Tanzania notes and records最新文献_第2页

The historical power of the natural science collection of Dominik Bilimek at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) 维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学(BOKU) Dominik Bilimek自然科学藏品的历史力量

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0051

P. Lukeneder, Irene Liebhart, F. Ottner, Anika Mikes, P. Heinz, Radek Polách

引用次数: 0

Alfred Russel Wallace's Unrealized Last Book: Insights from the Plan for Darwin and Wallace 阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士未实现的最后一本书:达尔文和华莱士计划的见解

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0053

J. Costa, G. Beccaloni

{"title":"Alfred Russel Wallace's Unrealized Last Book: Insights from the Plan for Darwin and Wallace","authors":"J. Costa, G. Beccaloni","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2022.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2022.0053","url":null,"abstract":"In honour of the two hundredth birthday of naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) we present a transcription and analysis of the plan for Wallace's unrealized final book. Recently come to light, Darwin and Wallace was to have been a volume of eight chapters published by the well-known London publishing house of John Murray in the spring of 1915, a project derailed by Wallace's death at the age of 90 in November 1913. Drawing on letters, manuscripts and contemporary published works, we show how the chapter outlines illuminate Wallace's late-life thinking about his and Darwin's working methods, the factors contributing to their independent discovery of natural selection and contemporary challenges to Darwin–Wallace evolutionary gradualism and natural selection by the neo-Lamarckian, mutationist and early Mendelian schools during the period dubbed the ‘eclipse of Darwinism’. Wallace's planned book provides insight into how the co-founder of modern evolutionary biology saw his legacy in relation to Darwin's, and his role as fierce and eloquent defender of his and Darwin's theory during a fascinating period in the history of evolutionary biology. In the emergence of neo-Darwinism in the ‘Modern Synthesis’ period, Wallace's contributions were largely omitted, an oversight that Darwin and Wallace may have prevented had it been realized.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"66 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82464374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Margaret Bryan: Newly Discovered Biographical Information about the Author of A Compendious System of Astronomy (1797) 玛格丽特·布莱恩:《天文学简编》(1797)作者新发现的传记信息

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0052

G. Girolami

引用次数: 0

Did Christiaan Huygens need glasses? A study of Huygens' telescope equations and tables 克里斯蒂安·惠更斯需要眼镜吗?惠更斯望远镜方程和表的研究

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0054

A. G. M. Pietrow

引用次数: 0

Robert Hooke, Isaac Newton and the Royal Society: three unnoticed letters at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin 罗伯特·胡克、艾萨克·牛顿和皇家学会:柏林国家图书馆三封不为人知的信件

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0041

T. Vozar

引用次数: 0

Materialism, Lebenskraft and the limits of science: metaphysical vitalism in post-Kantian scenarios 唯物主义、生存法则和科学的极限:后康德情景中的形而上学生机论

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2021.0078

P. Pecere

引用次数: 0

The Origins and Development of Free-Electron Lasers in the UK 英国自由电子激光器的起源和发展

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0038

E. Seddon, M. Poole

引用次数: 1

The ‘system of the world’ and the scientific culture of early modern France “世界体系”和近代早期法国的科学文化

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0042

O. Rabinovitch

{"title":"The ‘system of the world’ and the scientific culture of early modern France","authors":"O. Rabinovitch","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2022.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2022.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Historians have long debated the origins of modern science in early modern Europe. Recently, however, scholars pointed to our need to understand how the ‘new philosophy’ became a sustained movement, which did not dissipate over the course of a few generations, as had previous scientific renaissances in other civilizations. This article suggests that the mediations of the printed book allowed a broader public to engage with the astronomical ideas at the core of scientific transformations. This article examines the interactions that the world of the book generated between authors at the ‘core’ of early modern science and ‘amateurs’ who were interested in recent cosmological discussion around the notion of the ‘system of the world’. It argues that this concept served simultaneously to discuss mathematico-physical problems, to make claims for authorship and to provide cultural orientation, which made it amenable to appropriation and dialogue across a range of genres. The new social interactions around the ‘system of the world’ allowed a heavily mathematical science to become a viable and sustainable cultural phenomenon, a veritable building-block of a new scientific culture at the heart of European modernity.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82808501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cells of Robert Hooke: pores, fibres, diaphragms and the cell theory that wasn't 罗伯特·胡克的细胞:毛孔，纤维，横膈膜和不存在的细胞理论

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0049

W. Peters

{"title":"The cells of Robert Hooke: pores, fibres, diaphragms and the cell theory that wasn't","authors":"W. Peters","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2022.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2022.0049","url":null,"abstract":"The early microscopist Robert Hooke (1653–1703) is commonly credited with the discovery and naming of biological cells in the course of his studies of plant tissues. Surprisingly, the theoretical context of this apparent discovery is rarely evaluated when Hooke's contribution to the development of modern biology is discussed. Hooke worked within the conceptual framework of the developing fibre doctrine, and consequently interpreted plant and animal structures as solid yet porous materials that directed and regulated the movements of fluids. The strength of his theory-derived expectations is exemplified by his postulate of valve-like passages in plant cell walls despite his admitted inability to detect any. Neglecting Hooke's theoretical background, modern commentators regularly misread important parts of his anatomical works. This shows, for instance, in the common assertion that Hooke used pore and cell interchangeably when in fact they represented the whole and its part, or in the claim that his cells were closed structures. Here I present a reconstruction of what Hooke and contemporary scholars meant when they spoke of cells in plant materials, namely elements of continuous pipes for fluid transport, and evaluate alternative interpretations.","PeriodicalId":82881,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania notes and records","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83453200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A scientific visit to the USSR in 1963 1963年对苏联的科学访问

Tanzania notes and records Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0031

C. Garrett

引用次数: 0