The School science review最新文献_第7页

The "Value" of a College Education 大学教育的“价值

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443438

F. Hammack

{"title":"The \"Value\" of a College Education","authors":"F. Hammack","doi":"10.1086/443438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/443438","url":null,"abstract":"What are schools and colleges for? What are the criteria we should use to evaluate their achievement of these purposes? Questions such as these have stimulated countless debates, reforms, and counterreforms in American education and provide the underlying issues addressed by the two books reviewed here. Both books appear at a time when such questions are of great importance and are explicit attempts to assess the performance of higher education in the United States. One definition of what higher education is for-enhancing the job opportunities of graduates-is examined by Freeman's The Overeducated American, while Bowen's Investment in Learning explores a variety of definitions. The implication of Freeman's work is that the ability of higher education to provide good job opportunities for graduates is diminishing, and that serious and far-reaching consequences will follow for both individuals and society. Bowen, on the other hand, argues forcibly for the efficacy of economic payoffs, as well as noneconomic benefits, and encourages a renewed effort to expand higher education in this country. Both books have gone public, in the sense that they have been reviewed and discussed far more widely than is usual for such studies of higher education. Both are written by economists and use language and categories from economics; both attempt empirically based and policy-oriented examinations of higher education. In one sense, the Bowen book, appearing a year later, is an answer in the same universe of discourse to the problems identified by Freeman. Although his title implies more than this, Freeman's work is essentially an analysis of the changing labor market for the college educated during the last 10-15 years. The book presents a discussion","PeriodicalId":83260,"journal":{"name":"The School science review","volume":"9 1","pages":"669 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81864060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Books and Bombs: Ideological Conflict and the Schools: A Case Study of the Kanawha County Book Protest 书籍与炸弹:意识形态冲突与学校:以卡纳瓦县图书抗议为例

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443436

G. Hillocks

{"title":"Books and Bombs: Ideological Conflict and the Schools: A Case Study of the Kanawha County Book Protest","authors":"G. Hillocks","doi":"10.1086/443436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/443436","url":null,"abstract":"On the two days after Labor Day 1974, Kanawha County, West Virginia erupted into the national media with what was to be the most prolonged, intense, and violent textbook protest this country has ever witnessed. Inflamed over language arts books which had been adopted the previous spring, protesters began a boycott on the first day of school which kept thousands of students out of the county's public schools--many for the full school year. On the second day, nearly all coal miners in Kanawha County, and many in neighboring Boone and Fayette Counties, refused to cross picket lines set up by the protesters. As the controversy gained momentum, there were shootings, strikes against other industries, threats against the lives and families of \"probook\" and \"anti-book\" people alike, fire bombings and dynamitings of school property, and dozens of arrests. The shock waves of that protest have been felt in schools and in the corporate offices of publishers across the country. More important, and more frightening to some, the protest demands an assessment of the basic assumptions underlying public education. The events which led to the furor were commonplace enough. In I am indebted to Philip W. Jackson for his encouragement and to the Spencer Fund at the University of Chicago for its support in permitting me to spend several weeks in Kanawha County collecting the printed materials, tape recordings, and personal interviews upon which this article is based.","PeriodicalId":83260,"journal":{"name":"The School science review","volume":"54 4 1","pages":"632 - 654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83235814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Curriculum: Principles and Foundations. Robert S. Zais 课程:原理与基础。罗伯特·s·扎伊斯

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443446

Norman J. Bauer

引用次数: 3

Educators in Supply and Demand: Effects on Quality 供求中的教育工作者:对质量的影响

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443434

W. Weaver

{"title":"Educators in Supply and Demand: Effects on Quality","authors":"W. Weaver","doi":"10.1086/443434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/443434","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses four propositions. (1) There is a large teacher surplus, although its exact dimension is as questionable as that of the elephant described by the blind men. Furthermore, there has been a general collapse of the college job market, brought about in part by the shrinking market for teachers. (2) Part of the rhetoric of the educational establishment has been to deny the existence of a teacher \"surplus\"--calling it, rather, a \"shortage.\" I take the position that such an argument is unpromising, even if correct, because schools of education may be the least likely institutions to be able to provide the quality teachers in short supply. (3) The rhetoric of the institutions which train teachers says that the response to this problem has been (and ought to remain) benign neglect--or, let the buyer beware. (4) The evidence thus far accumulated suggests, in actuality, that an entirely different response is taking place: intake adjustments are being made in some cases which result in rising ratios of acceptances to applications, reaching a situation akin to open enrollments. The result is declining standards and much lower SAT verbal and math scores among entering freshmen in teacher education and in other fields in which market demand has weakened. There are some very serious implications for the future; those in teacher preparation today constitute the pool of talent from which tomorrow's leaders must be drawn.","PeriodicalId":83260,"journal":{"name":"The School science review","volume":"41 1","pages":"552 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89673209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Reverse Discrimination. Barry R. Gross 反向歧视。巴里·r·格罗斯

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443439

Laurence R. Marcus

引用次数: 0

The Open University. Walter Perry 开放大学。沃尔特·佩里

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443440

W. R. Niblett

引用次数: 0

Book Review:Dynamic Educational Change Gerald Zaltman, David Florio, Linda Sikorski 书评:动态教育变革杰拉尔德·扎尔特曼，大卫·弗洛里奥，琳达·西科尔斯基

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443444

Laurence Hall

引用次数: 0

The New Law of the Curriculum 新课程法

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443435

Tyll van Geel

{"title":"The New Law of the Curriculum","authors":"Tyll van Geel","doi":"10.1086/443435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/443435","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty years ago, a treatise on the law of the school curriculum would have begun by stressing that pursuant to the Tenth Amendment the authority to determine the content of the program of the public schools resides in the states. From that premise, the treatise would have turned to a recitation of the relevant state constitutional provisions as they affected the establishment and operation of the public educational systems of the states. Attention then might have been paid to how the state legislatures carried out their constitutional duties and powers in specifying the content of the school program and in allocating administrative authority over the schools. The treatise would have reviewed the few basic curricular requirements of the legislatures, and we would have been informed that the states had required that schools offer and students take courses in American history, the U.S. constitution and state constitutions, the principles of good citizenship, English, arithmetic, the effects of alcoholic drinks, and the rules of road safety. Religious exercises, the treatise would have informed us, could be and were required in the public schools, although by 1943 the Supreme Court had prohibited the requiring of students, on pain of expulsion, to salute the flag. The treatise would also have informed us about the textbook selection laws adopted in some 20 states, as well as other state statutes affecting the length of time for which textbooks must be adopted by local districts. If there were any controversial issues covered by the treatise, they would have involved such questions as whether, under the state constitution, a local district could offer separate schools for the black and white races, whether a local district had the delegated authority to offer a particular program or course, and whether a parent had the right to exempt his or her child from a particular course.","PeriodicalId":83260,"journal":{"name":"The School science review","volume":"107 4 1","pages":"594 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78012823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Vengeance and Forgiveness: The Uses of Beneficence in Social Control 复仇与宽恕:仁慈在社会控制中的应用

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443437

B. Schwartz

{"title":"Vengeance and Forgiveness: The Uses of Beneficence in Social Control","authors":"B. Schwartz","doi":"10.1086/443437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/443437","url":null,"abstract":"Similarity of consciousness is instrumental to the cohesion of social groups; consciousness of similarity is a source of their integrity. These conditions may be undermined by the thoughts, sentiments, and activity of the wayward; but, as Durkheim (1964, pp. 70-110) taught us, they can also be reinforced by a sanction which dramatizes collective commitment to the values challenged by those who transgress them. It does not follow, however, that penal sanction is the necessary condition of social integration, which, among other things, involves the process of living and working together without undue resentment and hostility. Indeed, the purpose of this paper is to show that, in the western world, at least, forbearance is the most important remedy which groups apply to breaches in their social order. I will argue that in the absence of a counterbalance to the punitive impulse, without some value which brings about forgiveness as an end in itself, our society would be rent by perpetual animosity and grudge. Forgiveness is therefore not to be understood as a contingency which tempers an essentially punitive justice; it is more often the prior element in social control. The formula \"All will be forgiven except those deemed worthy of punishment\" thus stands as a counterpoint to the common understanding \"All will be punished except those deemed worthy of forgiveness.\" This holds true for a wide range of social action. Just as the order of face-to-face behavior is sustained in the face of frequent improprieties by remedial apologies and ritualized acceptances, so continual threats to the cohesion of small groups may be negated by the practice of \"making up\" through unilateral or mutual contrition","PeriodicalId":83260,"journal":{"name":"The School science review","volume":"46 1","pages":"655 - 668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85076449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Book Review:Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Michel Foucault, Alan Sheridan 书评:《纪律与惩罚:监狱的诞生》米歇尔·福柯，艾伦·谢里丹

The School science review Pub Date : 1978-08-01 DOI: 10.1086/443441

Sharalyn Popen

引用次数: 0