Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences最新文献

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300155631-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300155631-025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"265 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88300951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300146486-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300146486-024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"118 1","pages":"367 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77442911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wally Pitcher and Donegal","authors":"D. Hutton","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800090712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800090712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"xiii - xiv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90347441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRE volume 97 issue 4 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0080456800090682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0080456800090682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"354 7-8","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91470487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wallace Spencer Pitcher (1919-2004): an appreciation","authors":"Bernard Elgey Leake Frse, B. Leake","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800090700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800090700","url":null,"abstract":"Wallace Pitcher, (or Wally, as he was generally known), who died in the Wirral on 4 September 2004, was born in London on 3 March 1919, and became the leading and most distinguished British expert on granites and their emplacement mechanisms, the geology of Donegal and the Donegal granites and, with John Cobbing, the geology of the Peruvian batholith. He was elected an Honorary FRSE in 1993. His parents, Harry George and Irene Bertha Pitcher, lived modestly in Acton, west London, although his father was still in the Army when he was born. His father had joined the army before becoming trained and chose to stay in for about two years after the First World War, as work was hard to find; eventually he became a plumber. His mother worked for a time as a dressmaker but was mostly a housewife, as was usual then. He was an only child and went to Hounslow and Bulstrode Schools and, at the age of 13, to Acton Technical School, where he took a matriculation course and also received a good technical education. He showed an early interest in fossils, collecting his first London Clay fossil by the age of ten from a local excavation and, by his early twenties, he was an amateur expert on the Tertiary fauna of the London Clay.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"vii - xii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91037285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the plutonic-volcanic link: a zircon U-Pb, Lu-Hf and O isotope study of paired volcanic and granitic units from southeastern Australia","authors":"A. Kemp, C. Hawkesworth, B. Paterson, G. Foster, P. Kinny, M. Whitehouse, R. Maas, Eimf","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300001498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300001498","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relationship between plutonic and volcanic rocks is central to understanding the geochemical evolution of silicic magma systems, but it is clouded by ambiguities associated with unravelling the plutonie record. Here we report an integrated U-Pb, O and Lu-Hf isotope study of zircons from three putative granitic-volcanic rock pairs from the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia, to explore the connection between the intrusive and extrusive realms. The data reveal contrasting petrogenetic scenarios for the S- and I-type pairs. The zircon Hf-O isotope systematics in an 1-type dacite are very similar to those of their plutonie counterpart, supporting an essentially co-magmatic relationship between these units. The elevated δ18O of zircons in these I-type rocks confirm a significant supracrustal source component. The S-type volcanic rocks are not the simple erupted equivalents of the granites, although the extrusive and plutonie units can be related by open-system magmatic evolution. Zircons in the S-type rocks define covariant εΗf—βO arrays that attest to mixing or assimilation processes between two components, one being the Ordovician metasedimentary country rocks, the other either an I-type magma or a mantle-derived magma. The data are consistent with models involving incremental melt extraction from relatively juvenile magmas undergoing open-system differentiation at depth, followed by crystal-liquid mixing upon emplacement in shallow magma reservoirs, or upon eruption. The latter juxtaposes crystals with markedly different petrogenetic histories and determines whole-rock geochemical and textural properties. This scenario can explain the puzzling decoupling between the bulk rock isotope and geochemical compositions commonly observed for granite suites.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"337 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76420115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sources of granitic melt in Deep Hot Zones","authors":"C. Annen, J. Blundy, R. Sparks","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300001462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300001462","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A Deep Hot Zone develops when numerous mafic sills are repeatedly injected at Moho depth or are scattered in the lower crust. The melt generation is numerically modelled for mafic sill emplacement geometries by overaccretion, underaccretion or random emplacement, and for intrusion rates of 2, 5 and 10mm/yr. After an incubation period, melts are generated by incomplete crystallisation of the mafic magma and by partial melting of the crust. The first melts generated are residual from the mafic magmas that have low solidi due to concentration of H20 in the residual liquids. Once the solidus of the crust is reached, the ratio of crustal partial melt to residual melt increases to a maximum. If wet mafic magma, typical of arc environments, is injected in an amphibolitic crust, the residual melt is dominant over the partial melt, which implies that the generation of I-type granites is dominated by the crystallisation of mafic magma originated from the mantle and not by the partial melting of earlier underplated material. High ratios of crustal partial melt over residual melt are reached when sills are scattered in a metasedimentary crust, allowing the generation of S-type granites. The partial melting of a refractory granulitic crust intruded by dry, high-T mafic magma is limited and subordinate to the production of larger amount of residual melt in the mafic sills. Thus the generation of A-type granites by partial melting of a refractory crust would require a mechanism of selective extraction of the A-type melt.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"297 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77133800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRE volume 97 issue 4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0080456800090670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0080456800090670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"1989 1","pages":"f1 - f5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90354055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Royal Society of Edinburgh, James Hutton, the Clerks of Penicuik and the Igneous Origin of Granite","authors":"D. B. Mclntyre","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800090852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800090852","url":null,"abstract":"Mauna Kea in Hawaii is the world’s tallest mountain — about 1000 m taller than Mount Everest (Science, volume 313, 22 September 2006, p. 1732). Near the summit, at an altitude of 4092 m, is the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) — the largest astronomical telescope designed to operate in the sub-millimetre wavelength region of the spectrum. In 1987 the JCMT was dedicated by HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and named for the physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879). Sir John Dutton Clerk of Penicuik Bt, CBE, VRD, DL FRSE (1917-2002) represented the family.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"Suppl. 1 - Suppl. 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75122624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eleven million years of arc volcanism at the Aucanquilcha Volcanic Cluster, northern Chilean Andes: implications for the life span and emplacement of plutons","authors":"A. Grunder, E. Klemetti, T. Feeley, C. McKee","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300001541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300001541","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The arid climate of the Altiplano has preserved a volcanic history of ∼11 million years at the Aucanquilcha Volcanic Cluster (AVC), northern Chile, which is built on thick continental crust. The AVC has a systematic temporal, spatial, compositional and mineralogical development shared by other long-lived volcanic complexes, indicating a common pattern in continental magmatism with implications for the development of underlying plutonic complexes, that in turn create batholiths. The AVC is a ∼700-km2, Tertiary to Recent cluster of at least 19 volcanoes that have erupted andesite and dacite lavas (∼55 to 68 wt.% SiO2) and a small ash-flow tuff, totalling 327 ± 20 km3. Forty 40Ar/39Ar ages for the AVC range from 10.97 ± 0.35 to 0.24 ± 0.05 Ma and define three major 1-5 to 3 million-year pulses of volcanism followed by the present pulse expressed as Volcán Aucanquilcha. The first stage of activity (∼ll-8 Ma, Alconcha Group) produced seven volcanoes and the 2-km3 Ujina ignimbrite and is a crudely bimodal suite of pyroxene andesite and dacite. After a possible two million year hiatus, the second stage of volcanism (∼ 6-4 Ma, Gordo Group) produced at least five volcanoes ranging from pyroxene andesite to dacite. The third stage (∼4-2 Ma, Polan Group) represents a voluminous pulse of activity, with eruption of at least another five volcanoes, broadly distributed in the centre of the AVC, and composed dominantly of biotite amphibole dacite; andesites at this stage occur as magmatic inclusions. The most recent activity ( 1 Ma to recent) is in the centre of the AVC at Volcán Aucanquilcha, a potentially active composite volcano made of biotite-amphibole dacite with andesite and dacite magmatic inclusions. These successive eruptive groups describe (1) a spatial pattern of volcanism from peripheral to central, (2) a corresponding change from compositionally diverse andesite-dacite volcanism to compositionally increasingly restricted and increasingly silicic dacite, (3) a change from early anhydrous mafic silicate assemblages (pyroxene dominant) to later biotite amphibole dacite, (4) an abrupt increase in eruption rate; and (5) the onset of pervasive hydrothermal alteration. The evolutionary succession of the 327-km3 AVC is similar to other long-lived intermediate volcanic complexes of very different volumes, e.g., eastern Nevada (thousands of km3, Gans et al. 1989; Grander 1995), Yanacocha, Perú (tens of km3, Longo 2005), and the San Juan Volcanic System (tens of thousands of km3, Lipman 2007) and finds an analogue in the 10-m.y. history and incremental growth of the Cretaceous Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (Coleman et al. 2004; Glazner et al. 2004). The present authors interpret the AVC to reflect episodic sampling of the protracted and fitful development of an integrated and silicic middle to upper crustal magma reservoir over a period of at least 11 million years.","PeriodicalId":83368,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: earth sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"415 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78684489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}