Archives of Suicide Research最新文献

{"title":"Helping or Hurting? A Qualitative Exploration of Adolescents' Perceptions of Responses to Their Suicide-Related Disclosure.","authors":"Sarah R Sullivan, Isabelle Meneses, Jhovelis Mañanà, Jennifer S Ford, Muhammad Waseem, Regina Miranda","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2025.2611922","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13811118.2025.2611922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States. Timely suicide-related disclosure may be a gateway to life-saving interventions and support, yet little is known about <i>how</i> adolescents interpret the specific responses they receive after disclosing suicide ideation (SI) or suicide attempts (SAs). Existing research has relied heavily on self-report surveys and has not captured the concrete verbal, emotional, and behavioral reactions adolescents perceive as supportive or unsupportive. This study addresses this gap by qualitatively exploring adolescents' recalled experiences of disclosure responses from both informal and formal supports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 82 adolescents (ages 12-19 years) who presented for clinical care related to SI or SA within the prior two weeks. Interviews drew from the Adolescent Suicide Ideation Interview and probed disclosure decisions and perceived reactions. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns in supportive and unsupportive responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis revealed a range of supportive (i.e., Providing Guidance and Supportive Action, Shared Emotional Experiences, Encouragement and Affirmation, Engagement and Communication, and Physical Presence and Comfort) and unsupportive (i.e., Forcible or Coercive Action, Minimizing or Dismissing Concerns, Blame and Guilt-Inducing Responses, and Anger and Hostile Reactions) disclosure responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supportive responses fostered safety and willingness to seek help, while unsupportive responses contributed to emotional distress and the desire to conceal in the future. Findings highlight the importance of caregiver and peer responses following suicide-related disclosure and suggest opportunities for interventions in crisis settings to enhance the disclosure experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"997-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hope Institute: Outcome Data for a New Suicide Treatment Model.","authors":"Derek J Lee, Seth T Robinson, Darcy H Granello, David A Jobes","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2692978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2692978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide remains a growing concern in the United States, with a 35% increase since 2000. Leading experts emphasize the urgent need for effective, suicide-specific treatments. This retrospective study followed a quality improvement design, using a convenience sample and providing transparency of the treatment being provided. Pre- and post- test scores on the Suicide Status Form (SSF-4) were utilized to evaluate suicidal resolution outcomes of The Hope Institute (THI), a novel approach to outpatient treatment for suicidal ideation. THI was built upon evidence-based models, developing a structured approach to suicide treatment that can be implemented and replicated in an outpatient setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study sample consisted of 58 participants with a mean age of 20 years. Notably, 31% of participants had no prior mental health diagnosis, reinforcing the need for interventions that address suicide risk beyond traditional psychiatric models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results demonstrated significant reductions in SSF-4 Core Assessment during treatment, with a large effect size (t(57) = 8.1, <i>p</i> < .001, d = 1.02). Participants achieved resolution in an average of 5.6 weeks, with 98% successfully completing treatment and 5% experiencing readmission to THI or another facility within 90 days. The timeline reflects the adaptability of THI, with trained clinicians collaborating with patients to determine treatment frequency and focus on a patient-centered, evidence-based, approach to foster patient autonomy and suicidal resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals in the sample demonstrated statistically significant pre/post improvements in reductions in suicide risk scores, warranting additional research on THI program effectiveness in larger community samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational and Institutional Disenfranchisement in Suicide Bereavement: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Family Members' Experiences.","authors":"Mateus Eduardo Romão, Sıla Gündoğan, Makilim Nunes Baptista, Serena Barello","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2690232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2690232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to synthesize qualitative evidence on the lived experiences and perceived support needs of suicide-bereaved family members, including extended relatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative systematic review and quote-based thematic meta-synthesis was conducted. Searches were undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were primary qualitative research published in English involving family members bereaved by suicide. Methodological quality was appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research, and confidence in each synthesized finding was assessed using GRADE-CERQual. Verbatim participant quotations extracted from findings/results sections were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis, guided by Doka's disenfranchised grief as a sensitizing framework, with inductive coding for data not captured by the lens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven studies were included. Six cross-cutting themes described suicide bereavement as layered disenfranchisement: (1) stigma and anticipatory judgment prompting secrecy and withdrawal; (2) relational erasure through silence and loss of permission to name the deceased; (3) institutional non-recognition and lack of navigable postvention pathways; (4) moral injury and persistent culpability; (5) embodied, trauma-like distress and enduring existential suffering; and (6) legitimacy repair through peer support, compassionate witnessing, continuing bonds, and meaning-making. Synthesized support needs converged on stigma-competent and culturally safe care, permission-based communication, proactive coordinated pathways, trauma-informed long-term follow-up with attention to suicide risk, and accessible, tailored peer support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Suicide bereavement among family members is frequently shaped by social, relational, and institutional disenfranchisement, with important implications for designing proactive, culturally safe, and longitudinal postvention that addresses both symptom burden and social-ecological barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Overwatch Project for Active-Duty Servicemembers: Suicide Prevention with a Peer-Based Firearms Lethal Means Safety Training Approach.","authors":"Elisa Borah, Joseph C Geraci, Chris M Paine, Emily Edwards, Sofie Glatt, Samantha A Gitlin, Megan A McFadyen-Mungall, Justin D Orr, Nicholas R Lindner, Niklas K Nyblom, Jack Besser, Sara Safi, Paul El-Meouchy, Khanh Diep, Chad Foster, Jason A Wesbrock, Matthew Adamczyk, Michael Keating, Ben Cattermole, Sean Bernabe, Kevin D Admiral, Richard Seim, Marianne Goodman","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2685120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2685120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Death by suicide among U.S. servicemembers is a significant public health concern - firearms are the primary method of suicide for active-duty servicemembers. The Overwatch Project provides peer-based firearms lethal means safety training for servicemembers to mitigate future risk. This study reports on the effectiveness of this training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal, quasi-experimental and matched-cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of the Overwatch Project by comparing pre-, post-, and two-month follow-up self-report data for active-duty servicemembers who attended the training (Arm1/Overwatch Project, <i>n</i> = 451) and those who did not (Arm2/Comparison Group, <i>n</i> = 451).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participation in the Overwatch Project training was associated with a significant increase in servicemembers meeting the minimum score on a firearms lethal means safety knowledge assessment (within group; pre-training: 8% vs. post-training: 85%), readiness in executing proactive firearms lethal means safety tasks (between group), creation of a proactive firearms lethal means safety plan for themselves (within group; pre-training: 26% vs. two-month follow-up: 68%), and creation of a similar plan with a peer (within group; pre-training: 26% vs. two-month follow-up: 37%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preliminary findings suggest that the Overwatch Project peer-based firearms lethal means safety training is a promising step towards reducing firearm suicides among servicemembers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Previous Suicide Attempts on Psychotherapy Outcome: A Multiverse Approach to Treatment Success Considering Clinical Severity in Routine Clinical Data.","authors":"Mareike Ernst, L Julian Olivi, Theresa J Gemke, Rüdiger Zwerenz, Adina Kreis, Matthias Michal, Jörg Wiltink, Manfred E Beutel","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2685111","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2685111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evidence of the association between previous suicide attempts and psychotherapy outcome is inconclusive because of a lack of transdiagnostic investigations and diverging methodological approaches to treatment success. The present work aimed to address these research gaps.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used routine patient data (<i>N</i> = 706; <i>N</i> = 118 with a lifetime history of suicide attempts) to investigate the relevance of suicide attempts for outcome using validated instruments (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7)), testing the association in different ways: symptom reductions, achievement of subclinical symptom levels, reliable and clinically significant change (RCI, RCSI), subjective evaluations of the therapeutic relationship (Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ)), and regression models of symptoms at discharge adjusted for baseline severity and personality functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although patients with a history of suicide attempts exhibited greater baseline symptom severity, they achieved comparable reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms (in terms of absolute values as well as using the RCI and RCSI). They achieved comparatively greater mean decreases in suicidal ideation but were less likely to be classified as responders on the suicidal ideation item and less likely to report subclinical levels of depression symptoms or the absence of suicidal ideation at discharge. Regression analyses that controlled for baseline symptoms and the level of personality functioning revealed no independent effect of suicide attempts. Treatment satisfaction and perceived success were comparable across groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Previous suicide attempts are an important marker of clinical severity. While comparable symptom reductions are achieved, reaching the subclinical symptom range might be harder for individuals struggling with suicidality. These findings emphasize the importance of contextualizing treatment success (methodologically and with respect to the individual case).</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Complex Relationship between Combat Experiences and Suicide Deaths, Suicide Attempts, and Suicidal Ideation among U.S. Military Veterans.","authors":"Nathan A Kimbrel, Paul A Dennis, Tapan A Patel, Tate F Halverson, Kirsten H Dillon, Mallory Stephenson, Kyle J Bourassa, Pujan Patel, Xue J Qin, Peter B Barr, Tim B Bigdeli, Chris Chatzinakos, Elizabeth R Hauser, Allison E Ashley-Koch, Jean C Beckham","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2683477","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2683477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Combat has been related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors via increased PTSD and depression in prior work; however, such studies have been limited by sample size, reliance on self-report, failure to account for other disorders, and a limited focus on ideation and attempts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The objective of this study was to overcome these limitations by examining the association between combat and suicide ideation, attempts, and deaths in a large and diverse sample of veterans (<i>N</i> = 324,510) using survey data, electronic health records, and National Death Index data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, combat was positively associated with PTSD and depression, which were, in turn, positively associated with suicide ideation, attempts, and death. Combat was indirectly associated with all three outcomes via PTSD-depression after accounting for the influence of other psychiatric disorders, although the effects were small in magnitude. Combat exposure, PTSD-depression, and other psychiatric disorders collectively accounted for 30-35% of the variance in suicide attempts and suicidal ideation, respectively. In contrast, combat exposure, PTSD-depression, and other psychiatric disorders collectively accounted for only a small fraction of the variance (2%) in suicide deaths.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, our findings suggest that combat is primarily associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (as opposed to suicide deaths) via PTSD and depression (as opposed to other psychiatric conditions). More research is needed to identify predictors of suicide death among military veterans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objectively Measured Social Media Duration in Relation to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Suicide Ideation, and Suicide Attempt Among Young Adults.","authors":"Linfei Dou, Wenhua Wang, Lei Zhang, Qi Zou, Yuan Peng, Abudurexiti Xirennayi, Xinghua Yang, Xiaoqun Liu, Yanling Shu, Mingyang Wu","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2686811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2686811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the relationship between objectively measured social media use and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors, addressing the limitations of prior research that relied on self-reported data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Conducted across six universities in Shaanxi, China, the study tracked weekly social media usage using smartphone monitoring, with a sample size of 7,401 participants. Social media types were classified into social networking applications (SNA), text messaging and messaging applications (TMMA), online forums and community applications (OFCA), and short video applications (SVA). Logistic regression and cubic spline curves were used to estimate the relationships of the overall social media duration or its sub-types with the odds of NSSI and suicidal behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each one-hour increase in social networking applications was significantly associated with increased odds of both NSSI (<i>OR</i> = 1.018; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.007-1.028) and suicide ideation (<i>OR</i> = 1.016; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.007-1.025). In addition, each one-hour increase in online forums and community applications was linked to increased odds of suicide ideation (<i>OR</i> = 1.063; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.029-1.097), while text messaging and messaging applications was associated with higher odds of NSSI (<i>OR</i> = 1.010; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.002-1.017). In contrast, prolonged duration in short videos applications was observed to be associated with decreased odds of NSSI (<i>OR</i> = 0.983; 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.975-0.991) and suicide ideation (<i>OR</i> = 0.988; 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.981-0.995).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>However, no statistically significant association was found between suicide attempt and the total time spent on social media, nor with any of its subtypes. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline analysis showed linear associations of social networking applications and text messaging and messaging applications with the prevalence of NSSI, but U-shaped relationships of text messaging and messaging applications and short videos applications duration with suicide ideation was observed (<i>P</i> for non-linearity < 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Pathways to Suicidal Ideation: Refining the IMV Model in a Trauma-Exposed Iranian Sample.","authors":"Ali Fakhari, Shahram Mohammadkhani, Mehdi Akbari","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2676693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2676693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined associations between childhood trauma (CT) and suicidal ideation (SI) through a mediational path including attachment difficulties (ATT) and entrapment (ENT) in a sequential (CT to ATT to ENT to SI) and parallel (CT to ATT to SI; CT to ENT to SI) manner within the integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) framework. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group SEM (MGSEM) were conducted using the R package <i>lavaan</i>. Data were collected from 694 trauma-exposed adults in Tehran, Iran-a collectivist context with rising suicide rates. The serial model demonstrated significantly better fit than the parallel model (serial: χ² (37) = 136.72, CFI =.96, RMSEA = .06; parallel: χ² (38) = 409.70, CFI =.86, RMSEA =.12), accounting for 44.5% of the variance in suicidal ideation and 68.3% of the variance in entrapment. Emotional abuse and neglect emerged as the strongest predictors in the model. Gender and the history of previous suicide attempt were considered as moderators for the model through MGSEM, while gender clarifies how interpersonal vulnerabilities shape motivational processes; attempt history, typically known as a volitional factor, explains the recurrence of SI in trauma-exposed individuals. These findings provide cross-sectional support for the IMV framework by showing the sequential roles of ATT and ENT as mediators of CT's association with SI, while prioritizing interpersonal factors over defeat due to measurement constraints, and offer insights for targeted interventions addressing these psychological mechanisms in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Invariance of the Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale.","authors":"Halle S Fowler, Austin G Starkey, Raymond P Tucker, Ryan M Hill","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2685838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2685838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The integrated-motivational volitional model of suicide hypothesizes that suicidal ideation emerges due to experiences of defeat and entrapment. The Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale (SDES), which could be used to test this hypothesis, has not been evaluated for measurement invariance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 1,885) completed self-report assessments at baseline and at follow-up (one week later). Measurement invariance was tested across subgroups, which included comparison of gender (cisgender men compared to cisgender women), race and ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black/African American, Non-Hispanic Asian American, and Hispanic), sexuality (heterosexual compared to sexual minority), and suicide attempt history (participants with and without a lifetime suicide attempt).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the one-factor and two-factor solutions of the SDES demonstrated full configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender, race, sexuality, and suicide attempt history.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SDES may be used to assess both defeat/entrapment across all subgroups present in this study. Prior research has suggested that experiences of defeat and entrapment may differ between racial and ethnic groups and those who hold a marginalized sexual or gender identity, and this study supports the use of the SDES as a measure of defeat and entrapment of which you could make group-based comparisons among individuals who identify as heterosexual, a sexual minority, White, Black, Asian American, cisgender women, cisgender men, and those with and without a lifetime suicide attempt.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates, Timing and Correlates of Suicide in Norwegian Prisons: A 23-Year National Cohort Study.","authors":"Anne Bukten, Lars Mehlum, Nicoline Toresen Lokdam, Torill Tverborgvik, Marianne Riksheim Stavseth","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2680205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2680205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide is a major public health concern, disproportionately impacting society's most vulnerable, including people in prison. Given the multifactorial etiology of suicide within correctional settings, a comprehensive investigation is critical. We aimed to examine timing of suicide according to imprisonment and associations with sociodemographic, criminological, and clinical factors, in a national prison population over two decades.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used cohort data from the Norwegian Prison Release study (nPRIS) including all individuals incarcerated in Norwegian prisons in the period 1.1.2000 to 31.12.2022, linked with national registry data. The primary outcome was suicide mortality during imprisonment. We calculated crude mortality rates (CMR) to explore timing of suicide and estimated Cox proportional-hazards models to investigate factors associated with suicide in prison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 95 suicides were observed, the majority among men (94.7%), by hanging (83.2%), during pretrial detention (64.2%), and in high-security prisons (88.4%). Suicide risk was highest in the initial phase of incarceration, with a CMR of 414 (95% CI: 211-617) in the first week, more than triple the rate for the total period (CMR: 134, 95% CI: 107-161). Adjusted models showed strong associations with being incarcerated in a high-security prison (aHR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.06-13.69), being on pretrial detention (aHR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.72-2.86), and being diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI) (aHR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.51-5.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To reduce the risk of prison suicide, prevention efforts should target incarcerated individuals in the initial period of incarceration, individuals in pretrial detention and with severe mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}