International journal of mass emergencies and disasters最新文献

{"title":"Resilience to hazards overlapping a pandemic: A shelter resource stabilization model","authors":"N. Hutton, Jennifer L. Whytlaw, Joshua Behr, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Taiwo C Olanrewaju Lasisi, Jennifer Marshall, Vicky Seiler Rimer","doi":"10.1177/02807270231173651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02807270231173651","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 and the resulting financial impacts had budget and workforce implications for organizations involved in emergency shelter provision. To address distancing and sanitation protocols as well as virus transmission and vaccination rates, shelter supplies, facility modifications, and staffing adjustments were needed. As funding and authorizations to implement public health guidance and stabilize the workforce expired, emergency managers had to determine whether to continue pandemic protocols. In order to understand these relationships, we conducted a workshop in September 2021 with 137 emergency managers, public health leaders, and other government and nonprofit practitioners from 20 states, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Canada to identify resource reallocation strategies utilized for sheltering from post-lockdown to post-vaccine periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied a fiscal recovery framework to explore how these operational changes were influenced by and have implications for fiscal and policy support as well as operational adaptability. Results show that as fiscal and policy support waned, some pandemic protocols were suspended, thereby shifting and reducing human and facility resource needs. Distancing protocols benefited from improvements in masking, vaccine, and testing availability without consistent mandates, but non-congregate shelter provision was reduced as authorizations and funding expired. Modified service contracts and increased utilization of special needs registries can realign resources with health and safety needs. Based on participant responses, we developed a Retractable Stabilization Model to indicate how shelter resources can be reallocated and supported by future policy interventions to provide a range of emergency sheltering options during pandemics and overlapping hazards.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"8 1","pages":"164 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88283163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dear friends of the International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters","authors":"W. Peacock, J. Carlee Purdum, Alex Greer, Sudha Arlikatti, Sky Huang, William Lovekamp, Michelle Meyer, Tristan Wu","doi":"10.1177/02807270231184212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02807270231184212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"15 1","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82065940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal impacts of pre-existing inequalities and social environmental changes on life recovery: Results of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake recovery studies","authors":"Shigeo Tatsuki, Fuminori Kawami","doi":"10.1177/02807270231171504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02807270231171504","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly 50 years of disaster research findings have been accumulated on how pre-existing vulnerability/inequality as well as post-event environmental changes affect the long-term recovery process. While most previous studies have been based on cross-sectional survey results, more recently, studies based on longitudinal surveys have been reported. By following the trajectories of individual recoveries, longitudinal studies allow for a more rigorous analysis of factors related to better recovery. They can also provide findings based on causal inference analysis with a higher level of evidence for factors affecting recovery. This article reviews the results from longitudinal studies conducted over a 10-year period after the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, respectively. The findings are integrated into two broad categories: (1) correlational studies, which investigated factors associated with specific patterns of recovery trajectories, such as stagnation, and (2) causal inference studies, in which evidence is provided on the effect of specific factors on better recovery trajectories. Based on these reviews, a refined model of long-term disaster recovery processes is proposed. The key point of the model illustrates that there are pre-existing vulnerabilities/inequalities and post-disaster social environmental changes that make a longitudinal impact upon both subjective and objective measures of individual and collective recovery. The current review showed such pre-existing vulnerability/inequality variables as smaller size households with older aged, female heads of the household, mental and/or physical health issues, disabilities, unemployment due to disaster, low income, and a lack of social support network. The review also extends domain-knowledge-based inferences to those individuals whose traits/characteristics were not overtly covered. Regarding post-disaster social environmental changes, the improvements in housing, physical and mental health, livelihood as well as community and personal social ties showed evidence to cause upward recovery trajectories. A case study of Chinese community recovery was presented as an example of how these predictor variables were acted upon. Finally, this article reviews how the introduction of disaster case management has accelerated the pace of housing reconstruction and closed the housing reconstruction gap between the haves and have-nots.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"93 1","pages":"94 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83339360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a federal portfolio approach for understanding complex climate events: Disruption, resilience, and recovery among small- and medium-sized businesses","authors":"A. Zycherman, J. Helgeson","doi":"10.1177/02807270231171505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02807270231171505","url":null,"abstract":"At the U.S. Department of Commerce, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate and Adaptation Partnerships (CAP) Program and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Community Resilience Program (CRP) collaborate on a portfolio of research projects, across national and regional scales that explore small- and medium-sized business (SMB) disruption and resilience to complex climate events. Some of the most significant costs associated with the impact of weather and climate disasters stem from disruptions experienced by SMBs, but the full extent of immediate and downstream impacts on communities can only be fully understood over time. The NOAA-NIST portfolio of projects uses social science framing to bridge federal research priorities that typically orient around specific hazards and risks, with sector-specific (i.e. SMBs) climate change resilience needs. This approach lends itself to a deeper understanding of complex climate events by focusing on cascading and compound events, including both acute and chronic exposures, as well as the broader social structures that formulate a variety of socio-economic stressors and that can exacerbate both vulnerability to impacts and recovery potential over time. In this commentary, we describe the development of the research portfolio and highlight the importance of the complex event framework and cross-agency cooperation in the federal approach to understanding and addressing climate change. This approach moves beyond considerations relevant to discrete risk types or events, to uncover the social and sectoral spaces in which conditions for impacts and recovery are formed and realized across multiple geographies and over time. Understanding the formulation of complex events, and in this demonstrative case how SMB operators across communities learn about and implement resilience measures, is key for effective and equitable climate services and building community resilience.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"76 1","pages":"39 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77434450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the results of a U.S.-based national resilient design education study in the field and the classroom during disaster recovery operations","authors":"Gavin Smith, Mai Thi Nguyen","doi":"10.1177/02807270231173656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02807270231173656","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the results of a study assessing the state of disaster resilient design education at U.S. colleges and universities including architecture, building sciences, land use planning, landscape architecture, and engineering. Based on our findings, we describe proposed future directions for resilient design education, including drawing lessons from a disaster recovery case study titled the Hurricane Matthew Disaster Recovery and Resilience Initiative (HMDRRI). This two-year student and faculty engagement effort assisted six hard-hit under-resourced communities based on a set of needs identified by participating jurisdictions that were not being addressed by governmental or non-profit agencies and organizations. Understood in the context of the study, HMDRRI has been used to address identified educational shortfalls found in our research and to further the goals of two graduate certificate programs advancing disaster resilience. The key aims of both programs are to build the skills required of the next generation of researchers and practitioners to better understand the complexities of disaster recovery and to apply that experiential knowledge to help improve disaster recovery processes and outcomes throughout their careers.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"148 1","pages":"150 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80632069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term housing recovery among Mexican immigrants: How service providers navigate racialized anti-immigrant disaster recovery policies","authors":"Melissa Villarreal","doi":"10.1177/02807270231171359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02807270231171359","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity. Much of the current disaster literature adopts a social vulnerability perspective, which considers how political, social, and economic factors influence pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster recovery. Even with this focus, however, there remains a dearth of literature on immigrant populations and their long-term recovery trajectories. This paper applies a racial formation framework to a disaster context. I seek to show how service providers from community-based organizations (CBOs) navigate racialized anti-immigrant disaster recovery policies to help the Mexican immigrant community in Houston, Texas with their long-term housing recovery after Hurricane Harvey. I conducted semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observations with service providers from CBOs located in Houston that serve this population with post-disaster housing. I argue that the disaster recovery system is comprised of racial structures and racialized anti-immigrant policies, passively and actively limiting the access to resources for the Mexican immigrant community. I found that to challenge the racial structures and racialized anti-immigrant policies of the disaster recovery system, service providers assist the community through direct assistance to Mexican immigrants excluded from other programs; collaboration with other organizations to combine limited resources; helping the community navigate racialized anti-immigrant bureaucracy; and building trust by embedding themselves in the victimized community. However, findings also show that these organizations face significant challenges in conducting their work. This research brings a much-needed theoretical expansion of race and racialization theories to disaster research.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"34 1","pages":"133 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88641663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open and shut: Identifying activity patterns by volunteer organizations active in disaster using space-time permutation scan statistics","authors":"Byron Ifediora, Bethany B. Cutts","doi":"10.1177/02807270231171629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02807270231171629","url":null,"abstract":"After a catastrophic flood, the pace of residential cleanup is an important precondition of community resilience. When the process is fast, cleanup reduces additional health or economic risks by preventing structural or electrical damage from escalating. Mobilizing volunteers to complete cleanup work quickly is a challenge that the U.S. Natural Disaster Recovery Framework has assigned to the nonprofit sector. Nonprofit coordination networks—such as those convened through volunteer organizations active in disaster (VOAD) in the United States—aim to create systems of communication that improve the efficiency and equity of post-disaster cleanup. However, the process of coordination and the conditions that encourage quick action remain understudied. The aim of this paper is to identify the impacts of network coordination on the timeline of post-disaster cleanup using geospatial analytics. To do this, we apply a space-time permutation scan statistic (STPSS) to data on the speed at which organizations from the North Carolina VOAD (NC VOAD) closed requests for volunteer assistance following Hurricane Florence in 2018. STPSS results identify clusters of requests that were filled at different speeds through space and time. In total, we identified six space-time clusters indicative of coordinated cleanup. Exploration of clustered data helps to generate new questions about why coordination sometimes happened months after the disaster and suggests ways to use data exploration to inform network function and to leverage the unique capacities of individual nonprofits while also prioritizing housing resilience in socially vulnerable communities.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135529157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climbing the Ladder Toward Security: Co-Creating a Safer Finland","authors":"H. Raisio, A. Puustinen, V. Valtonen","doi":"10.1177/028072702204000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702204000303","url":null,"abstract":"As disaster responses become more complex, there is a greater need to coordinate the activities of public authorities with business operators, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and citizen volunteers. To achieve the goal of improving disaster response, we recommend a process of “co-creation” where each of these groups is involved in planning disaster responses, and the roles of each group are clearly defined. This approach allows public authorities to take advantage of the experiences, resources, and ideas of these diverse groups. In turn, it allows groups outside of traditional government response structures the opportunity to contribute. The approach described here is being taken in Finland where it has been used to develop a comprehensive Security Strategy for Society (The Security Committee 2017). In response to this new approach, we organized eight regional forums involving a total of 188 people from the public sector and NGOs to discuss how co-creation occurs in planning safety and security functions and to discover what challenges are not being met.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"1 1","pages":"219 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72924717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bounce Rap as Resistance to Imposed Resilience","authors":"N. Baker","doi":"10.1177/028072702204000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702204000311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"111 1","pages":"248 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84899477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Subculture Can Save Lives","authors":"K. Engel, J. Warner, G. Frerks","doi":"10.1177/028072702204000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702204000310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"9 1","pages":"245 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74980509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}