Archives of internal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Journey to eliminating health care disparities: the urgency of affirming values within our patients, profession, health care system, and society.","authors":"Lisa A Cooper, Dawn Barnes","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1667-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31027683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in Olmsted County, Minnesota, before and after smoke-free workplace laws.","authors":"Richard D Hurt,&nbsp;Susan A Weston,&nbsp;Jon O Ebbert,&nbsp;Sheila M McNallan,&nbsp;Ivana T Croghan,&nbsp;Darrell R Schroeder,&nbsp;Véronique L Roger","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reductions in admissions for myocardial infarction (MI) have been reported in locales where smoke-free workplace laws have been implemented, but no study has assessed sudden cardiac death in that setting. In 2002, a smoke-free restaurant ordinance was implemented in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and in 2007, all workplaces, including bars, became smoke free.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate the population impact of smoke-free laws, we measured, through the Rochester Epidemiology Project, the incidence of MI and sudden cardiac death in Olmsted County during the 18-month period before and after implementation of each smoke-free ordinance. All MIs were continuously abstracted and validated, using rigorous standardized criteria relying on biomarkers, cardiac pain, and Minnesota coding of the electrocardiogram. Sudden cardiac death was defined as out-of-hospital deaths associated with coronary disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the 18 months before implementation of the smoke-free restaurant ordinance with the 18 months after implementation of the smoke-free workplace law, the incidence of MI declined by 33% (P < .001), from 150.8 to 100.7 per 100,000 population, and the incidence of sudden cardiac death declined by 17% (P = .13), from 109.1 to 92.0 per 100,000 population. During the same period, the prevalence of smoking declined and that of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity either remained constant or increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A substantial decline in the incidence of MI was observed after smoke-free laws were implemented, the magnitude of which is not explained by community cointerventions or changes in cardiovascular risk factors with the exception of smoking prevalence. As trends in other risk factors do not appear explanatory, smoke-free workplace laws seem to be ecologically related to these favorable trends. Secondhand smoke exposure should be considered a modifiable risk factor for MI. All people should avoid secondhand smoke to the extent possible, and people with coronary heart disease should have no exposure to secondhand smoke.</p>","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1635-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31011752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infecting the electrocardiogram.","authors":"Mary Fredrickson,&nbsp;Yader Sandoval,&nbsp;Woubeshet Ayenew","doi":"10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3740","url":null,"abstract":"Mary Fredrickson, MD; Yader Sandoval, MD; Woubeshet Ayenew, MD; Department of Medicine (Drs Fredrickson and Sandoval) and Division of Cardiology (Dr Ayenew), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota A 60-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH NO KNOWN MEDIcal history was admitted to our emergency department following an episode of syncope. The patient was at work when he suddenly developed tunnel vision and","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1622-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31075811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body mass index in 1.2 million adolescents and risk for end-stage renal disease.","authors":"Asaf Vivante,&nbsp;Eliezer Golan,&nbsp;Dorit Tzur,&nbsp;Adi Leiba,&nbsp;Amir Tirosh,&nbsp;Karl Skorecki,&nbsp;Ronit Calderon-Margalit","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between adolescent body mass index (BMI) and future risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not fully understood, nor is it known the extent to which this association is limited to diabetic ESRD. We evaluated the association between BMI in adolescence and the risk for all-cause, diabetic, and nondiabetic ESRD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical data about 1 194 704 adolescents aged 17 years who had been examined for fitness for military service between January 1, 1967, and December 31, 1997, were linked to the Israeli ESRD registry in this nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident cases of treated ESRD between January 1, 1980, and May 31, 2010, were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for treated ESRD among study participants for their BMI at age 17 years, defined in accord with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BMI for age and sex classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 30 478 675 follow-up person-years (mean [SD], 25.51 [8.77] person-years), 874 participants (713 male and 161 female) developed treated ESRD, for an overall incidence rate of 2.87 cases per 100 000 person-years. Compared with adolescents of normal weight, overweight adolescents (85th to 95th percentiles of BMI) and obese adolescents (≥95th percentile of BMI) had an increased future risk for treated ESRD, with incidence rates of 6.08 and 13.40 cases per 100 000 person-years, respectively. In a multivariate model adjusted for sex, country of origin, systolic blood pressure, and period of enrollment in the study, overweight was associated with an HR of 3.00 (95% CI, 2.50-3.60) and obesity with an HR of 6.89 (95% CI, 5.52-8.59) for all-cause treated ESRD. Overweight (HR, 5.96; 95% CI, 4.41-8.06) and obesity (HR, 19.37; 95% CI, 14.13-26.55) were strong and independent risk factors for diabetic ESRD. Positive associations of overweight (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.71-2.74) and obesity (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 2.42-4.79) with nondiabetic ESRD were also documented.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overweight and obesity in adolescents were associated with significantly increased risk for all-cause treated ESRD during a 25-year period. Elevated BMI constitutes a substantial risk factor for diabetic and nondiabetic ESRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1644-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31012544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The promise of primary care-based screening for diabetic retinopathy: the devil will be in the details.","authors":"Lauren Patty Daskivich,&nbsp;Carol M Mangione","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1678-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30946066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New drug: caution indicated.","authors":"Thomas J Moore","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.610","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1681-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30960333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of legumes as part of a low glycemic index diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"David J A Jenkins,&nbsp;Cyril W C Kendall,&nbsp;Livia S A Augustin,&nbsp;Sandra Mitchell,&nbsp;Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth,&nbsp;Sonia Blanco Mejia,&nbsp;Laura Chiavaroli,&nbsp;Arash Mirrahimi,&nbsp;Christopher Ireland,&nbsp;Balachandran Bashyam,&nbsp;Edward Vidgen,&nbsp;Russell J de Souza,&nbsp;John L Sievenpiper,&nbsp;Judy Coveney,&nbsp;Lawrence A Leiter,&nbsp;Robert G Josse","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Legumes, including beans, chickpeas, and lentils, are among the lowest glycemic index (GI) foods and have been recommended in national diabetes mellitus (DM) guidelines. Yet, to our knowledge, they have never been used specifically to lower the GI of the diet. We have therefore undertaken a study of low-GI foods in type 2 DM with a focus on legumes in the intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 121 participants with type 2 DM were randomized to either a low-GI legume diet that encouraged participants to increase legume intake by at least 1 cup per day, or to increase insoluble fiber by consumption of whole wheat products, for 3 months. The primary outcome was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values with calculated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score as a secondary outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The low-GI legume diet reduced HbA1c values by -0.5% (95% CI, -0.6% to -0.4%) and the high wheat fiber diet reduced HbA1c values by -0.3% (95% CI, -0.4% to -0.2%). The relative reduction in HbA1c values after the low-GI legume diet was greater than after the high wheat fiber diet by -0.2% (95% CI, -0.3% to -0.1%; P < .001). The respective CHD risk reduction on the low-GI legume diet was -0.8% (95% CI, -1.4% to -0.3%; P = .003), largely owing to a greater relative reduction in systolic blood pressure on the low-GI legume diet compared with the high wheat fiber diet (-4.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, -7.0 to -2.1 mm Hg; P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporation of legumes as part of a low-GI diet improved both glycemic control and reduced calculated CHD risk score in type 2 DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1653-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30997274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of smoking by inpatients during a hospital stay.","authors":"Susan Regan,&nbsp;Joseph C Viana,&nbsp;Michele Reyen,&nbsp;Nancy A Rigotti","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accredited US hospitals prohibit smoking inside hospital buildings. Patients are expected to abstain from smoking throughout their hospitalization, but how many do so is unclear. Smoking by inpatients may compromise patient safety, clinical outcomes, and hospital efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational study of adult cigarette smokers visited by a tobacco counselor while hospitalized and reached for telephone follow-up in the 2 weeks after discharge. We assessed smoking during the hospital stay at the time of counseling for all patients and at follow-up for those reached. We used generalized linear models to estimate adjusted relative risk (ARR) for smoking while hospitalized, adjusted by patient and admission characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From May 1, 2007, through April 31, 2010, counselors visited 5399 smokers, of whom 14.9% had smoked between admission and the visit. Of 3555 eligible smokers who consented to follow-up, 2185 were reached. Smoking at any time during the hospitalization was reported by 18.4%, less often during winter months than the rest of the year (14.4% vs 19.7%, P = .007). Smoking at any time while hospitalized was less common among those 50 years or older (ARR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.88), those admitted to a cardiac unit (0.64; 0.51-0.81), and those intending to quit after discharge (0.46; 0.34-0.63) and more common among those with longer stays (1.36; 1.14-1.62) and those experiencing cigarette cravings (moderate: 1.23; 1.14-1.33; severe: 1.25; 1.18-1.34). Nicotine replacement therapy ordered the day of admission was associated with less smoking before the counselor's visit (ARR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96) but not for the entire hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly one-fifth of smokers admitted to a smoke-free hospital smoked during their hospital stay. Ordering nicotine replacement therapy routinely at admission and ongoing monitoring of patients' cigarette cravings might reduce smoking among admitted patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1670-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31030516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition of Lyme in time.","authors":"Jeffrey A Tabas","doi":"10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30945326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing lyme disease: getting the details right.","authors":"Jonathan A Edlow","doi":"10.1001/archinternmed.2012.4003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.4003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8290,"journal":{"name":"Archives of internal medicine","volume":"172 21","pages":"1625-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.4003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30947035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}