Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences最新文献_第10页

Trace element and Pb isotopic constraints on the provenance of the Rosroe and Derryveeny formations, South Mayo, Ireland 爱尔兰南梅奥Rosroe和Derryveeny组物源的微量元素和Pb同位素约束

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000353

P. Clift, A. Draut, R. Hannigan, G. Layne, J. Blusztajn

{"title":"Trace element and Pb isotopic constraints on the provenance of the Rosroe and Derryveeny formations, South Mayo, Ireland","authors":"P. Clift, A. Draut, R. Hannigan, G. Layne, J. Blusztajn","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000353","url":null,"abstract":"The Rosroe Formation comprises a series of Lower Ordovician (Llanvirn) conglomerates and sandstones, that lies on the southern limb of the South Mayo Trough, within the Iapetus Suture Zone of western Ireland. Trace element chemistry of granite boulders within the formation indicates a continental, rather than a volcanic arc character that can be correlated to latest Precambrian granites within the Dalradian Metamorphic Block, part of the deformed Laurentian margin. A minority of the clasts may correlate with syn-collisional granites, similar to, but older than, the Oughterard Granite of Connemara. Pb isotope compositions of K-feldspar grains within the sandstones, measured by both ion microprobe and conventional mass spectrometry, show a clear Laurentian affinity, albeit with greater source variability in the sand grains compared to a limited range in the proximal boulders. Palaeo-current indicators demonstrate dominant derivation from the NE, with a significant axial E–W flow. We propose that the Rosroe Formation records unroofing of a rapidly exhuming Dalradian metamorphic belt in North Mayo, following extensional collapse of the Grampian Orogen starting at ˜468 Ma, with minor input from a southerly arc source. The lack of metamorphic input from the S until deposition of the Derryeeny Conglomerate argues that the Connemara terrane was not positioned S of South Mayo Trough through strike-slip faulting until after the end of Rosroe sedimentation (460–443 Ma).","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"101 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88453762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Tylosaurus ivoensis: a giant mosasaur from the early Campanian of Sweden 伊沃特龙:一种来自瑞典坎帕尼亚早期的巨型沧龙

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S026359330000033X

J. Lindgren, Mikael Siverson

{"title":"Tylosaurus ivoensis: a giant mosasaur from the early Campanian of Sweden","authors":"J. Lindgren, Mikael Siverson","doi":"10.1017/S026359330000033X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S026359330000033X","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nominal species Mosasaurus ivoensis from the latest early Campanian of the Kristianstad Basin in southern Sweden, is redescribed and assigned to the tylosaurine genus Tylosaurus on the basis of its dental and vertebral morphology. A partial skeleton (KUVP 1024) from the late Coniacian to earliest Campanian Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Formation in western Kansas, USA, was previously referred to “M”. ivoensis. Nevertheless, its marginal teeth are markedly different, both in size and morphology, from those of topotypic T. ivoensis. Examination of type specimens and topotypic material of the nominal tylosaurines Hainosaurus pembinensis from the late early Campanian of Manitoba, Canada, H. gaudryi from the late Santonian or early Campanian of northwestern France, and H. lonzeensis from the Coniacian or Santonian of Belgium, indicates that all three may be Tylosaurus. The utility of isolated tooth-crowns in mosasaur taxonomy has been hampered by the often poor quality of the published illustrations of these fossils in combination with poor stratigraphic control. All Swedish remains of T. ivoensis, including 172 marginal teeth, 6 pterygoid teeth, several jawbone fragments and 12 vertebrae, were collected from a narrow stratigraphic interval corresponding to the highest biozone in the German eight-fold division of the early Campanian, providing the first good insight into the intraspecific dental variation in a tylosaurine mosasaur.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"446 1","pages":"73 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76352168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 71

Stratigraphy and geochemistry of volcanic mass flows in the Stac Fada Member of the Stoer Group, Torridonian, NW Scotland 苏格兰西北部托里多尼亚斯托尔群Stac Fada段火山体流的地层学和地球化学

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000298

G. M. Young

引用次数: 26

Shark fauna and depositional environment of the earliest Cretaceous Vitabäck Clays at Eriksdal, southern Sweden 瑞典南部Eriksdal最早白垩纪的鲨鱼动物群和沉积环境Vitabäck粘土

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000328

J. Rees

{"title":"Shark fauna and depositional environment of the earliest Cretaceous Vitabäck Clays at Eriksdal, southern Sweden","authors":"J. Rees","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000328","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A section of the Vitabäck Clays at Eriksdal in southern Sweden was sampled for vertebrate fossils. Large bulk samples were collected from three horizons, including two coquina beds, VC3 and VC11, and a silty clay bed, VC7. Shark teeth are very common and constitute the main portion of the vertebrate material discussed herein. The selachian tooth faunas are almost exclusively represented by hybodonts, although a single tooth from a neoselachian shark, Squatinidae indet., was recorded from one horizon (VC3). Hybodont species identified from the Vitabäck Clay samples include Egertonodus basanus, Hybodus parvidens and Parvodus rugianus. Hybodont remains, other than teeth, include five morphotypes of placoid scales, incomplete cephalic spines and fragmentary fin spines. Other fossil groups represented in the sieved residues from the bulk samples include bivalves, gastropods and bony fish. Together with the selachians, they indicate fluctuating palaeosalinities in the area. The lower coquina bed, VC3, includes taxa indicating mesohaline conditions while the composition of the fauna in the other coquina bed, VC11, suggests oligohaline settings. In bed VC7, the presence of amphibian remains and the rarity of selachian fossils indicate an even lower salinity. Palynomorphs from the basal part of the section, immediately below bed VC3, indicate an earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) age.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"59 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84581270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

The dermal skull roof of Acanthostega gunnari, an early tetrapod from the Late Devonian 泥盆纪晚期早期四足动物冈纳棘螈的真皮头盖骨

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000304

J. Clack

{"title":"The dermal skull roof of Acanthostega gunnari, an early tetrapod from the Late Devonian","authors":"J. Clack","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dermal skull roof of Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik is described in detail, giving new information on the anatomy, and new reconstructions of the skull in dorsal, lateral and occipital views, as well as sections through the skull at two points. The types of suture are compared with those of temnospondyls and discosauriscids, comparable animals in terms of habit and skull shape. The skull-bones of Acanthostega are much more closely integrated with each other than those of the two later groups. However, regions of relatively less firmly and more firmly sutured regions are comparable in position. This may be connected with having the lateral lines accommodated in tubes in Acanthostega rather than grooves, or some other property of the dermal bone in the later groups that reduced the need for stronger integration. The post-orbital region of the skull (skull table) is the most strongly integrated region, possibly connected with the need for attachment of occipital musculature. The skull table and dentition are the most labile of cranial features among Devonian tetrapods, whereas the snout, cheek, palate and infradentary regions remain conservative. These are for the most part the lateral-line-bearing regions of the skull. The specimens of Acanthostega found at one site on Stensiö Bjerg may form part of a year-group that had perhaps come together for spawning.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"17 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78099578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Towards a physics of dowsing: inverse effects in the northern and southern hemispheres 探测物理学:北半球和南半球的反向效应

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000341

R. Dodd, J. Harris, C. M. Humphries, V. Reddish

{"title":"Towards a physics of dowsing: inverse effects in the northern and southern hemispheres","authors":"R. Dodd, J. Harris, C. M. Humphries, V. Reddish","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000341","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It has been known for some years that parallel horizontal structures separated in a vertical plane produce patterns of equally spaced parallel lines that can be detected and mapped by dowsing detector rods, indicating that the patterns are produced by interaction between the structures and the dowsing field, whatever that is. Consequently the arrangement is called a dowsing interferometer and the lines are referred to as interference fringes. The patterns are produced equally well by electrical insulators as by electrical conductors, and the inference that the field is not electromagnetic was confirmed by experiments carried out in an electromagnetically shielded laboratory. Measurements of interferometer fringe spacings made irregularly from 1991 to 1996, analysed retrospectively, were found to be dependent on time of year, decreasing relatively suddenly by a factor of about three in November and increasing again in April. An isolated rise and fall in early March was also found. These results were confirmed by more frequent measurements in 1997 and published the following year. This paper reports a co-operative programme of interferometry between Scotland and New Zealand from 1997 to 2001. The annual pattern of the fringe spacing is clearly defined, with rapid changes between 2m and 6m in November and in April, and an isolated event in early March; but remarkably the pattern in the southern hemisphere is inverted with respect to that in the north. There are differences of a few days in the timings of the events in the north and south, and the amplitude of the March event is increasing. This paper is a continuation of the work described in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences89 (1998) 1–9.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"95 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81120958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biostratigraphical and palaeoecological significance of graptolites, trilobites and conodonts in the Middle-Upper Ordovician Andersö Shale: an unusual ‘mixed facies’ deposit in Jämtland, central Sweden 中-上奥陶统Andersö页岩中笔石、三叶虫和牙形刺的生物地层学和古生态学意义:瑞典中部Jämtland的一个不寻常的“混合相”矿床

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000316

C. Pålsson, K. Månsson, S. M. Bergström

{"title":"Biostratigraphical and palaeoecological significance of graptolites, trilobites and conodonts in the Middle-Upper Ordovician Andersö Shale: an unusual ‘mixed facies’ deposit in Jämtland, central Sweden","authors":"C. Pålsson, K. Månsson, S. M. Bergström","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although only about 20m thick, the Andersö Shale contains one of the most diverse, if not the most diverse, late Middle-early Late Ordovician faunas known in Baltoscandia. It includes more than 20 trilobite species, more than 20 species of other shelly fossils, about 10 graptolite species, and about 20 conodont species. Based on its lithology, its geographical position near the foreland basin margin, and the presence of trilobites of the raphiophorid association and conodonts of the Periodon-Pygodus biofacies, this formation is interpreted to represent an outer shelf-upper slope (ramp) deposit laid down in moderately deep water. The co-occurrence of some widespread and biostratigraphically diagnostic conodonts, graptolites and trilobites makes it possible directly to compare distribution patterns of these fossils, establish ties between graptolite and conodont zones, and correlate the formation with units elsewhere in Europe, North America and China. Stratigraphically and faunally, the Andersö Shale is of particular interest in straddling the Middle-Upper Ordovician Series boundary as this boundary is recognised in the new global classification of the Ordovician System.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"35 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89926244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

The age of the Middle Cambrian ‘Paradoxides forchhammeri Grit’ of the Wrekin district, Shropshire, England 英国什罗普郡Wrekin地区的中寒武纪“自相矛盾的forchhammeri砾岩”的时代

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000274

A. Rushton, V. Berg-Madsen

引用次数: 14

The tetrapod Caerorhachis bairdi Holmes and Carroll from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland 苏格兰下石炭世的四足动物卡罗哈奇

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000249

M. Ruta, A. Milner, M. Coates

{"title":"The tetrapod Caerorhachis bairdi Holmes and Carroll from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland","authors":"M. Ruta, A. Milner, M. Coates","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000249","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tetrapod Caerorhachis bairdi, probably from the Pendleian Limestone Coal Group in the Scottish Midland Valley, is rediagnosed and redescribed, and its affinities are discussed. Caerorachis was originally interpreted as a temnospondyl amphibian, based on characters that are now regarded as primitive for tetrapods, or of uncertain polarity. Several features of Caerorhachis (e.g. gastrocentrous vertebrae, curved trunk ribs, reduced dorsal iliac blade, L-shaped tarsal intermedium) are observed in certain primitive amniotes. In particular, Caerorhachis resembles ‘anthracosaurs’, generally considered to be among the most primitive of stem-group amniotes. The phylogenetic position of Caerorhachis is considered in the light of recently published cladistic analyses of Palaeozoic tetrapods. Most analyses place Caerorhachis at the base of, or within, ‘anthracosaurs’. When multiple, equally parsimonious solutions are found, its ‘anthracosaur’ affinities are shown in at least some trees, and are supported by several informative and, generally, highly consistent characters. Alternative phylogenetic placements (e.g. sister taxon to temnospondyls) are usually less well corroborated. If the fundamental evolutionary split of most early tetrapods into stem-group lissamphibians (e.g. temnospondyls) and stem-group amniotes (e.g. ‘anthracosaurs’) is accepted, then the revised interpretation of Caerprhachis sheds light on near-ancestral conditions for Amniota.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"229 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85224567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Silurian and earliest Devonian birkeniid anaspids from the Northern Hemisphere 北半球志留纪和最早的泥盆纪birkeniids

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000250

H. Blom, T. Märss, C. Miller

{"title":"Silurian and earliest Devonian birkeniid anaspids from the Northern Hemisphere","authors":"H. Blom, T. Märss, C. Miller","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300000250","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sculpture of scales and plates of articulated anaspids from the order Birkeniida is described and used to clarify the position of scale taxa previously left in open nomenclature. The dermal skeleton of a well-preserved squamation of Birkenia elegans Traquair, 1898 from the Silurian of Scotland shows a characteristic finely tuberculated sculpture over the whole body. Rhyncholepis parvula Kiær, 1911, Pterygolepis nitida (Kiær, 1911) and Pharyngolepis oblonga Kiær, 1911, from the Silurian of Norway show three other sculpture types. Northern Hemisphere disarticulated scales and plates are described here, supporting a new anaspid taxonomy that includes both articulated and disarticulated material. The diversity, distribution, evolutionary trends and biostratigraphy of anaspids are described in the context of this new taxonomy, which includes six families (two are new) subdivided into 16 genera (10 are new) and 22 species (15 are new). New taxa among Birkeniidae Traquair, 1898 are Birkenia robusta sp. nov. and Hoburgilepis papillata gen. et sp. nov.. Rhyncholepididae Kiær, 1924 includes Rhyncholepis butriangula sp. nov., Silmalepis erinacea gen. et sp. nov., Vesikulepis funiforma gen. et sp. nov., Maurylepis lacrimans gen. et sp. nov., and the previously described Schidiosteus mustelensis Pander, 1856 and Rytidolepis quenstedtii Pander, 1856. Tahulalepididae fam. nov. is represented by Tahulalepis elongituberculata gen. et sp. nov. and the revised T. kingi (Woodward, 1947). Septentrioniidae fam. nov. contains Septentrionia lancifera gen. et sp. nov., S. mucronata gen. et sp. nov., S. dissimilis gen. et sp. nov., S. seducta gen. et sp. nov., Liivilepis curvata gen. et sp. nov., Spokoinolepis alternans gen. et sp. nov. and Manbrookia asperella gen. et sp. nov. The family level position of Ruhnulepis longicostata gen. et sp. nov. is uncertain. Pterygolepididae Obruchev, 1964 and Pharyngolepididae Kiær, 1924 remain monogeneric.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"263 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53