Archives of Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"A genetic variant in the TAPBP gene enhances cervical cancer susceptibility by increasing m6A modification","authors":"Jing Hu,&nbsp;Shizhi Wang,&nbsp;Xing Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjing Yan,&nbsp;Haohan Liu,&nbsp;Xue Chen,&nbsp;Yamei Nie,&nbsp;Fengying Liu,&nbsp;Yun Zheng,&nbsp;Yiran Lu,&nbsp;Hua Jin","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03820-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03820-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genetic variants can affect gene expression by altering the level of N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modifications. A better understanding of the association of these genetic variants with susceptibility to cervical cancer (CC) can promote advances in disease screening and treatment. Genome-wide identification of m⁶A-associated functional SNPs for CC was performed using the TCGA and JENGER databases, incorporating the data from RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq. The screened risk-associated SNP rs1059288 (A&gt;G), which is located in the 3′ UTR of TAPBP, was further validated in a case–control study involving 921 cases and 1077 controls. The results revealed a significant association between rs1059288 and the risk of CC (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13–1.92). Mechanistically, the presence of the risk G allele of rs1059288 was associated with increased m⁶A modification of TAPBP compared with the A allele. This modification was facilitated by the m⁶A methyltransferase METTL14 and the reading protein YTHDF2. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays containing 61 CC and 45 normal tissues showed an overexpression of TAPBP in CC. Furthermore, the upregulation of TAPBP promoted the growth and migration of CC cells as well as tumor-forming ability, inhibited apoptosis, and conferred increased resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs such as bleomycin, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Knockdown of TAPBP inhibited the JAK/STAT/MICB signaling pathway in CC cells and upregulated certain immune genes including ISG15, IRF3, PTPN6, and HLA-A. These findings offer insights into the involvement of genetic variations in TAPBP in the development and progression of CC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3425 - 3438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting ferroptosis by natural products in pathophysiological conditions","authors":"Daheng Zheng,&nbsp;Shikai Jin,&nbsp;Pu-Ste Liu,&nbsp;Jianping Ye,&nbsp;Xin Xie","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03812-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03812-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is induced by iron-mediated accumulation of lipid peroxidation. The involvement of ferroptosis in different pathophysiological conditions has offered new perspectives on potential therapeutic interventions. Natural products, which are widely recognized for their significance in drug discovery and repurposing, have shown great promise in regulating ferroptosis by targeting various ferroptosis players. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and its implications in different pathological conditions. We dissect the interactions between natural products and ferroptosis in cancer, ischemia/reperfusion, neurodegenerative diseases, acute kidney injury, liver injury, and cardiomyopathy, with an emphasis on the relevance of ferroptosis players to disease targetability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3191 - 3208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atorvastatin exerts a preventive effect against steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head by modulating Wnt5a release","authors":"Junfeng Wu,&nbsp;Tao Chen,&nbsp;Minghang Zhang,&nbsp;Xing Li,&nbsp;Rongkun Fu,&nbsp;Jianzhong Xu,&nbsp;Andreas Nüssler,&nbsp;Chenxi Gu","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03817-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03817-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a prevalent form of osteonecrosis in young individuals. More efficacious clinical strategies must be used to prevent and treat this condition. One of the mechanisms through which SONFH operates is the disruption of normal differentiation in bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts due to prolonged and extensive use of glucocorticoids (GCs). In vitro, it was observed that atorvastatin (ATO) effectively suppressed the impact of dexamethasone (DEX) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), specifically by augmenting their lipogenic differentiation while impeding their osteogenic differentiation. To investigate the underlying mechanisms further, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of BMSCs subjected to different treatments, leading to the identification of Wnt5a as a crucial gene regulated by ATO. The analyses showed that ATO exhibited the ability to enhance the expression of Wnt5a and modulate the MAPK pathway while regulating the Wnt canonical signaling pathway via the WNT5A/LRP5 pathway. Our experimental findings provide further evidence that the combined treatment of ATO and DEX effectively mitigates the effects of DEX, resulting in the upregulation of osteogenic genes (Runx2, Alpl, Tnfrsf11b, Ctnnb1, Col1a) and the downregulation of adipogenic genes (Pparg, Cebpb, Lpl), meanwhile leading to the upregulation of Wnt5a expression. So, this study offers valuable insights into the potential mechanism by which ATO can be utilized in the prevention of SONFH, thereby holding significant implications for the prevention and treatment of SONFH in clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3365 - 3380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of phase-I and phase-II metabolites and the metabolic pathway of the novel synthetic cannabinoid 5F-EDMB-PICA in vitro","authors":"Yujie Gao,&nbsp;Kaiting Shi,&nbsp;Peipei Wang,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Chenxi Liu,&nbsp;Liya Luo,&nbsp;Yanchen Lin,&nbsp;Lin Yang,&nbsp;Rongji Yang,&nbsp;Linchuan Liao","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03790-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03790-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>5F-EDMB-PICA is a newly emerged synthetic cannabinoid which has been characterized in relevant literature in recent years. Although phase-I metabolites of 5F-EDMB-PICA have been partly reported, the phase-II metabolism of this synthetic cannabinoid has not been studied yet. In this study, we established a phase-I and phase-II metabolism model in vitro by using pooled human liver microsomes, NADPH regeneration system, and UGT incubation system, with 1 mg/ml 5F-EDMB-PICA added and incubated at 37 °C for 60 min. The metabolites were analyzed by Q Exactive™ Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ Mass Spectrometer, via which we discovered and identified 14 phase-I metabolites and 4 phase-II metabolites of 5F-EDMB-PICA, involving pathways such as ester hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, hydrolytic defluorination, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, glucuronidation, and combinations of the pathways mentioned above. We recommend considering the monohydroxylation metabolites (M9, M10) with higher content and intact ester and 5-fluoropentyl structures as potential biomarkers of 5F-EDMB-PICA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 9","pages":"2879 - 2888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro screening of understudied PFAS with a focus on lipid metabolism disruption","authors":"Lackson Kashobwe,&nbsp;Faezeh Sadrabadi,&nbsp;Albert Braeuning,&nbsp;Pim E. G. Leonards,&nbsp;Thorsten Buhrke,&nbsp;Timo Hamers","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03814-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals used in many industrial applications. Exposure to PFAS is associated with several health risks, including a decrease in infant birth weight, hepatoxicity, disruption of lipid metabolism, and decreased immune response. We used the in vitro cell models to screen six less studied PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA), and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA)] for their capacity to activate nuclear receptors and to cause differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Cytotoxicity assays were run in parallel to exclude that observed differential gene expression was due to cytotoxicity. Based on the cytotoxicity assays and gene expression studies, PFOSA was shown to be more potent than other tested PFAS. PFOSA decreased the gene expression of crucial genes involved in bile acid synthesis and detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol transport, and lipid metabolism regulation. Except for 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTSA, all tested PFAS downregulated <i>PPARA</i> gene expression. The reporter gene assay also showed that 8:2 FTSA transactivated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Based on this study, PFOSA, 6:2 FTSA, and 8:2 FTSA were prioritized for further studies to confirm and understand their possible effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3381 - 3395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Screening for ferroptosis genes related to endometrial carcinoma and predicting of targeted drugs based on bioinformatics","authors":"Rui Wang,&nbsp;Wei Lang,&nbsp;Qian Xue,&nbsp;Le Zhang,&nbsp;Yunzhu Xujia,&nbsp;Chaofan Wang,&nbsp;Xin Fang,&nbsp;Shidi Gao,&nbsp;Li Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03804-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03804-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 9","pages":"3167 - 3168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a postmortem redistribution affect the concentrations of the 7 azaindole-derived synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA in tissues and body fluids following pulmonary administration to pigs?","authors":"Adrian A. Doerr,&nbsp;Frederike Nordmeier,&nbsp;Nadja Walle,&nbsp;Matthias W. Laschke,&nbsp;Michael D. Menger,&nbsp;Markus R. Meyer,&nbsp;Peter H. Schmidt,&nbsp;Nadine Schaefer","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03815-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03815-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many fatal intoxications have been reported in connection with the consumption of newer, highly potent synthetic cannabinoids. Yet, a possible postmortem redistribution (PMR) might complicate reliable interpretation of analytical results. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the PMR-potential of new synthetic cannabinoids. The pig model has already proven to be suitable for this purpose. Hence, the aim of this study was to study the PMR of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and its main metabolite 5F-MDMB-P7AICA-dimethylbutanoic acid (DBA). 5F-MDMB-P7AICA (200 µg/kg body weight) was administered by inhalation to anesthetized and ventilated pigs. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and stored at room temperature for 3 days. Tissue and body fluid samples were taken daily. Specimens were analyzed after solid phase extraction using a standard addition method and LC–MS/MS, blood was quantified after protein precipitation using a validated method. In perimortem samples, 5F-MDMB-P7AICA was found mainly in adipose tissue, bile fluid, and duodenum contents. Small amounts of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA were found in blood, muscle, brain, liver, and lung. High concentrations of DBA were found primarily in bile fluid, duodenum contents, urine, and kidney/perirenal fat tissue. In the remaining tissues, rather low amounts could be found. In comparison to older synthetic cannabinoids, PMR of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA was less pronounced. Concentrations in blood also appear to remain relatively stable at a low level postmortem. Muscle, kidney, fat, and duodenum content are suitable alternative matrices for the detection of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and DBA, if blood specimens are not available. In conclusion, concentrations of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and its main metabolite DBA are not relevantly affected by PMR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3289 - 3298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing lipid constituents of B. moojeni snake venom: a comparative approach for chemical and biological investigations","authors":"Nathalia Santos Carvalho,&nbsp;Viviani Nardini,&nbsp;Raul Moyses Veronezes,&nbsp;Jéssica Burlamaque Maciel,&nbsp;Amanda Cristina Trabuco,&nbsp;Mirian Félix De Carvalho,&nbsp;Caroline Fontanari,&nbsp;Marco Aurélio Sartim,&nbsp;Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes,&nbsp;Lúcia Helena Faccioli","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03809-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03809-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Snake venoms are complex mixtures majorly composed of proteins with well-studied biological effects. However, the exploration of non-protein components, especially lipids, remains limited despite their potential for discovering bioactive molecules. This study compares three liquid–liquid lipid extraction methods for both chemical and biological analyses of <i>Bothrops moojeni</i> snake venom. The methods evaluated include the Bligh and Dyer method (methanol, chloroform, water), considered standard; the Acunha method, a modification of the Bligh and Dyer protocol; and the Matyash method (MTBE/methanol/water), featuring an organic phase less dense than the aqueous phase. Lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) system revealed comparable values of lipid constituents’ peak intensity across different extraction methods. Our results show that all methods effectively extracted a similar quantity of lipid species, yielding approximately 17–18 subclasses per method. However, the Matyash and Acunha methods exhibited notably higher proportions of biologically active lipids compared to the Bligh and Dyer method, particularly in extracting lipid species crucial for cellular structure and function, such as sphingomyelins and phosphatidylinositol-phosphate. In conclusion, when selecting a lipid extraction method, it is essential to consider the study's objectives. For a biological approach, it is crucial to evaluate not only the total quantity of extracted lipids but also their quality and biological activity. The Matyash and Acunha methods show promise in this regard, potentially offering a superior option for extracting biologically active lipids compared to the Bligh and Dyer method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3491 - 3502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rats exposed to Alternaria toxins in vivo exhibit altered liver activity highlighted by disruptions in riboflavin and acylcarnitine metabolism","authors":"Jesse T. Peach,&nbsp;Hannes Puntscher,&nbsp;Harald Höger,&nbsp;Doris Marko,&nbsp;Benedikt Warth","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03810-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03810-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural toxins produced by <i>Alternaria</i> fungi include the mycotoxins alternariol, tenuazonic acid and altertoxins I and II. Several of these toxins have shown high toxicity even at low levels including genotoxic, mutagenic, and estrogenic effects. However, the metabolic effects of toxin exposure from <i>Alternaria</i> are understudied, especially in the liver as a key target. To gain insight into the impact of <i>Alternaria</i> toxin exposure on the liver metabolome, rats (<i>n</i> = 21) were exposed to either (1) a complex culture extract with defined toxin profiles from <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (50 mg/kg body weight), (2) the isolated, highly genotoxic altertoxin-II (ATX-II) (0.7 mg/kg of body weight) or (3) a solvent control. The complex mixture contained a spectrum of <i>Alternaria</i> toxins including a controlled dose of ATX-II, matching the concentration of the isolated ATX-II. Liver samples were collected after 24 h and analyzed via liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Authentic reference standards (&gt; 100) were used to identify endogenous metabolites and exogenous compounds from the administered exposures in tandem with SWATH-acquired MS/MS data which was used for non-targeted analysis/screening. Screening for metabolites produced by <i>Alternaria</i> revealed several compounds solely isolated in the liver of rats exposed to the complex culture, confirming results from a previously performed targeted biomonitoring study. This included the altersetin and altercrasin A that were tentatively identified. An untargeted metabolomics analysis found upregulation of acylcarnitines in rats receiving the complex <i>Alternaria</i> extract as well as downregulation of riboflavin in rats exposed to both ATX-II and the complex mixture. Taken together, this work provides a mechanistic view of <i>Alternari</i> toxin exposure and new suspect screening insights into hardly characterized <i>Alternaria</i> toxins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3477 - 3489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous multi-targeted forensic toxicological screening in biological matrices by MRM-IDA-EPI mode","authors":"Martina Franzin,&nbsp;Rebecca Di Lenardo,&nbsp;Rachele Ruoso,&nbsp;Paolo Dossetto,&nbsp;Stefano D’Errico,&nbsp;Riccardo Addobbati","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03806-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03806-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The toxicologist ascertains drug assumptions in case of paediatric intoxications and death for overdose. The analytical approach consists of initially screening and consequently confirming drug positivity. We developed a toxicological screening method and validated its use comparing the results with a LC–MS/MS analysis. The method identifies 751 drugs and metabolites (704 in positive and 47 in negative mode). Chromatographic separation was achieved eluting mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium formate) and B (0.05% formic acid in methanol) in gradient on Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl (50 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) with 0.7 mL/min flow rate for 11 min. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) was adopted as survey scan and, after an Information-Dependent Analysis (IDA) (threshold of 30,000 for positive and 1000 cps for negative mode), the Enhanced Product Ion (scan range: 50–700 amu) was triggered. The MS/MS spectrum generated was compared with one of the libraries for identification. Data processing was optimised through creation of rules. Sample preparation, mainly consisting of deproteinization and enzymatic hydrolysis, was set up for different matrices (blood, urine, vitreous humor, synovial fluid, cadaveric tissues and larvae). Cut-off for most analytes resulted in the lowest concentration tested. When the results from the screening and LC–MS/MS analysis were compared, an optimal percentage of agreement (100%) was assessed for all matrices. Method applicability was evaluated on real paediatric intoxications and forensic cases. In conclusion, we proposed a multi-targeted, fast, sensitive and specific MRM-IDA-EPI screening having an extensive use in different toxicological fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":"98 10","pages":"3231 - 3240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}