiovascular complications in HIV infection made by Judith S. Currier, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA continuing medical education course in Los Angeles in February 2009. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 3","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28337268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment. 艾滋病的神经系统并发症及其治疗。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2009-04-01
Scott L Letendre, Ronald J Ellis, Ivan Everall, Beau Ances, Ajay Bharti, J Allen McCutchan
{"title":"Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment.","authors":"Scott L Letendre, Ronald J Ellis, Ivan Everall, Beau Ances, Ajay Bharti, J Allen McCutchan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substantial work on the peripheral and central nervous system complications of HIV was presented at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Six studies of more than 4500 volunteers identified that distal sensory polyneuropathy remains common, ranging from 19% to 66%, with variation based on disease stage, type of antiretroviral therapy, age, and height. Eight studies of more than 2500 volunteers identified that neurocognitive disorders are also common, ranging from 25% to 69%, with variation based on stage of disease, antiretroviral use, diabetes mellitus, and coinfection with hepatitis viruses. Therapy-focused studies identified that resistance testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-derived HIV may improve management of people with HIV-associated neurologic complications, that poorly penetrating antiretroviral therapy is associated with persistent low-level HIV RNA in CSF, and that efavirenz concentrations in CSF are low but in the therapeutic range in most individuals. Neuroimaging reports identified that people living with HIV had abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (gray matter atrophy, abnormal white matter), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (lower neuronal metabolites), and blood-oxygen-level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (lower cerebral blood flow). Other important findings on the basic neuroscience of HIV and diagnosis and management of neurologic opportunistic infections are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"17 2","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065886/pdf/nihms-277542.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28214493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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