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Disordering Gender Identity 性别认同紊乱
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2006-02-03 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n03_03
A. Lev
{"title":"Disordering Gender Identity","authors":"A. Lev","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n03_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n03_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The inclusion of Gender Identity Disorder and Transvestic Fetishism in a psychiatric diagnostic nosology is a complex topic that is best understood within the larger context of the history and politics of diagnostic classification systems. The diagnostic labeling of gender-variant individuals with a mental illness is a topic of growing controversy within the medical and psychotherapeutic professions and among many civil rights advocates. An overview of both sides of this controversy is outlined, highlighting questions about the potential damage caused by using psychiatric diagnoses to label sexual behaviors and gender expressions that differ from the norm, and the ethical dilemmas of needing a psychiatric diagnosis to provide legitimacy for transsexuals' right to attain necessary medical treatments. The author reviews the use of diagnostic systems as a tool of social control; the conflation of complex issues of gender identity, emotional distress, sexual desire, and social nonconformity; the reification of sexist ideologies in the DSM; the clinical and treatment implications of diagnosing gender for “gatekeepers”; and some recommendations for GID reform.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"35 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n03_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66459008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 115
Politics versus Science 政治与科学
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2006-02-03 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n03_09
Peggy J. Kleinplatz, C. Moser
{"title":"Politics versus Science","authors":"Peggy J. Kleinplatz, C. Moser","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n03_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n03_09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors respond to Robert L. Spitzer's and Paul Jay Fink's discussion of their paper, “DSM-IV-TR and the Paraphilias: An Argument for Removal.” They note that Spitzer and Fink do not dispute their analysis of the problems with the DSM-IV-TR criteria for paraphilias nor do they suggest any solutions to the problems they identified. The authors go on to state the political and media reaction to the unauthorized distribution when their earlier paper was presented at the May 2003 meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). They note that conservative organizations flagrantly misrepresented their statements and intents, the symposium where the paper was presented, and the APA itself. Specifically, it was alleged that the authors were defending pedophilia or at minimum, advocated the decriminalization of child sexual abuse. However, these points were specifically discussed and refuted clearly in the earlier paper. The result of this political conservative misrepresentation was that the focus of the debate shifted; the substance of the original paper, that is, the real flaws in the Paraphilia section, was ignored. The authors suggest that perhaps the main reason for keeping the Paraphilia category in the DSM is public opinion rather than science. This is at odds with the APA claim that the DSM is a dispassionate, scientific document with an empirical basis. The authors feel that all those who are concerned about the scientific basis of psychiatry should be watching these events.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"135 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n03_09","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66459477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Sexual and Gender Diagnoses of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) 诊断与统计手册(DSM)的性与性别诊断
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2006-02-03 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n03_01
D. Karasic, J. Drescher
{"title":"Sexual and Gender Diagnoses of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)","authors":"D. Karasic, J. Drescher","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n03_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n03_01","url":null,"abstract":"We were intrigued when Eli Coleman, Editor of the Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, invited us to prepare an edited volume re-evaluating the sexual and gender disorders of the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). The DSM is currently in its fourth edition (APA, 2000) and the APA anticipates publishing a fifth edition, the DSM-V, in the next decade. APA has already begun to organize work groups to articulate contemporary psychiatry’s conceptual frameworks for the next edition (Kupfer, First and Rgier, 2002; Phillips, First and Pincus, 2003). At times like these, when our diagnostic manual is being updated, the consideration of what is and is not a psychiatric disorder provides opportunities for we psychiatrists","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n03_01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66458842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders 性与性别认同障碍
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2006-02-03 DOI: 10.1300/J056V17N03_06
R. Spitzer
{"title":"Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders","authors":"R. Spitzer","doi":"10.1300/J056V17N03_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056V17N03_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author responds to Hill et al.'s “Gender Identity Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: A Critical Inquiry” and Moser and Kleinplatz's “DSM-IV-TRand the Paraphilias: An Argument for Removal.” The author sees the paper as raising the issue of whether there are any cases for which sexual and gender identity diagnoses are appropriate. The author believes a central issue is how does one decide that something is just unusual (normal variation) or something is disordered (pathological). The author believes the concept of “medical disorder” can be applied to human behavior and gives examples to support that view. The author supports an essentialist view that some “things” (like being human and modes of sexual expression) have properties or qualities that are invariable and represent the true essence of the “thing.” From this perspective, the author finds the arguments for eliminating the categories of GID and paraphilias from the DSM as weak at best.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"111 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056V17N03_06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66458936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
How Does a “Risk Group” Perceive Risk? “风险组”如何感知风险?
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2005-07-21 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n01_05
J. Busza
{"title":"How Does a “Risk Group” Perceive Risk?","authors":"J. Busza","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Throughout the HIV/AIDS epidemic, female sex workers have been identified as a “risk group” and interventions developed to reduce their behavioral risk-taking. Both individual and structural level programs continue to target “risks” such as multiple partners and lack of condom use. Sex workers themselves, however, are likely to view their experiences more holistically, perceiving a range of risks within their work. This paper presents qualitative data from a participatory study conducted with brothel-based migrant Vietnamese sex workers in Cambodia, illuminating one community's perceptions of the sex industry. It argues that design and implementation of effective HIV prevention activities must be based on sex workers' own interpretations and responses to risk, using them as a realistic entry point for effecting change. Actively engaging with sex workers through participatory research and projects offers the first step in shifting the current epidemiological focus toward identifying feasible, context-specific risk-reduction strategies.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"65 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n01_05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66458107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Exploring Commercial Sex Encounters in an Urban Community Sample of Gay and Bisexual Men 在城市社区同性恋和双性恋男性样本中探索商业性接触
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2005-07-21 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n01_12
Juline A. Koken, J. Parsons, J. Severino, D. Bimbi
{"title":"Exploring Commercial Sex Encounters in an Urban Community Sample of Gay and Bisexual Men","authors":"Juline A. Koken, J. Parsons, J. Severino, D. Bimbi","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n01_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n01_12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prior research on gay and bisexual men who are paid for sex has been shaped by the bias towards sampling street-based men. Fewer studies have sampled men who pay for sex, and fewer still have attempted to identify men who report both paying and being paid for sex. The goal of this study was to obtain a descriptive “snapshot” of commercial sex encounters (CSEs) in a sexually active community sample of gay and bisexual men. Men completed a brief survey at a series of gay community events. Nearly half of the men reported paying for and/or having been paid for sex. Respondents who had been paid for sex were younger, more likely to be HIV positive, and reported more unsafe sex and substance use than non-CSE experienced men. Those who had paid or been paid for sex in the previous three months reported greater sexual risk behaviors than those who had not. These findings indicate that CSE experienced men remain a group at risk for infection or transmission of HIV and other STIs, as well as substance use or abuse. Implications for intervention are discussed.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"182 1","pages":"197 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n01_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66458297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Researching the World's Oldest Profession 研究世界上最古老的职业
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2005-07-21 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n01_01
J. Parsons
{"title":"Researching the World's Oldest Profession","authors":"J. Parsons","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"This volume presents eleven papers which represent contemporary research into the world of commercial sex. Social scientists from a number of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and public health, have explored varied facets of sex work. Diversity is the emphasis of this volume. Diverse methodological approaches, including targeted sampling, qualitative and quantitative interviews, ethnographic interviews with key informants, using sex workers as recruiters, and quasi-experimental intervention designs are featured. For many years, the focus of sex work research was on street-based male and female sex workers, and recently many investigations have focused on HIV-related risks, typically in terms of the risks that sex workers pose to their clients. Certainly, some of the papers in this publication continue to try and better understand HIV risk among street-based sex workers. However, there is also a focus on other types of sex workers, such as escorts, call girls, and those who work in massage parlors, bars/nightclubs, cantinas, and brothels. Further, although many of the articles do emphasize sexual risk practices related to HIV, most of the","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n01_01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66457744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
HIV Seroprevalence and Risk Behaviors Among Transgendered Women Who Exchange Sex in Comparison with Those Who Do Not 变性妇女与非变性妇女交换性行为的HIV血清感染率和危险行为比较
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2005-07-21 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n01_02
C. Reback, E. Lombardi, P. Simon, Douglas M. Frye
{"title":"HIV Seroprevalence and Risk Behaviors Among Transgendered Women Who Exchange Sex in Comparison with Those Who Do Not","authors":"C. Reback, E. Lombardi, P. Simon, Douglas M. Frye","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many transgendered women face social, cultural, and economic challenges that result in their reliance on exchange sex to secure needed items. This study compares the HIV seroprevalence and risk behaviors of transgendered women who exchanged sex with those who did not. Of the 244 transgendered women interviewed, those who exchanged sex comprised 58.2% of the sample and were younger (p < .001), less educated (p < .001), and less likely to have or seek health care (p < .001). HIV seroprevalence was higher in those who exchanged sex than those who did not (26.1% versus 16.7%). Those who exchanged sex reported more casual sex partners and were more likely to report sex while high on alcohol and/or drugs, but were also more likely to report condom use. In the multivariate analysis, exchange sex was not associated with increased HIV seroprevalance, but substance use during sex and African-American race were associated with increased seroprevalance. These findings highlight the importance of examining the sexual lives and social circumstances of transgendered women and the necessity of integrating substance abuse treatment into HIV prevention settings.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"22 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n01_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66457899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
The Connections of Mental Health Problems, Violent Life Experiences, and the Social Milieu of the “Stroll” with the HIV Risk Behaviors of Female Street Sex Workers 心理健康问题、暴力生活经历、“漫步”社会环境与女性街头性工作者HIV危险行为的关系
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2005-07-21 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n01_03
H. Surratt, S. Kurtz, J. Weaver, J. Inciardi
{"title":"The Connections of Mental Health Problems, Violent Life Experiences, and the Social Milieu of the “Stroll” with the HIV Risk Behaviors of Female Street Sex Workers","authors":"H. Surratt, S. Kurtz, J. Weaver, J. Inciardi","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the connections of mental health, victimization, and sexual risk behaviors among a sample of 278 street-based female sex workers in Miami. Using targeted sampling strategies, drug-using sex workers were recruited into an HIV prevention research program. Data were collected by trained interviewers, and focused on drug use and sexual risk for HIV, childhood abuse, recent victimization, and mental health. More than half of the participants reported histories of physical (51.1%) or sexual (53.1%) abuse as children, 37.4% were classified with moderate or severe anxiety symptoms, and 52.9% had symptoms of moderate or severe depression. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant associations between mental health issues and engagement in recent unprotected vaginal and oral sex. The program development and policy implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"17 1","pages":"23 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66458025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 79
Self-Reported Use of Health Services, Contact with Police and Views About Sex Work Organizations Among Male Sex Workers in Cordoba, Argentina 阿根廷科尔多瓦男性性工作者自我报告的保健服务使用情况、与警察的联系情况以及对性工作组织的看法
Journal of psychology & human sexuality Pub Date : 2005-07-21 DOI: 10.1300/J056v17n01_11
C. Disogra, R. Mariño, V. Minichiello
{"title":"Self-Reported Use of Health Services, Contact with Police and Views About Sex Work Organizations Among Male Sex Workers in Cordoba, Argentina","authors":"C. Disogra, R. Mariño, V. Minichiello","doi":"10.1300/J056v17n01_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v17n01_11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A total of 31 male sex workers recruited in Cordoba, Argentina, completed a questionnaire about the use and barriers to the use of health services, contact with the police and perception about the need of sex workers organizations. The results reveal that the majority preferred to use public services for general and sexual health concerns. The most frequently identified barriers to use of health services were waiting time before consultation and opening hours. The majority agreed for the need of a sex workers organization to advocate on their behalf, particularly achieving decriminalization of sex work and providing sexual health information to sex workers. Many reported contact with police that was generally positive, although some concerns were raised. The paper discusses implications for public health measures aimed at promoting greater sexual safety in the male sex industry.","PeriodicalId":85015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & human sexuality","volume":"81 1","pages":"181 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J056v17n01_11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66458161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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