Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia最新文献_第8页

Sarcopenia. Sarcopenia。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-273000000

Richard Dodds, Avan Aihie Sayer

{"title":"Sarcopenia.","authors":"Richard Dodds, Avan Aihie Sayer","doi":"10.1590/0004-273000000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-273000000","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and function with age, is highly relevant to clinical practice as it has been associated with a wide range of ageing outcomes including disability and shorter survival times. As such it is now a major focus for research and drug discovery. There has been recent progress in the development of consensus definitions for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, taking the form of measurements of muscle mass and strength or physical performance. These definitions form potential inclusion criteria for use in trials, although the optimum choice of outcome measures is less clear. Prevalence estimates using these new definitions vary, although they suggest that sarcopenia is a common (approximately 13% from one study) clinical problem in older people. A range of lifestyle factors have been investigated in regard to the development of this condition, and progressive resistance training is the most well-established intervention so far. There is also marked research interest in the role of diet, although so far the value of supplementation is less clear. Other potential treatments for sarcopenia include the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, with some evidence that they can improve physical performance in older people. Future research directions include an increased understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of sarcopenia and the use of a life course approach to explore the possibility of earlier intervention and prevention. ","PeriodicalId":8395,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/0004-273000000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32621290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV infection, bone metabolism, and fractures. HIV感染，骨代谢和骨折。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003323

Robert Güerri-Fernández, Judit Villar-García, Adolfo Díez-Pérez, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra

引用次数: 23

Targets in osteoporosis treatment. 骨质疏松症治疗的靶点。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01

Francisco Bandeira, Francisco J A de Paula, Marise Lazaretti-Castro, Melissa Orlandin Premaor

引用次数: 0

The burden of osteoporosis in Brazil. 巴西骨质疏松症的负担。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003203

Bruna Coelho Galvão Marinho, Luiza Paulino Guerra, Juliana Beaudette Drummond, Barbara C Silva, Maria Marta Sarquis Soares

{"title":"The burden of osteoporosis in Brazil.","authors":"Bruna Coelho Galvão Marinho, Luiza Paulino Guerra, Juliana Beaudette Drummond, Barbara C Silva, Maria Marta Sarquis Soares","doi":"10.1590/0004-2730000003203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003203","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporotic fractures impose severe physical, psychosocial, and financial burden both to the patient and the society. Studies on the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in Brazil show a wide variation, due to differences in sample size, the population studied, and methodologies. Few studies have been conducted in Brazil about the cost-effectiveness analyses of different intervention options aimed at the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Investigation and treatment strategies based on cost-effectiveness and scientific evidence are essential in the preparation of public health policies with the ultimate goal of reducing the incidence of fractures and, consequently, the direct and indirect costs associated with them. This article reviews the Brazilian burden of osteoporosis in terms of the prevalence and fractures attributable to the disease, the costs related to the investigation and management, as well as the impact of osteoporosis on the population as a whole and on affected individuals. ","PeriodicalId":8395,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/0004-2730000003203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32621287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Targets in osteoporosis treatment. 骨质疏松症治疗的靶点。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003363

F. Bandeira, F. J. Paula, M. Lazaretti-Castro, M. Premaor

引用次数: 8

Ethnic aspects of vitamin D deficiency. 维生素D缺乏的种族方面。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003320

Aline Correia, Maria do Socorro Azevedo, Fernando Gondim, Francisco Bandeira

{"title":"Ethnic aspects of vitamin D deficiency.","authors":"Aline Correia, Maria do Socorro Azevedo, Fernando Gondim, Francisco Bandeira","doi":"10.1590/0004-2730000003320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003320","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to bone fragility in children and adults, and to an increased risk of chronic diseases. The main sources of vitamin D are the diet and cutaneous synthesis, the latter being the most important one, since foods are relatively poor in vitamin D. The main factors influencing this endogenous production are the seasons, the time of day, latitude and skin phototype. Due to the contribution of sun exposure in maintaining vitamin D levels, it would be expected that this deficiency would be more prevalent in countries at a high latitude; it has been shown, however, that hypovitaminosis D is commonly found in tropical regions such as Brazil. In high latitude regions in which extreme skin phototypes have been compared, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is more common in people with originally darker skin who have a natural barrier to the already lower UV irradiation penetrating the skin. In Brazil, particularly in the areas where sun rays are more abundant, the difference in sunlight exposure between subjects showed no significant variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). ","PeriodicalId":8395,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/0004-2730000003320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32621242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Osteocalcin, energy and glucose metabolism. 骨钙素，能量和葡萄糖代谢。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003333

Leila C B Zanatta, Cesar L Boguszewski, Victoria Z C Borba, Carolina A M Kulak

引用次数: 58

Bone disease after transplantation: osteoporosis and fractures risk. 移植后骨病:骨质疏松和骨折风险。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003343

Carolina A M Kulak, Victoria Z C Borba, Jaime Kulak Júnior, Melani Ribeiro Custódio

引用次数: 37

Bone disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的骨病。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003381

Francisco Bandeira, Natalie E Cusano, Barbara C Silva, Sara Cassibba, Clarissa Beatriz Almeida, Vanessa Caroline Costa Machado, John P Bilezikian

{"title":"Bone disease in primary hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Francisco Bandeira, Natalie E Cusano, Barbara C Silva, Sara Cassibba, Clarissa Beatriz Almeida, Vanessa Caroline Costa Machado, John P Bilezikian","doi":"10.1590/0004-2730000003381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003381","url":null,"abstract":"Bone disease in severe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is described classically as osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC). Bone pain, skeletal deformities and pathological fractures are features of OFC. Bone mineral density is usually extremely low in OFC, but it is reversible after surgical cure. The signs and symptoms of severe bone disease include bone pain, pathologic fractures, proximal muscle weakness with hyperreflexia. Bone involvement is typically characterized as salt-and-pepper appearance in the skull, bone erosions and bone resorption of the phalanges, brown tumors and cysts. In the radiography, diffuse demineralization is observed, along with pathological fractures, particularly in the long bones of the extremities. In severe, symptomatic PHPT, marked elevation of the serum calcium and PTH concentrations are seen and renal involvement is manifested by nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. A new technology, recently approved for clinical use in the United States and Europe, is likely to become more widely available because it is an adaptation of the lumbar spine DXA image. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a gray-level textural analysis that provides an indirect index of trabecular microarchitecture. Newer technologies, such as high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), have provided further understanding of the microstructural skeletal features in PHPT. ","PeriodicalId":8395,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/0004-2730000003381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32620623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 79

[Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature]. [继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的手术治疗:文献系统综述]。

Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003372

Felipe Ferraz Magnabosco, Marcos Roberto Tavares, Fábio Luiz de Menezes Montenegro

{"title":"[Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature].","authors":"Felipe Ferraz Magnabosco, Marcos Roberto Tavares, Fábio Luiz de Menezes Montenegro","doi":"10.1590/0004-2730000003372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003372","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) has a high prevalence in renal patients. Secondary HPT results from disturbances in mineral homeostasis, particularly calcium, which stimulates the parathyroid glands, increasing the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Prolonged stimulation can lead to autonomy in parathyroid function. Initial treatment is clinical, but parathyroidectomy (PTx) may be required. PTx can be subtotal or total followed or not followed by parathyroid tissue autograft. We compared the indications and results of these strategies as shown in the literature through a systematic literature review on surgical treatment of secondary HPT presented in MedLine and LILACS from January 2008 to March 2014. The search terms were: hyperparathyroidism; secondary hyperparathyroidism; parathyroidectomy and parathyroid glands, restricted to research only in humans, articles available in electronic media, published in Portuguese, Spanish, English or French. We selected 49 articles. Subtotal and total PTx followed by parathyroid tissue autograft were the most used techniques, without consensus on the most effective surgical procedure, although there was a preference for the latter. The choice depends on surgeon's experience. There was consensus on the need to identify all parathyroid glands and cryopreservation of parathyroid tissue whenever possible to graft if hypoparathyroidism arise. Imaging studies may be useful, especially in recurrences. Alternative treatments of secondary HPT, both interventional and conservative, require further study. ","PeriodicalId":8395,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/0004-2730000003372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32621244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13