Pathways (Chestnut Hill, Mass.)最新文献

筛选

英文中文

The Effect of Agriculture on Health in Neolithic Populations in the Levant 农业对黎凡特地区新石器时代人群健康的影响

Pathways (Chestnut Hill, Mass.) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 DOI: 10.29173/PATHWAYS11

Fatima Masood

{"title":"The Effect of Agriculture on Health in Neolithic Populations in the Levant","authors":"Fatima Masood","doi":"10.29173/PATHWAYS11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/PATHWAYS11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect that the onset of agriculturalism had on the lives and health of the various Neolithic populations in the Levant during that time. Analysis of bones found at the site of Abu Hureyra (which was occupied by both hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists) show evidence for increased physical stress in the skeletons of agriculturalists, which was due to the physical stress of agriculture (Molleson 1994). Furthermore, musculoskeletal markers on Neolithic male skeletons were shown to be more symmetrical than on Natufian male skeletons. This correlates with the shift from hunting to farming (Eshed et al. 2004). It was also found that the agricultural lifestyle increased the infectious disease rate of farming populations when compared to their Natufian counterparts (Eshed et al. 2010). The shift to an agricultural lifestyle brought about many changes for dental health as well. In Neolithic populations, the rates of dental caries increased, while the wear on their teeth decreased (Eshed, Gopher, and Hershkovitz 2006; Richards 2002). This was due to the increased consumption of carbohydrates and the decreased use of teeth as tools, respectively (Eshed, Gopher, and Hershkovitz 2006; Richards 2002). Furthermore, the mandible was shown to decrease in size in the Neolithic populations when compared to Natufians (Pinhasi, Eshed, and von Cramon-Taubadel 2015). These dental changes were also seen in other areas during the agricultural shift, such as South Asia and South America (Eshed, Gopher, and Hershkovitz 2006).","PeriodicalId":83847,"journal":{"name":"Pathways (Chestnut Hill, Mass.)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89341649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Akkadian Cylinder Seal – Metonym for Life in Akkad 阿卡德圆柱印章-阿卡德生活的转喻

Pathways (Chestnut Hill, Mass.) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 DOI: 10.29173/PATHWAYS9

Jesse Jack

引用次数: 0

Reorienting Bioarchaeology for an Era of Reconciliation 为和解时代重新定位生物考古学

Pathways (Chestnut Hill, Mass.) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 DOI: 10.29173/PATHWAYS6

R. Bourgeois

{"title":"Reorienting Bioarchaeology for an Era of Reconciliation","authors":"R. Bourgeois","doi":"10.29173/PATHWAYS6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/PATHWAYS6","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropology, in general, has recently been working toward reworking their systems to be better suited to the needs of descendent communities. Bioarchaeology, however, has been slower to adopt these efforts. In the spirit of reconciliation, it is important for all disciplines to self-reflect and critique the colonial systems that have been institutionalized their teaching and research. This paper serves as a theoretical exploration into the current practice of bioarchaeology and seeks to provide a theoretical model that could contribute toward the decolonization of the discipline to be appropriate for application in Canada. It discusses how to better orient theory to compliment ancestral knowledge and reorganize bioarchaeology so that it could be more useful to responding to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Calls to Action (2015) and benefit the needs of descendants. It will proceed by reviewing the integration of social theory in bioarchaeology, providing a critique of the biocultural approach, and finish by proposing a theoretical model that seeks to contribute to the ongoing decolonization of bioarchaeology. The model that this paper proposes serves is a suggestion of how to better structure and conduct a project including ancient human remains to better optimize the application of archaeological theory as a compliment to traditional knowledge. It is formed on the bases of theories of personhood, shared histories, behavioral archaeology, and biocultural approaches to provide a pragmatic synthesis of theory for a community driven bioarchaeology.","PeriodicalId":83847,"journal":{"name":"Pathways (Chestnut Hill, Mass.)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84982450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页