Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders最新文献_第8页

Non-invasive treatment of critical limb ischemia. 危重肢体缺血的无创治疗。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043336069

Curt Diehm, Nicolas Diehm

引用次数: 15

Atherosclerotic plaque characterization by MR imaging. 磁共振成像表征动脉粥样硬化斑块。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043336393

Brian K Rutt, Sharon E Clarke, Zahi A Fayad

{"title":"Atherosclerotic plaque characterization by MR imaging.","authors":"Brian K Rutt, Sharon E Clarke, Zahi A Fayad","doi":"10.2174/1568006043336393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043336393","url":null,"abstract":"The MR imaging of carotid artery and aortic plaque has undergone significant improvement in the last decade. Early studies utilizing ex vivo specimens and spin echo or fast spin echo imaging, led to the conclusion that T2-weighting was the best single contrast to characterize carotid plaque morphology. On these images, the fibrous plaque appears bright and the lipid core is dark; thrombus can have variable intensity. There can be an overlap in T2w signal intensities among the various plaque components, which can be partially offset by the use of qualitative or multi-spectral analysis of multiple contrast images. With improvements in coil design, sequence design, main field and gradient capabilities, accurate in vivo differentiation and measurement of these various plaque components should be possible in a few years. Carotid and aortic plaque burden can be accurately measured in vivo today; ongoing longitudinal studies should lead to a better understanding of the relationship between plaque burden and the risk of thromboembolic complications, as well as the effect of diet and drug therapy in hyperlipidemic patients. With these developments in place or soon to be available, MR imaging of the diseased carotid artery and aortic wall may prove to be even more important than MR angiography or other current clinical tests.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":"4 2","pages":"147-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24551067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Carotid intima media thickness and beyond. 颈动脉内膜中厚及以上。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043336339

Jacques D Barth

{"title":"Carotid intima media thickness and beyond.","authors":"Jacques D Barth","doi":"10.2174/1568006043336339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043336339","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis evolves from the vascular wall. The initial build-up starts at the inner layers of the intima media complex of the artery. To track these phases of the beginning of disease requires a technique that can reliably detect and follow the extent and severity non-invasively over time. The artery that is accessible and indicative for the process of atherosclerosis is the carotid artery. The Quantitative assessment of the Intima Media Thickness (IMT) using ultrasound is safe, validated and portable, is inexpensive, and can be used in multicenter studies. IMT coupled with an interactive large multi-ethnic may provide a reliable tool to predict the likelihood of cardiovascular complications like myocardial infarction or stroke. QIMT combines the quantitative analyses and assessment of the far wall of the common carotid artery in a specific area, proximal to the bulb, that includes a fully automatic algorithm interacting with an ethnically diverse database. Many new and exciting applications where the underlying disease has an impact on cardiovascular disease have been added to its cardiovascular current use. The standardization of the whole procedure from image acquisition, transport of images, computerized assessment of images and interactive assessment for a specific individual is critical in its new and expanded role. Unfortunately the vast majority of the current systems do not adhere to these requirements, leading to a false sense of security when a value is provided. Given the lack of standardization in most IMT programs, a new valid standard is urgently needed, with the dissemination of these new concepts of application happens. The QIMT method of assessment of the far wall of the common carotid artery is validated, reproducible and the preferred method proposed for standardization. Different specialties should be approached and contribute in the expansion of its use, as opposed to the current trend to limit QIMT to specific healthcare areas.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":"4 2","pages":"129-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043336339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24551066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Electron beam tomography as a non invasive method to monitor effectiveness of antiatherosclerotic therapy. 电子束断层扫描作为一种无创方法监测抗动脉粥样硬化治疗的有效性。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043336366

G James, P Raggi

{"title":"Electron beam tomography as a non invasive method to monitor effectiveness of antiatherosclerotic therapy.","authors":"G James, P Raggi","doi":"10.2174/1568006043336366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043336366","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery calcification has long been known to be associated with atherosclerosis and is intimately associated with atherosclerotic plaque development. Similarly, aortic valve degeneration and calcification appears to follow a pathophysiologic process very similar to atherosclerosis. Newer noninvasive technologies such as Electron Beam Tomography (EBT) allow the practicing physician to accurately detect and quantify cardiovascular calcification. It has recently become apparent that coronary calcium is an excellent marker of risk for myocardial infarction and sudden death in an individual patient and that aortic valve sclerosis is associated with high risk of coronary events. Besides identification and quantification of cardiovascular calcification, the EBT technology has also been employed to accurately measure the rate of progression of coronary calcification and it could become a very helpful tool to gauge effectiveness of therapy instituted to halt the progression of atherosclerosis. In this article we present a review of the studies published to date on the use of EBT imaging to gauge the effects of medical therapy on coronary and valvular calcification.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":"4 2","pages":"177-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043336366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24551069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Image-based computational fluid dynamics: a new paradigm for monitoring hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. 基于图像的计算流体动力学:监测血流动力学和动脉粥样硬化的新范例。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043336302

David A Steinman

{"title":"Image-based computational fluid dynamics: a new paradigm for monitoring hemodynamics and atherosclerosis.","authors":"David A Steinman","doi":"10.2174/1568006043336302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043336302","url":null,"abstract":"Complex blood flow dynamics are thought to play a key role in the development and treatment of atherosclerosis; however, the exact nature of this role is incompletely understood owing to the practical difficulties associated with measuring important local hemodynamic factors, notably wall shear stresses, in vivo. Only recently has it become possible to consider mapping these hemodynamic factors in a prospective, patient-specific manner via the coupling of in vivo medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. CFD models derived from intravascular ultrasound have already been used to elucidate the role that hemodynamic forces play in mechanical and pharmacological interventions for coronary atherosclerosis. CFD models derived from magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound provide a less invasive window into more superficial vessels such as the carotid bifurcation, and thus are promising tools for clarifying the role of, and eventually exploiting, purported local geometric and hemodynamic risk factors for atherosclerosis and its response to therapeutic options. Efforts to improve the ease and robustness with which these models are constructed have led to concomitant improvements in accuracy and precision, data for which are presented to facilitate estimation of sample sizes for future studies. Current limitations and anticipated future directions for these powerful new tools are discussed.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":"4 2","pages":"183-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043336302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24551535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 70

3D ultrasound imaging of the carotid arteries. 颈动脉的三维超声成像。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043336311

Aaron Fenster, Anthony Landry, Dónal B Downey, Robert A Hegele, J David Spence

{"title":"3D ultrasound imaging of the carotid arteries.","authors":"Aaron Fenster, Anthony Landry, Dónal B Downey, Robert A Hegele, J David Spence","doi":"10.2174/1568006043336311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043336311","url":null,"abstract":"Although ultrasonography is an important cost-effective imaging modality, technical improvements are needed before its full potential is realized for accurate and reproducible monitoring of carotid disease and plaque burden. 2D viewing of 3D anatomy, using conventional ultrasonography limits our ability to quantify and visualize carotid disease and is partly responsible for the reported variability in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Efforts of investigators have focused on overcoming these deficiencies by developing 3D ultrasound imaging techniques that are capable of acquiring B-mode, color Doppler and power Doppler images of the carotid arteries using existing conventional ultrasound systems, reconstructing the information into 3D images, and then allowing interactive viewing of the 3D images on inexpensive desktop computers. In addition, the availability of 3D ultrasound images of the carotid arteries has allowed the development of techniques to quantify plaque volume and surface morphology as well as allowing registration with other 3D imaging modalities. This paper describes 3D ultrasound imaging techniques used to image the carotid arteries and summarizes some of the developments aimed at quantifying plaque volume and morphology.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":"4 2","pages":"161-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043336311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24551068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

Non-invasive assessment of atherosclerosis risk. 动脉粥样硬化风险的无创评估。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043336294

J David Spence, Robert A Hegele

{"title":"Non-invasive assessment of atherosclerosis risk.","authors":"J David Spence, Robert A Hegele","doi":"10.2174/1568006043336294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043336294","url":null,"abstract":"The reasons to measure atherosclerosis include 1) risk stratification and prediction; 2) evaluation of patient response to interventions; and 3) identification of novel genetic, cellular and molecular determinants of risk. Atherosclerosis can be quantified non-invasively using the increasingly reliable and precise modalities described in this issue, which include ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. While each modality assesses \"atherosclerosis\", the particular morphological entities captured may reflect different aspects of atherogenesis with different biological determinants. For instance, among carotid ultrasound determinations, intima-media thickness (IMT) may reflect medial hypertrophy from hypertension, while plaque volume and stenosis and calcium deposition may additionally reflect foam cell proliferation, scarring and/or thrombosis. Clarifying the biological and clinical correlates of images may guide the choice of modality for specific applications. In addition, these tools are presently used to assess structures at a single time point. However, using them to follow temporal changes may further enhance their value. In this regard, certain modalities, such as ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque area or volume, may be more sensitive than others, such as assessment of IMT, for detecting temporal changes in atherosclerosis. Combining modalities--and adding new biomarkers of disease--may be necessary to grasp the full complex vascular phenotypic picture--\"phenomics\"--of both individual subjects and groups of patients. In evaluating new determinants and novel therapies, it will be important to consider the biology and clinical correlates of a specific measured atherosclerosis phenotype in order to select the most appropriate modality.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":"4 2","pages":"125-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043336294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24551065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Neuroprotection abilities of cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitors in kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration. 胞质磷脂酶A2抑制剂对卡因酸诱导的神经退行性变的神经保护作用。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043481239

Akhlaq A Farooqui, Wei-Yi Ong, Lloyd A Horrocks

{"title":"Neuroprotection abilities of cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitors in kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration.","authors":"Akhlaq A Farooqui, Wei-Yi Ong, Lloyd A Horrocks","doi":"10.2174/1568006043481239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043481239","url":null,"abstract":"Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) belong to a super-family of enzymes that hydrolyze membrane phospholipids at the sn-2 position to liberate free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Different forms of PLA2 are involved in inflammation, neurodegeneration, and intracellular and intercellular signaling related to neurotransmitter release, axonal growth and gene expression. The action of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) on phospholipid containing arachidonic acid at sn-2 position releases arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids, precursors for various proinflammatory lipid mediators including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and platelet activating factor. During hypoxic/ischemic insults, alterations in calcium homeostasis and induction of cytokines results in stimulation of cPLA2 and increased production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and platelet activating factor. These metabolites cause atherosclerotic plaque development in cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases in arterial walls and neuronal cell injury in brain tissue. Our studies on kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration in rat brain indicate that the stimulation of cPLA2 increased generation of proinflammatory lipid mediators, and accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal, a toxic aldehyde with neurodegenerative properties. Treatment of rat brain hippocampal slices with antimalarial drugs (non-specific cPLA2 inhibitors) not only inhibits cPLA2 activity but also blocks neurodegeneration suggesting that cPLA2 inhibitors can be used as neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":"4 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043481239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24447140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

The possible therapeutic actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) agonists, PPAR gamma agonists, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium (Ca)-antagonists on vascular endothelial cells. 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α (PPAR α)激动剂、PPAR γ激动剂、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A (HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制剂、血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂和钙(Ca)拮抗剂对血管内皮细胞可能的治疗作用。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043481329

Ikuo Inoue, Shigehiro Katayama

{"title":"The possible therapeutic actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) agonists, PPAR gamma agonists, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium (Ca)-antagonists on vascular endothelial cells.","authors":"Ikuo Inoue, Shigehiro Katayama","doi":"10.2174/1568006043481329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043481329","url":null,"abstract":"Several intervention studies have shown that some hypolipidemic and hypotensive drugs such as fibrates, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium (Ca)-antagonists prevent atherosclerosis. The main pathological findings in atherosclerosis include abnormal reactions of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes/ macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells, and the accumulation of cholesterol ester in the arterial wall. Therefore, investigating the effects of these drugs on the arterial wall may improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. Here, based on recent studies including our own, we describe the relationships between risk factors for atherosclerosis, especially hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and the molecular mechanisms that govern lipid metabolism in the arteries.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":" ","pages":"35-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043481329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40851227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Insulin resistance as a therapeutic target for improved endothelial function: metformin. 胰岛素抵抗作为改善内皮功能的治疗靶点:二甲双胍。

Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568006043481275

Lori Brame, Subodh Verma, Todd Anderson, Amale Lteif, Kieren Mather

{"title":"Insulin resistance as a therapeutic target for improved endothelial function: metformin.","authors":"Lori Brame, Subodh Verma, Todd Anderson, Amale Lteif, Kieren Mather","doi":"10.2174/1568006043481275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568006043481275","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelial dysfunction is a feature of a variety of clinical states of insulin resistance, and increasingly it is recognized that pre-diabetic states of insulin resistance are associated not only with insulin resistance but with increased cardiovascular risk. The metabolic syndrome which typically accompanies insulin resistance brings aberrations in a number of classical cardiovascular risk factors, but it appears that insulin resistance itself represents an additional, non-classical risk factor. Therefore, the approach to treating the endothelium in patients with the metabolic syndrome might include therapies targeting insulin resistance. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the biguanide metformin and its effects on the endothelium. Its mode of action is reviewed, along with the available data from laboratory and experimental studies related to vascular function in animals and in humans. Metformin has beneficial effects on endothelial function which appear to be mediated through its effects to improve insulin resistance. Therapeutically targeting insulin resistance appears to be a viable route to improving endothelial function in clinical states of insulin resistance.","PeriodicalId":84523,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders","volume":" ","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568006043481275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40851228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16