Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Study of Micro Albuminuria and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Shendi Town, Sudan: Case Control Based Study","authors":"Safa Ahmed Ali, Mutaz lbrahim Hassan, Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher, G. M. Mahjaf, B. M. T. Gorish, Abdalwahab Abdeen Saeed, RahmaAbdo Ahmed Osman, Waha Ismail Yahia Abdelmula","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4220","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disorder that can lead to diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease around the world. \u0000Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare microalbuminuria and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus to healthy normal controls in Shendi, Sudan. \u0000Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Shendi, Sudan. Between June and October of 2021 This study included 50 participants, 30 of whom had clinically confirmed diabetes as cases and 20 who appeared to be healthy as controls. In this study, blood and random urine samples were collected from each case and control, and the levels of microalbuminuria and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) were estimated using an A25 chemistry analyzer and an Ichroma immuno-analyzer, respectively. The data was collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20. \u0000Results: In our study, patients had higher mean microalbuminuria than controls (26.438.2 vs 11.4 9.2 mg/l, P value = 0.000). This study found a significant increase in mean hemoglobin A1C levels in the case group compared to the control group (7.382.2 vs5.7 0.76% P value = 0.001). Our findings also revealed that there was no relationship between microalbuminuria and disease duration. \u0000Conclusions: Microalbuminuria levels were higher when compared to controls. In comparison to the control group, HbA1c levels were higher. Microalbuminuria and patient age had a weak positive correlation in our study group.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82875993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Croton zambesicus Muell. Arg Seed Extract","authors":"M. Ibrahim, Doha E. Fadlalla, Hiba E. Elkhalifa, M. E. Ahmed, Salwa A. M. Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4216","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Croton zambesicus Muell. Arg seed extract and fractions (Family: Euphorbiaceae). The antioxidant property was assessed by testing for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Potential antioxidant activity was presented by methanolic extract. C. zambesicus showed high DPPH value (83.21 ± 0.05). Crude extract was fractionated using separation funnel, the five fractions were obtained are hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water which represented antioxidant activities equal to 46.2 ± 0.1349, 45.1 ± 0.0116, 49.9 ± 0.0337, 40.45 ± 0.2290 and 62.7 ± 0.0006 respectively.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75718404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Insulin Resistance among Obese People at Shendi Locality, Sudan","authors":"Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher, M. O. Khalid, G. M. Mahjaf, B. M. T. Gorish, Haghamad Allzain","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2215","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin resistance (IR) is an essential factor in the etiology of type2 diabetes and is likewise related to a big range of different pathophysiologic sequelae along with hypertension, hyperlipidemia. we carried out this cross-sectional examination to the evaluation of insulin resistance in obese people. A total of 60 obese people 20% males and 80% female were divided into 4 groups overweight (20.0%), obesity class1(36.6%), obesity class2(16.6%), and obesity class3(26.6%). Blood samples were obtained from each participant and analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG) as well as insulin levels. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The results showed a positive correlation between insulin resistance and insulin levels (mean 1.1+0.91, 7.1+10.1, r=0.490, P. value= 0.0001 respectively). There was no correlation between insulin resistance and FBG (mean 1.1+0.91, 75.7+10.9, r=0.52, P. value = 0.691 respectively). The analysis also showed a significant positive correlation between insulin resistance and Waist-to-hip Ratio (WHR) (mean 1.1+0.91,0.92+.14, r=0.287, P. value =0.026 respectively). Additionally, there was no correlation between insulin resistance and BMI (mean 1.1+.91,36.6+9.92, r= 0.122, P. value =0.351 respectively). There was no correlation between insulin resistance and age (mean 1.1+.91, 30 +8.68, r=-0.154, P. value = 0.30 respectively). The analysis also showed a significant between insulin resistance and gender, males (mean 0.85+1.26) and females (mean 1.1+.91,0.64+0.97) which P. value=0.031. We conclude that insulin resistance in obesity has a positive correlation with fasting insulin levels and waist-to-hip ratio. Insulin resistance was more prevalent in males more than in females.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88263245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphorus Status Involvement during COVID-19 Infection","authors":"Abdallah El Ali, Mohamed Ahmed, Somia Mohammed Suliman, I. A. Karti, Haidar Eltayeb Saleh","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is associated with a weak immune system in the human body. Vitamin D plays a role in the body’s immune system and is known to enhance the function of immune cells. In this case, vitamin D inhibits some of the inflammation that can make COVID-19 more severe. The is study aims to determine the serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus in COVID-19 patients. \u0000Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted during the period from January 2021 to July 2021. 50 COVID-19 patients as a case study and 50 healthy individuals as a control group were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from the study group and measured for vitamin D using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Calcium and phosphate were measured by the Cobas 6000 fully automated analyzer (Roche, Germany). \u0000Results:  The study result showed that in COVID-19 patients, vitamin D (27 ± 5 ng/mL), p-value = 0.000, and calcium (10.2 ± 4 mg/dL), p-value = 0.000, in comparison with control. There was a correlation between vitamin D (r = -.771; p =.000) and calcium (r = -.752; p =.000) and the severity of disease. \u0000Conclusions: According to our research, vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of developing COVID-19 and the risk of developing severe illnesses.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82315258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crinum glaucum Bulb Extract Improves the Lipid Profile of Endotoxin-Induced Wistar Rats","authors":"O. Ogunrinola, Rahmon Kanmodi, Gideon A. Adeyemo, Oluwaseyi A. Ogunrinola, Kehinde Oladoke Olatunji, A. O. Fayemi, Amaka J. Sunday, O. Adu, B. Elemo","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2211","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Medicinal plants are widely known as sources of potential that are used in traditional medicine. The effect of Crinum glaucum (C. glaucum) aqueous extract on the lipid profile of endotoxin-induced rats was evaluated. \u0000Methodology: Fifty Wistar rats (male and female) were divided randomly into five groups (n = 5). Group 1 is the control group. Group 2 was administered C. glaucum aqueous extract (1000 mg/kg body weight). Group 3 was endotoxin-induced with 1 ml/kg body weight single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 hours. Group 4 was given LPS (4 hours) and treated with C. glaucum aqueous extract. Group 5 was administered C. glaucum aqueous extract, LPS, and C. glaucum aqueous extract. At the end of administration, blood and organs (brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney) were harvested for the lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid) assay analysis using a spectrophotometric method. \u0000Results: The reduction of cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentrations is the hallmark of endotoxin, as revealed in this study. While C. glaucum administration significantly (p<0.05) reduced cholesterol concentrations, there was an up- or down-regulation of triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations in the male compartments compared to the control. A similar trend was observed in the female compartment. Data also revealed that while LPS causes a reduction in lipid profiles, the administration of C. glaucum reverses the effect. \u0000Conclusion: The findings of the research suggest that C. glaucum has an ameliorative and therapeutic effect in improving lipid dysfunctions.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89817093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling and GC-MS Analysis of the Methanol Extract of Anthocleista grandiflora Wood Bark","authors":"H. Sunday, Abdullahi H. Sadiya, Ashikaa, B. Ande, Ejiogu C. Ikedi, Madugu N. Hauwa","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i2210","url":null,"abstract":"The plant, Anthocleista grandiflora is a member of the family Gentianaceae and commonly known as the “forest fever tree” used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments. Its methanol bark extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis using standard methods and the presence of bioactive compounds was determined using Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results showed the presence of flavonoids in high amount, saponins and cardiac glycosides in moderate amount while tannins, phenols, terpenoids and steroids were present in low amounts. Test for alkaloids, glycosides, anthroquinones, pholobatannins and anthrocyannins showed that they were however absent. GC-MS analysis showed plenty bioactive compounds in which Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (45%) and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (43%) were most prevalent. These findings supports its current use by some locals to treat stomach ulcer and further portrays it as having great potential in the treatment of myriads of diseases.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80616214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotourism Development in Sampangan Muncar Beach Banyuwangi","authors":"Ani Mulyasuryani, E. Waluyo, Y. P. Prananto, E. Indrayani","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1209","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to provide counseling on waste management and preservation of the coastal environment to support the development of ecotourism around Sampangan Beach as well as education using the pyrolysis method in waste management. \u0000Study Design: To address the trash and ecotourism issues at Sampangan Beach, a pyrolysis device and a 3D model of the ecotourism beach were created. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted at Sampangan Beach which is located in Sampangan Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency in June 2022 until July 2022. \u0000Methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach by taking data through surveys to obtain facts from existing symptoms. Field observations and surveys of locals and visitors were conducted in preparation to ascertain the field circumstances at Sampangan Beach before constructing ecotourism beach tools and designs. Additionally, observations are done to learn about the issues, difficulties, and opportunities existing at the site. In addition, researchers read up on pyrolysis machinery and beach design in the literature. Waste management is carried out using the pyrolysis method. The population of this study is the apparatus of villages, environmental management, and communities living directly adjacent to coastal areas. \u0000Results: Based on the analysis using a qualitative approach and waste management using the pyrolysis method, the results of the process of burning plastic waste using a pyrolysis tool are influenced by the type of plastic and the temperature of the reactor combustion. Pyrolysis combustion using 3 kg of LPG gas can be used in 3-4 waste-burning cycles, so this method is very good for reducing plastic waste, especially in the coastal area of Muncar Banyuwangi. As well as coastal communities with livelihoods as fishermen can reduce the cost of purchasing diesel by replacing fuel pyrolysis fuel when to catch fish. This 3D model concept that has been compiled follows the style of arranging places such as the beaches in Banyuwangi to increase tourist attraction and increase public comfort when traveling on Sampangan Beach.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77021563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Thermodynamic Characterization of β amylase from Dioscorea alata L.","authors":"M. A. fadunsin, O. Ebuehi, I. Akande, A. O. Kolawole","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1208","url":null,"abstract":"β-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.2) is a starch hydrolyzing enzyme fondly used in foods, pharmaceuticals, and brewing industries to convert starch into maltose. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties, as well as the potential industrial use of β-amylase from Dioscorea alata L. Studying the enzyme stability with Arrhenius methods, showed that the enzyme was stable at a temperature range of 20–500C, and had good pH stability by retaining over 50 % of its initial activity over a wide range of pH from 4 – 8 and kinetic stability by increasing the half-life of the enzyme. The activation energy (Ea) for catalysis by water yam β-amylase at 250C was 6.45kcal/mol. The activation energy (Ea), half-life, free energy change (ΔG‡), enthalpy change (ΔH‡), and entropy change (ΔS‡) for inactivation at optimum temperature (400C) and pH 5 were 13.92 kcal/mol, 41.25 min, 20.89 kcal/mol, 13.30 kcal/mol and -24.25 cal/mol/K respectively. Km and Vmax values were reduced from 2.25 to 2.13mg/ml and 2.95 to 1.48 µmol/min/ml respectively. The optimum pH shifted from 5 to 6, while the Optimum temperature increased from 40 to 500C after immobilization. Enzyme retained up to 67 % activity after 5 cycles. The enzyme would be of importance in manufacturing companies based on the kinetics and application features reported in this study since it is a cheap and readily available source.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90706673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perturbation of Sex Hormones by Potassium Bromate and Preventive Effect of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Seed","authors":"C. Iwuoha, E. Ezirim, C. A. Onyeaghala, S. Orji, C. Ugwu, C. Igwenyi, C. Uche, I. Abali, O. N. Onyekachi, M. U. Nwobodo, F. Agu, N. Chika-Igwenyi, A. I. Airaodion","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1203","url":null,"abstract":"Background: African locust bean is used for medicinal purposes in African countries for the treatment of various diseases. However, no study has reported its ameliorative effect on sex hormones perturbations. This study, therefore, sought to investigate its preventive effect against potassium bromate-induced perturbation of sex hormones. \u0000Methodology: African locust bean was extracted with soxhlet extractor with ethanol as the solvent. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were acclimatized under laboratory conditions and were randomly grouped into A, B, C and D. Group A was given distilled water orally. Animals in groups B, C and D were administered 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate, but groups C and D were also treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of African locust bean respectively. Both potassium bromate and African locust bean were freshly prepared on daily basis and administered to rats by oral gavage. After 28 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed under mild diethyl ether anaesthetization 24 hours after cessation of last treatment and blood was collected through cardiac puncture. \u0000Results: Analyses showed that KBrO3 significantly reduced the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone but elevated the levels of prolactin and estradiol when compared with those in the control group. However, groups treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of African locust bean in conjunction with KBrO3 resisted these perturbations. \u0000Conclusion: In this study potassium bromate increased the levels of estradiol which has been known to inhibit sex hormones. This effect of estradiol on sex hormones; LH, FSH and testosterone is further evidenced by the results of this study. The potential benefit of the African locust bean in the amelioration of perturbation of sex hormones is brought to the fore by the findings of this research.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84328248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Antiplasmodial and Haemolytic Activities of Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei Used to Treat Malaria in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"K. Tuo, S. Beourou, K. Silué, A. Djaman, A. Coulibaly, A. Touré","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i1202","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria constitutes one of the biggest health problems in tropical Africa due to the resistance of human malaria parasites to anti-malarial compounds. Research focused on plants used in traditional medicine to treat malaria is still a viable alternative for the creation of novel anti-malarial drugs. This study evaluated extracts from three medicinal plants, Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei, used in traditional medicine in Côte d’Ivoire, for in vitro antiplasmodial activities. SYBR GREEN fluorescence method was used to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the extracts, chloroquine, artesunate and quinine against Plasmodium falciparum field isolates and two laboratory strains of Plasmodium falciparum: the chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and the chloroquine resistant Dd2. In comparison to plant extracts, chloroquine, quinine, and artesunate were chosen as reference antimalarials. In addition, the haemolytic activity of extracts showing good antiplasmodial activity was evaluated. The IC50 and the corresponding correlation coefficients were determined graphically, using In vitro Analysis and Reporting Tool (IVART) software of WWARN (Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network). Results showed that no plant was active with the hexanolic extract. Trema orientalis had moderate activity with the methanolic extract with activities ranging from 14.46µg/mL to 28.32µg/mL. Cnestis ferruginea was active with the decoction extracts with activities ranging from 11.78µg/mL to 13.94µg/mL. Dialium dinklagei was active with both methanolic and aqueous extracts ranging from 12.80µg/mL to 21.67µg/mL. There was less than 1% hemolysis at the concentration of 200 µg/mL of plant extracts. These results validate the reported traditional use of Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei for malaria treatment in Côte d’Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85314005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}