Studia demograficzne最新文献

{"title":"Imigranci po 60. roku życia – przypadek Polski","authors":"Dorota Kałuża-Kopias","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Imigranci po 60. roku życia – przypadek Polski \u0000Streszczenie: Niniejszy artykuł, ma na celu przedstawienie skali zjawiska, jakim jest imigracja osób starszych do Polski, struktury demograficznej przyjeżdzających i kierunków imigracji w ostatniej dekadzie. Można przypuszczać, że Polska wzorem krajów, które wstąpiły do Unii Europejskiej kilkanaście lat wcześniej, tj. Irlandia, Grecja czy Hiszpania, po fali emigracji zarobkowej swoich obywateli, stanie się krajem o wzmożonej imigracji. W XXI wieku obserwujemy rosnącą mobilność przestrzenną seniorów, często z Północy Europy na Południe. Część tych przemieszczeń stanowią migracje powrotne. W przypadku Polski, imigranci-seniorzy to najczęściej osoby przed siedemdziesiątym rokiem życia mające polskie obywatelstwo. Świadczy to, iż mamy do czynienia w dużej części przypadków z imigracją powrotną. Rozkład przestrzenny napływu z zagranicy i kraje, z których pochodzą starsi imigranci, sugerują, iż mamy do czynienia z reemigracją Polaków wyjeżdzających jeszcze w XX w. \u0000  \u0000Immigrants over 60 - the case of Poland \u0000Abstract: This article aims to present the scale of the phenomenon of immigration of elderly people to Poland, the demographic structure of people arriving and the directions of immigration in the last decade. It can be assumed that Poland, following a wave of economic emigration of its citizens, will become a country with increased immigration, following the example of countries that joined the European Union several years earlier, e.g. Ireland, Greece or Spain. In the 21st century, we observe the growing spatial mobility of seniors, often from the North of Europe to the South. Part of these movements are return migrations. In the case of Poland, senior immigrants are usually people under the age of seventy who have Polish citizenship. This proves that we are dealing, in a large part, with return immigration. The spatial distribution of the inflow from abroad and the countries of origin of older immigrants suggest that we are dealing with the re-emigration of Poles leaving as early as the 20th century. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47314875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wydatki publiczne na świadczenia rzeczowe opieki długoterminowej w Polsce – konwergencja czy dywergencja na poziomie województw","authors":"Małgorzata Wrotek","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Różnice przestrzenne w zaawansowaniu procesów starzenia demograficznego ludności Polski, sugerują występowanie silnego regionalnego zróżnicowania popytu na usługi opieki długoterminowej, w tym na świadczenia rzeczowe (usługi pielęgnacyjno-opiekuńcze). Obserwowane obecnie zróżnicowanie demograficzne województw jak również konwergencja bądź dywergencja określonych czynników demograficznych istotnych z punktu widzenia potrzeb opiekuńczych powinny więc wpływać na oszacowania poziomu wydatków publicznych na opiekę długoterminową, w tym również na zmniejszanie bądź zwiększanie dyspersji regionalnej w tym zakresie. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja kluczowych zmiennych kształtujących poziom wydatków publicznych na świadczenia rzeczowe opieki długoterminowej sektora ochrony zdrowia i pomocy społecznej oraz zbadanie występowania konwergencji bądź dywergencji tychże wydatków w ujęciu regionalnym. W badaniu wykorzystano trzy miary konwergencji: sigma, beta – absolutną i beta warunkową. Do weryfikacji statystycznej istotności wybranych zmiennych wykorzystano metodę regresji panelowej na danych rocznych dla województw.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43532986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procesy ludnościowe a zmiany klimatyczne – przegląd literatury","authors":"Monika Rzeżutka","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej zarówno koncepcji teoretycznych, jak i badań empirycznych poświęconych zmianom klimatycznym w powiązaniu z procesami ludnościowymi. Z dostępnej literatury wynika jednoznacznie, że istnieją związki pomiędzy postępującymi zmianami klimatycznymi a przebiegiem procesów ludnościowych. Liczba ludności świata, struktura wieku populacji, liczba i rozmiar gospodarstw domowych oraz postępujący proces urbanizacji przyczyniają się do wzrostu emisji gazów cieplarnianych, a co za tym idzie, do tempa szeroko rozumianych zmian klimatycznych. Te zmiany z kolei wpływają na płodność, stan zdrowia ludności, umieralność oraz migracje. Należy jednak pamiętać, że te powiązania różnią się znacząco zależnie od położenia geograficznego, poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego oraz kontekstu społecznego i kulturowego.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47917624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal care for adults: a comparison of Time Use Surveys of 2004 and 2013","authors":"Olga Zajkowska, M. Rokicka","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to describe daily patterns and changes in time use of people dealing with elderly informal care in Poland. Based on Time Use Survey 2004 and 2013 we show that with increasing population of adults requiring care the profile of average caregiver also changes. We observe more caregivers. More often they are women and more often are retired. In consequence average time spent on caregiving also increases. We conclude that this trend will continue and therefore both market and state suppy of the caregiving services is required.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41613452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wykorzystanie teorii klas społecznych do analizy zachowań i postaw związanych z prokreacją i rolami płci","authors":"Krzysztof Tymicki","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Zmiana systemowa oraz instytucjonalna, która dokonała się w Polsce po 1989 roku, wywarła znaczący wpływ na wiele aspektów życia społecznego. Jednym z jej przejawów był gwałtowny spadek liczby rodzących się dzieci wynikający, między innymi, z opóźniania decyzji o założeniu rodziny a także co raz częstszego wyboru modelu rodziny 2+1. Niniejszy artykuł stawia sobie za cel wyjaśnienie niektórych aspektów tej zmiany demograficznej z wykorzystaniem teorii klas społecznych w ujęciu zaproponowanym przez francuskiego socjologa Pierre’a Bourdieu. Istotną cechą zaproponowanego ujęcia jest potraktowanie klasy społecznej jako czynnika różnicującego nastawienie Polaków do posiadania dzieci, ich wychowania, wykształcenia a także wartości przekazywanych młodszemu pokoleniu. Wykorzystanie teorii klas społecznych w demografii nabiera na znaczeniu ze względu na zjawisko tzw. ekspansji edukacyjnej, czyli, między innymi, wzrostem udziału osób z wykształceniem wyższym. Zacieranie się różnic w poziomie wykształcenia niekoniecznie musi prowadzić do ujednolicania się wzorców reprodukcji stąd wykorzystywanie klas społecznych jako dodatkowego miernika różnicującego jednostki ze względu na wartości, postawy i zachowania może nabierać na znaczeniu.Analizy zaprezentowane w artykule wykorzystują dane z badania GGS zarówno do analiz opisowych jak i do konstrukcji modeli statystycznych w których zmiennymi wynikowymi są liczba posiadanych dzieci, intencje prokreacyjne oraz normy i wartości. Wyniki sugerują, iż główne osie podziałów między klasowych przebiegają w sferze manifestowanych wartości mniej zaś w obszarze dzietności planowanej czy zrealizowanej.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42971543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Danny Dorling and Stuart Gietel-Basten (2018). Why Demography Matters. Oxford, UK: Policy Press","authors":"Milena Chełchowska","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The book entitled Why Demography Matters (written by Danny Dorling and Stuart Gietel-Basten) describes the role of demography in shaping humans’ perception of the world. It tries to highlight the excesses of competence, too hasty conclusions, and mistakes in the assessment of the world around us and in visions of what the future of mankind will look like from the demographic point of view.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47924653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Family 500+” programme as a social investment aimed at increasing the number of births in Poland – an analysis of Internet forums discourse","authors":"P. Michoń","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to identify discourses related to the pro-natalist goal of the “Family 500 plus” programme, which is the largest family cash benefit scheme ever introduced in Poland. The paper presents an analysis of the conventional discourse based on Internet forums devoted to this programme. The analysis of 47 forums and over 3,000 posts shared between November 2015 and June 2019 allowed the author to distinguish fourteen dominant conventional discourses which were classified into three groups labelled as follows: (1) discourses of the state’s/individuals’ responsibility (2) discourses concerning policy making (3) discourses of (in)efficiency and (in)effectiveness. The research also indicates the leading role of the social perception of parents-beneficiaries in the debate on the “Family 500+” programme. The key to gaining social support, and, more broadly, for the legitimation of the welfare state in Poland, seems to care for a positive image of parents eligible for the benefit. The paper reveals complexity and interdependence of arguments concerning chances of the programme in terms of supporting increases in fertility in Poland. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to analyse online forums in terms of social policy instruments.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 preventive behaviours among population 50+ in Poland","authors":"M. Styrc","doi":"10.33119/sd.2021.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2021.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the spread of the SARS-COVID pandemic a set of measures was recommended to reduce the spread of disease and protect individual health. In this article we analyse what factors are associated with utilisation of preventive measures: washing hands, using disinfectant and covering cough among the population of men and women aged 50+. Using Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement data we estimate logistic regression models for the increased utilisation of each of the preventive behaviours on demographic, socio-economic and psychological characteristics. The results indicate that the likelihood of taking health precautions depends on age, education, level of conscientiousness, and staying isolated. For men it also matters whether they live with a partner. We discuss what the findings mean for managing preventive behaviours.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of avoidable causes of death to premature mortality in Poland and selected European countries","authors":"B. Wojtyniak, J. Stokwiszewski","doi":"10.33119/sd.2020.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2020.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Our study, availing the new, agreed by the OECD and Eurostat, lists of preventable and treatable causes of death, seeks to quantify the contribution of avoidable causes to premature mortality and its dynamics in Poland and Central European countries – Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovenia, in comparison with Sweden serving as a benchmark country in 1999–2017. We calculated age standardised death rates for the broad groups of avoidable causes and more specific ones, which comprised preventable and treatable cancer and diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), preventable injuries and alcohol-related diseases. Deaths from not avoidable causes were also analysed. The analysis of time trends in the death rates and calculation of the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for the overall trend were performed with joint-point models. The contribution of changes in mortality from avoidable causes to increase life expectancy during 1999–2017 and contribution of the difference in mortality from these causes to the difference in life expectancy between five countries and Sweden were based on the decomposition of temporary life expectancy between birth and age 75 [e(0-75)]. For the calculation of life expectancy, we used the classic Chiang method and the decomposition of life expectancy by the death causes and age was conducted with the Arriaga method. The AAPC of death rates from avoidable causes in 1999–2017 was similar in all the countries but Lithuania, where the decline started later. The decline in the death rates from not avoidable causes is much slower than the rates from avoidable causes. Mortality from treatable causes was decreasing faster than from preventable causes in most populations. In 1999–2017, the average rate of mortality decline for preventable cancer was greater among men than among women, while for treatable cancer the sex-related differences were much smaller and in favour of women. As for preventable and treatable death from DCS, their decrease was faster among women than men in all the countries but Sweden. Improvements in mortality from causes that could be avoided through prevention or treatment made substantial positive contributions to the overall change in life expectancy in all the countries. The differences in temporary life expectancy e(0-75) between the analysed Central European countries and Sweden were much smaller in 2017 than in 1999, due to the reduction of the gap in mortality from avoidable causes. Our results show that among men, and to a lesser extent among women, mortality from preventable causes contributes more than mortality from causes that can be effectively treated to shorter life expectancy in the countries of Central Europe than in Sweden. \u0000This indicates that in reducing the health gap between the inhabitants of Central Europe and Western Europe, the healthcare system should consider disease prevention even to a greater extent than just treating them.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46714540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regularities in the gender gap in life expectancy at birth in European post-communist countries","authors":"T. Michalski, W. Szymańska","doi":"10.33119/sd.2020.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33119/sd.2020.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to find patterns in the gender gap in life expectancy at birth in European post-communist countries. The analysis covers the years 1990–2018. Larger differences occur in the countries of the former USSR, smaller ones on the Balkan Peninsula. Belonging to the USSR (larger gap) and the Ottoman Empire (smaller gap) in the past has a great influence of the gender gap. In half of the analysed countries, the gender gap decreased. In a quarter, after an initial increase, there was also a decrease in the gender gap (some countries of the former USSR). Moreover, in a quarter of the countries, these changes were ambiguous (some countries on the Balkan Peninsula). One can see here the impact of an improving economic situation of the population. An attempt to link the gender gap and life expectancy with the ’homo-sovieticus’ requires further research.","PeriodicalId":85596,"journal":{"name":"Studia demograficzne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45399380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}