Dynamic medicine : DM最新文献

{"title":"A new evaluation method for +Gz tolerance with loratadine by using a near-infrared spectroscopy.","authors":"Akihiko Onozawa,&nbsp;Azusa Kikukawa,&nbsp;Yoshinori Miyamoto","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-7-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-7-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loratadine (Claritin), an over-the-counter antihistamine in U.S. and UK, is acceptable for use without adverse side effects by aircrew with mild or moderate allergic or other situations requiring an antihistamine. Although +Gz (head to foot direction) tolerance testing for aircrew with loratadine has not been documented in the published literature, it is commonly accepted that loratadine dose not effect +Gz tolerance. The purpose of this study was to offer and validate a new evaluation method for +Gz tolerance testing with loratadine by using a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover protocol was used to administer 10 mg of loratadine or placebo in nine healthy subjects. The subjects didn't wear anti-G suit. The +Gz exposure profiles consisted of, in series, a gradual onset ran (0.1 G.sec-1) to the subject's visual end-point (peripheral light loss) or loss of consciousness (GLOC), and rapid onset run (1.0 G.sec-1) to the subject's same end-point. In this study, G-level tolerance was defined as the +Gz level at visual end-point and/or at GLOC. As a subject's G-duration tolerance, we measured the total time (seconds) during rapid onset run. Otherwise, to confirm the effect of loratadine on +Gz tolerance, we measured the cerebral NIRS variables (hemoglobin concentration changes and tissue oxygenation index) as a new quantitative method for +Gz tolerance during a centrifuge experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in +Gz tolerance (+Gz level, duration time and NIRS variables) between subjects taking loratadine and placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that loratadine has no detectable effect on +Gz tolerance by using a new method with cerebral NIRS variables and the traditional method with +Gz level and duration time. This study represents the first use of a quantitative parameter such as cerebral NIRS variables to assess the effects of a drug on acceleration tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"7 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-7-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27222428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of physical activity and yoga on central arterial stiffness.","authors":"Courtney M Duren,&nbsp;Marie E Cress,&nbsp;Kevin K McCully","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-7-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-7-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Central arterial stiffness is an accepted risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While aerobic activity is associated with reduced stiffness the influence of practicing yoga is unknown. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate arterial stiffness in middle-aged adults who regularly practiced yoga, performed regular exercise, or were inactive, 2) evaluate the reproducibility of arterial stiffness measured in the left and right carotid artery and by pulse wave velocity (PWV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty six healthy subjects (male and female, 40-65 yrs old) were tested on two separate days. Carotid artery distensibility (DC) was measured with ultrasound. Physical activity was determined by questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Yoga and aerobic subjects had similar physical activity levels. Yoga and aerobic groups were not different in either DC (p = 0.26) or PWV (p = 0.21). The sedentary group had lower DC and higher PWV compared to the aerobic and yoga groups (both, p < 0.001). Stiffness measures were reliable day to day (coefficients of variation approximately 2.5%) and similar between left and right arteries (CV = 2.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physical activity was a strong predictor of both measures of arterial stiffness, although other factors such as nutritional status need to be accounted for. An independent effect of practicing yoga could not be detected. Stiffness measures were reproducible and left and right sides were consistent with each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"7 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-7-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27222615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-volume muscular endurance and strength training during 3-week forearm immobilization was effective in preventing functional deterioration.","authors":"Mika Matsumura,&nbsp;Chihoko Ueda,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Shiroishi,&nbsp;Kazuki Esaki,&nbsp;Fumiko Ohmori,&nbsp;Kuniko Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Shiro Ichimura,&nbsp;Yuko Kurosawa,&nbsp;Ryotaro Kime,&nbsp;Takuya Osada,&nbsp;Norio Murase,&nbsp;Toshihito Katsumura,&nbsp;Akinori Hoshika,&nbsp;Takafumi Hamaoka","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-7-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-7-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance and strength hand grip exercises during 3-week upper limb immobilization preserve muscle oxidative capacity, endurance performance and strength.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy adult men underwent non-dominant forearm immobilization by plaster cast for 21 days. Five healthy adult subjects were designated as the immobilization (IMM) group and five were designated as the immobilization + training (IMM+TRN) group. Grip strength, forearm circumference, dynamic handgrip endurance and muscle oxygenation response were measured before and after the 21 day immobilization period. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), muscle oxygen consumption recovery (VO2mus) was recorded after a submaximal exercise and the recovery time constant (TcVO2mus) was calculated. Reactive hyperemic oxygenation recovery was evaluated after 5 minutes ischemia. Two training programs were performed by the IMM+TRN group twice a week. One exercise involved a handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) at a rate of 1 repetition per 1 second until exhaustion (about 60 seconds). The other involved a handgrip exercise at 70% MVC for 2 seconds with a 2 second rest interval, repeated 10 times (40 seconds).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant group-by-time interaction between the IMM and IMM+TRN groups in the TcVO2mus (p = 0.032, F = 6.711). A significant group-by-time interaction was observed between the IMM and IMM+TRN groups in the MVC (p = 0.001, F = 30.415) and in grip endurance (p = 0.014, F = 9.791). No significant group-by-time interaction was seen in forearm circumference and reactive hyperemic oxygenation response either in IMM or IMM+TRN group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The training programs during immobilization period used in this experiment were effective in preventing a decline in muscle oxidative function, endurance and strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-7-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41063500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the lactate response to short-term all out exercise.","authors":"Ralph Beneke,&nbsp;Masen D Jumah,&nbsp;Renate M Leithäuser","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-6-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The maximum post exercise blood lactate concentration (BLCmax) has been positively correlated with maximal short-term exercise (MSE) performance. However, the moment when BLCmax occurs (TBLCmax) is rather unpredictable and interpretation of BLC response to MSE is therefore difficult.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared a 3- and a 4-parameter model for the analysis of the dynamics of BLC response to MSEs lasting 10 (MSE10) and 30 s (MSE30) in eleven males (24.6 +/- 2.3 yrs; 182.4 +/- 6.8 cm; 75.1 +/- 9.4 kg). The 3-parameter model uses BLC at MSE-start, extra-vascular increase (A) and rate constants of BLC appearance (k1) and disappearance (k2). The 4-parameter model includes BLC at MSE termination and amplitudes and rate constants of increase (A1, y1) and decrease (A2, y2) of post MSE-BLC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both models consistently explained 93.69 % or more of the variance of individual BLC responses. Reduction of the number of parameters decreased (p < 0.05) the goodness of the fit in every MSE10 and in 3 MSE30. A (9.1 +/- 2.1 vs. 15.3 +/- 2.1 mmol l-1) and A1 (7.1 +/- 1.6 vs. 10.9 +/- 2.0 mmol l-1) were lower (p < 0.05) in MSE10 than in MSE30. k1 (0.610 +/- 0.119 vs. 0.505 +/- 0.107 min-1), k2 (4.21 10-2 +/- 1.06 10-2 vs. 2.45 10-2 +/- 1.04 10-2 min-1), and A2 (-563.8 +/- 370.8 vs. -1412.6 +/- 868.8 mmol l-1), and y1 (0.579 +/- 0.137 vs. 0.489 +/- 0.076 min-1) were higher (p < 0.05) in MSE10 than in MSE30. No corresponding difference in y2 (0.41 10-2 +/- 0.82 10-2 vs. 0.15 10-2 +/- 0.42 10-2 min-1) was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 3-parameter model estimates of lactate appearance and disappearance were sensitive to differences in test duration and support an interrelation between BLC level and halftime of lactate elimination previously found. The 4-parameter model results support the 3-parameter model findings about lactate appearance; however, parameter estimates for lactate disappearance were unrealistic in the 4-parameter model. The 3-parameter model provides useful information about the dynamics of the lactate response to MSE.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":" ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-6-10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41026167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two normative paediatric gait databases.","authors":"Victoria L Chester,&nbsp;Maureen Tingley,&nbsp;Edmund N Biden","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-6-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of age-matched normative data is an essential component of clinical gait analyses. Comparison of normative gait databases is difficult due to the high-dimensionality and temporal nature of the various gait waveforms. The purpose of this study was to provide a method of comparing the sagittal joint angle data between two normative databases. We compared a modern gait database to the historical San Diego database using statistical classifiers developed by Tingley et al. (2002). Gait data were recorded from 60 children aged 1-13 years. A six-camera Vicon 512 motion analysis system and two force plates were utilized to obtain temporal-spatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters during walking. Differences between the two normative data sets were explored using the classifier index scores, and the mean and covariance structure of the joint angle data from each lab. Significant differences in sagittal angle data between the two databases were identified and attributed to technological advances and data processing techniques (data smoothing, sampling, and joint angle approximations). This work provides a simple method of database comparison using trainable statistical classifiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"6 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-6-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26837964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of intestinal failure in Europe. A questionnaire based study on the incidence and management.","authors":"Michael Staun,&nbsp;Xavier Hebuterne,&nbsp;Jon Shaffer,&nbsp;Kent V Haderslev,&nbsp;Frederico Bozzetti,&nbsp;Marek Pertkiewicz,&nbsp;Ann Micklewright,&nbsp;Jose Moreno,&nbsp;Paul Thul,&nbsp;Loris Pironi","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-6-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal failure is the outcome of a number of gastrointestinal diseases and characterized by significant reduction in functional gut mass. If not resolved patients often face long-term nutritional support. This study gathered information about how patients referred with intestinal failure are managed in specialised European centres.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was circulated in 7 European countries via representatives of the ESPEN-HAN working group to seek information about experience in treating patients with intestinal failure. We asked about clinical outcome, information about structure and organisation of the department, referral criteria, treatment procedures and guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>17 centres in 6 European countries completed the questionnaire: UK, n = 6, France, n = 4, Spain, n = 3, Denmark, n = 2, Italy, n = 1, Poland, n = 1. The experience of the centres in treating patients was in the range 12-30 years. The total number of patients on HPN in all centres was 590. The number of patients referred to centres with intestinal failure during the period January to December 2000 was n = 882: UK, n = 375 (range 2-175), France, n = 308 (range 24-182), Italy and Spain, n = 43 (range 9-52), Denmark n = 51 (range 14-37), the centre in Poland included 53 patients. Comparing all centres the following distribution among patients (median % (range%)) with regard to the endpoints were reported: Oral nutrition 32% (23-50%), enteral/tube feeding 11% (4-23%), HPN 36% (15-57%), lost to follow up 10% (0-35%), dead 9% (5-18%). No patients had an intestinal transplant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides information about how patients with intestinal failure are managed across Europe and the data indicates that treatment practice varies between countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"6 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-6-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26813462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functioning in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome: increased impairment with co-occurring multiple chemical sensitivity and fibromyalgia.","authors":"Molly M Brown,&nbsp;Leonard A Jason","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), and fibromyalgia (FM) commonly co-occur. Some propose that CFS, MCS, and FM are manifestations of the same illness based on high rates of co-occurrence and overlapping diagnostic criteria. This study seeks to differentiate these diagnoses by comparing individuals with one or more illness on functioning, psychiatric comorbidity, coping style, and in vivo physical measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 114 men and women who met criteria for CFS. FM was diagnosed during a physical examination, and MCS was assessed using a questionnaire. Participants were divided into four groups: CFS alone, CFS-MCS, CFS-FM, and CFS-MCS-FM. Self-report measures, a psychiatric interview, and in vivo physical measures were given.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>43.9% met criteria for CFS alone, 23.7% met criteria for CFS-MCS, 15.8% met criteria for CFS-FM, and 16.7% met criteria for CFS-MCS-FM. The CFS-MCS-FM group was more disabled than the CFS alone group on measures of physical functioning, general health, and bodily pain. In vivo measures did not differ, but the CFS-MCS-FM group rated exertion higher than the CFS alone group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with CFS alone were the highest functioning group across several domains, such as disability, depression, and severity of symptoms. Participants with three diagnoses experienced the greatest amount of disability. While substantial co-occurrence of these illnesses was found, this study provides evidence that having more than one illness exacerbates one's disability beyond CFS alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"6 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-6-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26752795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced blood flow in relation to muscle relaxation period.","authors":"Fumiko Ohmori,&nbsp;Shizuyo Shimizu,&nbsp;Atsuko Kagaya","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-6-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dynamic exercise is characterized by relaxation periods between contractions. The relaxation period should be considered as a causal factor for determining the magnitude of blood flow during dynamic exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle relaxation periods determined by the response of each subject on the exercise-induced blood flow response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven healthy female subjects performed dynamic plantar flexions twice in succession; the duration of each flexion was 1-s and they were performed at an intensity of 15%, 30% and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Based on the blood flow response after a single contraction, we set up intervals between two successive contractions; the intervals corresponded to 50% (pre-Tpeak), 100% (Tpeak), and 150% (post-Tpeak) of the time required to reach peak blood flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all the conditions, upon cessation of the contraction, there was a progressive, beat-by-beat increase in the blood flow through the popliteal artery that peaked by the 5th cardiac cycle. Peak values of blood flow achieved after exercise were significantly higher at pre-Tpeak than at Tpeak and post-Tpeak (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result indicate that at three intervals based on the time taken to reach the peak value, the highest blood flow value was obtained at the pre-Tpeak interval.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"6 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-6-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26713004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of obesity on calf blood flow and vascular reactivity in older adults.","authors":"Luke S Acree, Philip C Comp, Thomas L Whitsett, Polly S Montgomery, Kevin J Nickel, Anette S Fjeldstad, Cecilie Fjeldstad, Andrew W Gardner","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether differences in vascular reactivity existed among normal weight, overweight, and obese older men and women, and to examine the association between abdominal fat distribution and vascular reactivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-seven individuals who were 60 years of age or older (age = 69 +/- 7 yrs; mean +/- SD) were grouped into normal weight (BMI < 25; n = 30), overweight (BMI > or = 25 and < 30; n = 28), or obese (BMI > or = 30; n = 29) categories. Calf blood flow (BF) was assessed by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography at rest and post-occlusive reactive hyperemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia BF was lower (p = 0.038) in the obese group (5.55 +/- 4.67%/min) than in the normal weight group (8.34 +/- 3.89%/min). Additionally, change in BF from rest to post-occlusion in the obese group (1.93 +/- 2.58%/min) was lower (p = 0.001) than in the normal weight group (5.21 +/- 3.59%/min), as well as the percentage change (75 +/- 98% vs. 202 +/- 190%, p = 0.006, respectively). After adjusting for age, prevalence in hypertension and calf skinfold thickness, change in BF values remained lower (p < 0.05) in obese subjects compared to the normal weight subjects. Lastly, the absolute and percentage change in BF were significantly related to BMI (r = -0.44, p < 0.001, and r = -0.37, p < 0.001, respectively) and to waist circumference (r = -0.36, p = 0.001, and r = -0.32, p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obesity and abdominal adiposity impair vascular reactivity in older men and women, and these deleterious effects on vascular reactivity are independent of conventional risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"6 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26226630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of venous emptying on the reactive hyperemic blood flow response.","authors":"Zeki Bahadir,&nbsp;Eric Tisdell,&nbsp;Arturo A Arce Esquivel,&nbsp;Devon A Dobrosielski,&nbsp;Michael A Welsch","doi":"10.1186/1476-5918-6-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-6-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research indicates that venous emptying serves as a stimulus for vasodilation in the human forearm. This suggests the importance of recognizing the potential influence of venous volume on reactive hyperemic blood flow (RHBF) following occlusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of venous emptying on forearm vascular function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forearm RHBF, venous capacitance and venous outflow were examined in 35 individuals (age = 22 +/- 2 years), using mercury in-Silastic strain gauge plethysmography, at rest and following five minutes of upper arm occlusion using standard procedures (CONTROL). In addition, the same measures were obtained following five minutes of upper arm occlusion preceded by two minutes of passive arm elevation (Pre-elevation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average resting arterial inflow was 2.42 +/- 1.11 ml x 100 ml(-1) x min(-1). RHBF and venous capacitance were significantly greater during Pre-elevation compared to CONTROL (RHBF; Pre-elevation: 23.76 +/- 5.95 ml x 100 ml(-1) x min(-1) vs.</p><p><strong>Control: </strong>19.33 +/- 4.50; p = 0.001), (venous capacitance; Pre-elevation: 2.74 +/- 0.89 % vs.</p><p><strong>Control: </strong>2.19 +/- 0.97, p = 0.001). Venous outflow did not differ between the two conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Venous emptying prior to upper arm occlusion results in a significant greater RHBF response and venous capacitance. Recognition of the influence of venous volume on RHBF is particularly important in studies focusing on arterial inflow, and also provides further evidence for the interplay between the venous and arterial system.</p>","PeriodicalId":84611,"journal":{"name":"Dynamic medicine : DM","volume":"6 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1476-5918-6-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26604103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}