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Model validation in soft systems practice 软系统实践中的模型验证
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850120108
P. Checkland
{"title":"Model validation in soft systems practice","authors":"P. Checkland","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850120108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850120108","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of `a model` usually evokes the connotation `model of part of the real world`. That is an almost automatic response. It makes sense especially in relation to the way the concept has been developed and used in natural science. Classical operational research (OR), with its scientific aspirations, and systems engineering, use the concept in the same way and in addition use models as surrogates for the real world, on which experimentation is cheap. In these fields the key feature of a model is representativeness. In soft systems methodology (SSM) models are not of part of the world; they are only relevant to debate about the real world and are used in a cyclic learning process. The paper shows how the different concepts of validation in classical OR and SSM lead to a way of sharply defining the nature of `soft OR`. 21 refs.","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850120108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 85
Community works, edited by Charles Ritchie, Ann Taket and Jim Bryant. published by Pavic publications, sheffield, 1994, 245 pp., £5.50, isbn 0 86339 4574 (paperback) 社区作品，由查尔斯·里奇、安·塔克特和吉姆·布莱恩特编辑。Pavic出版社，谢菲尔德，1994年，245页，5.50英镑，isbn 0 86339 4574(平装本)
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/sres.3850120116
Carl Andrew, Willerby
{"title":"Community works, edited by Charles Ritchie, Ann Taket and Jim Bryant. published by Pavic publications, sheffield, 1994, 245 pp., £5.50, isbn 0 86339 4574 (paperback)","authors":"Carl Andrew, Willerby","doi":"10.1002/sres.3850120116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.3850120116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"14 6","pages":"76-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/sres.3850120116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How many grapes went into the wine: Stafford beer on the art and science of holistic management. Edited by Roger Hamden and Allenna Leonard. Published by John Wiley & sons, Chichester, 1994, 406 pp., £24.95, isbn 0471 94296 0 (hardback) 多少葡萄进了酒:斯塔福德啤酒关于整体管理的艺术和科学。编辑罗杰·哈姆登和艾伦娜·伦纳德。约翰·威利父子出版社，奇切斯特，1994年，406页，24.95英镑，isbn 0471 942960(精装本)
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850120118
Mathew James
{"title":"How many grapes went into the wine: Stafford beer on the art and science of holistic management. Edited by Roger Hamden and Allenna Leonard. Published by John Wiley & sons, Chichester, 1994, 406 pp., £24.95, isbn 0471 94296 0 (hardback)","authors":"Mathew James","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850120118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850120118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"23 16","pages":"79-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850120118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book selection creative problem solving: Total systems intervention by Robert L. Flood and Michael C. Jackson. published by John Wiley & Sons, chichester, 1991, 268 pp., £19.95, isbn 0471 93052 0 (hardback) Robert L. Flood和Michael C. Jackson的《创造性问题解决:全面系统干预》。John Wiley & Sons出版社，奇切斯特，1991年，268页，19.95英镑，isbn 0471 93052(精装本)
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/sres.3850120115
M. Clemson, Borough, Beverley
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引用次数: 0
From violence and impoverishment to peace and economic reconstruction: Description of the achievements of the carare peasant workers association (ATCC) 从暴力与贫困到和平与经济重建:农协的成就述评
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850120111
Alejandro Sanz de Santamaría
{"title":"From violence and impoverishment to peace and economic reconstruction: Description of the achievements of the carare peasant workers association (ATCC)","authors":"Alejandro Sanz de Santamaría","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850120111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850120111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850120111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
‘whole‐ing’ the parts and righting the wrongs “整”部分和纠正错误
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850120107
R. Ackoff
{"title":"‘whole‐ing’ the parts and righting the wrongs","authors":"R. Ackoff","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850120107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850120107","url":null,"abstract":"The recent reports that popular panaceas are not working most of the time is not surprising; they are applied anti-systemically. These failures have two principal sources. First, they manipulate the parts of systems without regard to how their manipulations affect the whole through interactions of the parts. Second, they tend to do the wrong things righter rather than the right things. It is better to do the right thing wrong that the wrong thing right; the former leads to learning; the latter to reinforcement of error.","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"81 2","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850120107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 44
Information and Managerial Wisdom. Paradigm Publications, Idaho, 1991, 139 P 信息与管理智慧。范式出版社，爱达荷州，1991,139页
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850090106
J. D. Raadt, J. Gigch
{"title":"Information and Managerial Wisdom. Paradigm Publications, Idaho, 1991, 139 P","authors":"J. D. Raadt, J. Gigch","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850090106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850090106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"81-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850090106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50990126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Paths of change’, by William McWhinney. Published by Sage Publications Inc., 1992, 290 pages, 2450 Teller Road, Newbury Park, California 91320‐221 8 《变革之路》，威廉·麦克威尼著。Sage出版公司出版，1992年，290页，2450 Teller Road, Newbury Park, California 91320‐221
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850100408
L. Thomas, E. Harri-augstein
{"title":"‘Paths of change’, by William McWhinney. Published by Sage Publications Inc., 1992, 290 pages, 2450 Teller Road, Newbury Park, California 91320‐221 8","authors":"L. Thomas, E. Harri-augstein","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850100408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850100408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"85-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850100408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Business Organization and Myth of the Market Economy, by William Lazonick, Cambridge University Press, 1991, 372 pages 《商业组织与市场经济神话》，威廉·拉佐尼克著，剑桥大学出版社，1991年，372页
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850100410
L. N. Volkov
{"title":"Business Organization and Myth of the Market Economy, by William Lazonick, Cambridge University Press, 1991, 372 pages","authors":"L. N. Volkov","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850100410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850100410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"14 5","pages":"87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850100410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Systems definitions and derivation based on structural data flow modelling 基于结构数据流建模的系统定义和推导
Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research Pub Date : 2007-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/SRES.3850120305
T. A. Razik, James W. Jacobs
{"title":"Systems definitions and derivation based on structural data flow modelling","authors":"T. A. Razik, James W. Jacobs","doi":"10.1002/SRES.3850120305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SRES.3850120305","url":null,"abstract":"General systems definitions are often too vague or too prescriptively narrow for consistent, meaningful application by researchers across disciplines. The lack of a common, functional system definition has tended to fragment systems research and slow the advancement and general applicability of general systems theory (GST) development. This paper submits a general system definition based on a functional technique for dataflow diagramming (DFD) used in computer system analysis. This DFD-based definition illustrates added coherence and utility for deriving many kinds of systems at different research levels, and urges wider adoption and trial of the definition and modelling technique as a basis for systems research and GST theory testing.","PeriodicalId":82877,"journal":{"name":"Systems research : the official journal of the International Federation for Systems Research","volume":"20 4","pages":"209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SRES.3850120305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50991698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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