Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Clopidogrel by Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System","authors":"A. Aparna","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3761","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) has been explored to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug clopidogrel. Materials and Methods: Different formulations were prepared using an oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant in varying ratios. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed to identify the self-nanoemulsification region. Further, the resultant formulations were investigated for clarity, phase separation, drug content, % transmittance, globule size, freeze-thaw method, in vitro dissolution studies, particle size analysis, and zeta potential. Results: On the basis of particle size, zeta potential and dissolution profile and other studies, F6 was found to be the best formulation of clopidogrel SNEDDS. The particle size of the emulsion is a crucial factor in self-emulsification performance because it determines the rate and extent of drug release as well as absorption. The particle size of the optimized SNEDDS formulation was found to be 5.2 nm and zeta potential was found to be ‒29 mV which comply with the requirement of the zeta potential for stability. The % release from optimized SNEDDS formulation F6 was highest (98.93%) and faster than other SNEDDS formulations and pure drug substance (32%) indicating influence of droplet size on the rate of drug dissolution. The faster dissolution from SNEDDS may be attributed to the fact that in this formulation, the drug is a solubilized form and on exposure to dissolution medium results in small droplet that can dissolve rapidly. Fourier transform infrared data revealed no physicochemical interaction between drug and excipients. Conclusion: Thus, clopidogrel with SNEDDS formulation may be used for the improvement of solubility and dissolution rate for the effective management of heart disease.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Solid Dispersions using Novel Carriers for Enhancement of Solubility","authors":"Abdullah Khan","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3765","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The main objective of the current study is to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drug flurbiprofen, a propionic acid derivative, used as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug by formulating into solid dispersion (SD) employing various hydrophilic polymers as carriers in the formulation. Materials and Methods: The solubility of drug in various polymers such as AQOAT AS, PVP-K30, hydroxypropryl methyl cellulose, Soluplus, and Kollidon VA 64 was studied. Total 15 SD formulations were prepared by solvent evaporation technique with different polymers and were evaluated for particle size analysis, % practical yield, drug content determination, and in vitro dissolution studies. Results: Based on the evaluation parameters and dissolution studies, SD6 was found to be optimized formulation. The SD6 prepared using flurbiprofen:AQOAT AS:sodium lauryl sulfate as drug:polymer:surfactant in 1:5:2 ratios showed maximum drug release of 99.86 in 15 min when compared with other formulation and the solubility of the formulation SD6 was enhanced 44 folds when compared to that of pure drug. Drug excipient compatibility studies were conducted using FTIR and XRD and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were also conducted. FTIR studies showed the compatibility between drug and polymers. XRD and SEM studies showed that the optimized formulation was in amorphous form which fetched in better dissolution of the drug from the SD formulation when compared to the pure drug. Conclusion: This indicates the formulation technology employed with a potential of enhancing bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug by improving its dissolution rate.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44029388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihypertension Medication Usage Pattern and Predictors of Evidence-based Medication among Hypertension patients","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3760","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite substantial guidelines on the effective management of hypertension, many studies demonstrated an underutilization of evidence-based medicine (EBM) for the treatment of hypertension patients. This study aimed to evaluate the antihypertension therapy and the impact of patients’ specific predictors on the utilization of EBM among hypertension patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study designed to investigate the prescribing trends and patient’s factors (predictors) affecting the utilization of antihypertensive medications. Patients’ factors included age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, and concurrent medical conditions. The study was conducted using a purpose-developed data collection form to assemble the patient’s information. Results: A total of 170 hypertensive patients, comprising 83 males (48.82%) and 87 females (51.18%) were selected as subjects for this study. The findings suggested that the mean age of our study population was 59.32 years and 70% of them had two to three comorbidities. It was established that 98.8% of the patients had chronic kidney disease and 35.3% of them were in Stage V. Diuretics were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive class under monotherapy. Conclusion: This study evaluated antihypertension medications usage pattern and patients’ predictors affecting utilization of antihypertension medications among hypertension patients.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48388809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-perceived Barriers to Rehabilitation at Physical Therapy Clinics: A Qualitative Insight","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V14I03.3763","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted to investigate patients perceived barriers to rehabilitation. Methods: A qualitative study was designed using grounded theory and inductive approach that included a semi-structured interview checklist concerning patients’ perceived barriers to physical therapy service. The transcript was analyzed using ATLAS.ti software and a thematic analysis was conducted. Codes were generated and analyzed by semantic linkages and network analysis. Results: A total of five themes were identified from qualitative analysis, namely, “treatment results pain,” “out-of-pocket expenditure,” “low perceived value for money,” “unavailability of caregiver,” and “unavailability of the therapist.” Conclusion: Apart from the barriers identified, a novel finding was the perception of intergender treatment as a barrier by female patients. This phenomenon not only has social implications that may contribute adversely to clinical goals for that patient.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43725461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Binding Effect of Extracted Mucilage from Bombax ceiba Plant Flower Petals for Tablet Formulation","authors":"Santosh Bhadkariya","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3716","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The objective of the present investigation was to extract the mucilage from flower petals of Bombax ceiba and explore its use as a promising excipient for Pharmaceutical preparation. The natural polymers have constantly a remarkable property which makes them particular from synthetic polymer and B. ceiba flower mucilage is one such model that shows increasingly important properties making it a helpful excipient for a wide scope of utilizations. Materials and Methods: The flowers of B. ceiba were collected from the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior region of India and were authenticated at the Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad, U.P (Authentication voucher No. B.S.I/C.R.C/TECH./2018-19/559 with Accession No. 103976). B. ceiba flower petals mucilage is isolated by the microwave-assisted method and tablet prepared by experimental runs was designed by Design Expert 10.0.1 (Stat Ease. Inc.) software following full factorial method. 32 full factorial designs were applied for examining two variables (factors) at three levels with a minimum of nine runs. The tablets containing paracetamol as main active constituent were prepared with by a wet granulation method using isolated mucilage in different composition (F1-F9) or starch (F10) or PVP K 30 (F11) as internal binder. Results: The flow properties of the drug excipients mixture were studied in term of bulk density; tapped density; car’s index; and angle of repose to establish the flow property reflect the appropriateness of formulation. All tablet formulations batch evaluated for post-compression parameters have shown acceptable and within the Pharmacopoeial limits of results. The release characteristics of formulations were studied using tablet dissolution test apparatus is paddle type (USP type II) at 50 rpm. The cumulative percent drug release of formulations, i.e., F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, and F11 was 91.31%, 92.67%, 94.22%, 88.83%, 90.36%, 91.11%, 90.54%, 92.11%, 93.98%, 78.66%, and 80.36%, respectively, in 60 min. The result justified that the effect of optimized formulation F3 is significantly more effective than starch and similar effect as synthetic polymer. Conclusions: The results suggest that B. ceiba mucilage could be useful as an alternative binding agent in tablets with better mechanical properties and release profile.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47963432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Incidents Associated with Outpatient Computerized Prescribing Systems","authors":"K. A. Khan","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3683","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A medication incident is any avertable event that may lead or cause to improper medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health-care professional, consumer, or patient. Professional practice, procedure, drug products, and systems may be related to medicated incidents. Objective: The main purpose of this study is to investigate these incidents such as types of prescribing errors, evaluate the occurrence of drug-drug interactions, and assess the rationality of e-prescription orders of outpatient. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between September 2019 and December 2019, to report the causes, frequency, and types of errors associated with outpatient computer-generated prescriptions, and to develop a framework to categorize these errors to determine which strategies have immense potential for preventing them. Three hundred thirty-nine patient’s prescriptions were included in the study over a period of 12 weeks and the data were collected from the outpatient pharmacy of different hospitals. Results and Discussion: It is observed that as an average, six drugs per prescription were prescribed. We observed 29 prescriptions are containing incomplete patient information that is 8.6% of prescriptions. We observed the majority of prescriptions were contain more than five drugs that are found in 159 prescriptions; around 47% of prescriptions are having more than five drugs. The current investigation focuses on the crucial character of the pharmacist in the prevention of medication errors or committed by physicians while ordering the e-prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulation of Apoptosis in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line by Whole Plant Ethanolic Extract of Enicostemma axillare through Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathway","authors":"K. Gunasekaran","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3682","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: With the increasing level of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the associated toxicity of these therapies, the uses of plant-based compounds are gaining importance. This study was done to prove the apoptotic potential of Enicostemma axillare in breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was performed involving the treatment of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cells for 24 h with ethanolic extract of E. axillare (EEEA) and doxorubicin to assess the cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was done to assess cytotoxicity, ethidium bromide (EtBr) and acridine orange (AO) assay was done to assess nuclear morphology of apoptotic cells and the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis – Bad, Bcl2, Bax, CytoC, Caspase 3, 8, and 9 were analyzed by western blotting. The data are expressed as mean±SEM. Results and Discussion: IC50 value for EEEA is 12.5 μg/ml, whereas for doxorubicin is 1 μg/ml. A significant increased level of LDH release is seen in treated groups. EEEA and doxorubicin decrease cell viability. In AO/EtBr staining, the live cells of the EEEA treatment were similar to that of the doxorubicin. Cells stained green represent viable cells, whereas bright red staining represents late apoptotic cells. EEEA down-regulated the expression of Bcl2 (antiapoptotic protein) and up-regulated the expression of Bad and Bax (proapoptotic proteins) in MCF-7 cell line compared to control cells. In this study, EEEA treatment significantly increased the protein expression of caspase-3, 8, and 9 compared to control. Conclusions: Our finding showed that EEEA induces extrinsic and intrinsic pathway mediated apoptosis. Thus, E. axillare raises new hope for its use in breast cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42801844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tannic Acid on Cisplatin-Induced Changes in Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymer Turnover in Rat Liver and Thymocyte Nuclei","authors":"A. Asatryan","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3688","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Cisplatin is a powerful antineoplastic drug widely used in the therapy of cancer patients. To attenuate undesirable side effects of the drug, chemotherapeutic regimens are employed based on the use of antioxidant supplementation. The goal of the present study is the examination of the impact of cotreatment with cisplatin and tannic acid (TA) on key members involved in poly(ADP-ribose) polymer (pPARr) turnover in rat liver and thymocyte nuclei, i.e., poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP 1) activity, poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase (PARG), and NAD+ content. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed in four groups: Control group, treated with cisplatin, tannic acid, and cotreated with tannic acid and cisplatin. The drugs were injected intra-peritoneal. Animals were treated according to regulations of National Centre of Bioethics (Armenia). Cell nuclei were isolated according to standard procedure. PARP 1 activity was evaluated by NAD+ consumption. PARG protein was estimated by sandwich Elisa method. Data are expressed as mean ± s.d. Statistical differences in the results between groups were evaluated by the Student’s t-test. A probability (P) value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Key Results: Cisplatin and tannic acid displayed hepatotoxic effects in rat liver in 48 h after treatment. Although treatment of rats either with cisplatin or TA downregulated NAD+ and PARG content in liver nuclei, the drugs exhibited oppositely directed effects on PARP 1 activity. Cotreatment with cisplatin and TA-stimulated PARP 1 activity in liver nuclei did not affect the basal level of NAD+ and prevented drastic decrease in PARG protein level. Conclusions: Cisplatin-induced inhibition of PARP 1 activity, NAD+, and PARG content in liver nuclei were eliminated after cotreatment of rats with tannic acid.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Ferula Caspica Dried Sap by Extracting its Essential Oil Against the Clinical Yeast Isolates of Candida Albicans","authors":"S. Iqubal","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3690","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this experiment is to study the efficacy of Ferula caspica dried sap by extracting its essential oil against the clinical yeast isolates of Candida albicans, along with the comparison of standard antifungal chemical agents used in the therapy. This study also focused on a rapid gas chromatogram–mass spectrometric analysis for the phytochemical constituents of F. caspica dried sap essential oil extract to know exactly its content as many literature mentioned about its rich chemical contents contributing 4–20% of volatile oil, 20–25% latex gum, and the remaining 40–65% of the resin. Materials and Methods: The clinical sample from the patients was collected by employing the aseptic technique and was inoculated on a sterile Rose Bengal Agar plate by streak plate method and incubated at 37°C for 24–48 h to observe the yeast oval colonies. Results and Discussion: The interpretation of the observation and results for the F. caspica essential oil extract has shown the rejoicing study results regarding its efficacy as potential antifungal agents when compared to that of the standard synthetic chemical agents used against the clinical isolates of C. albicans. Conclusion: This study, thus, suggests that these types of natural essential oils can also be employed for the treatment of many infectious agents in the future as an alternative medicine.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Self-Medication among Urban Population Participating Community Pharmacies","authors":"K. A. Khan","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i03.3687","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Self-medication is defined as the individuals who used to treat self-recognized symptoms or illnesses using and selecting traditional, herbal medicine products. Self-medication permits the consumer or patient to take an active role. However, it is not a completely safe health character, particularly in the irresponsible or unreliable practice cases. Incorrect self-diagnosis, adverse reactions, masking of severe disease, incorrect dosage, and incorrect choice of therapy, drug interactions, dependence, and abuse are the potential risks of self-medication. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication in urban population and to identify any factors contributing to self-medication in relation to assess the attitude, perception, and knowledge of consumers toward self-medication. Materials and Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional survey which was conducted over 12 weeks from the month February to May in Jeddah city, K.S.A. Self-administered, validated questionnaire was used to collect the data and questionnaire was designed by reviewing the available research literature. It was designed in the English and Arabic language. Results: A total of 1036 peoples participated in the survey. Most responders were female (59.26%) and the males were 40.73%, the participants were predominantly in the age group of 25–40 years which were 38.41%. About 94.11% of participants are answered in Arabic and 5.88% were answered in English language. The most common medications consumed without prescriptions were painkillers (93.05%). The reasons for self-medications were health problems which were not serious (67.18%). Conclusion: In the study of rational drug use, assessment of self-medication is most important element. The observation of this research should form the basis for future interventional plans to increase benefits and decrease risks. In Saudi Arabia, community pharmacies have the potential to make a great impact in ensuring medicines which are properly utilized.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44169666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}