Studium最新文献

{"title":"Las coffee houses inglesas: un nuevo espacio para la interacción social en el siglo XVII","authors":"Manuel Acón Pérez","doi":"10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232600","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen \u0000Durante la segunda mitad del siglo xvii las coffee houses proliferaron en Inglaterra y, lejos de ser un fenómeno excepcional, estaban totalmente integradas en la vida cotidiana del país. Eran establecimientos públicos a los que podía acceder cualquier hombre, siempre que tuviera dinero para permitirse una taza de café. Se convirtieron en lugares de interacción social alejados de la esfera privada —el hogar— y de la esfera de autoridad —la corte—, que  alcanzaron  reconocimiento gracias a sus ideales de sociabilidad, debate e igualitarismo. Las coffee houses se convirtieron en el reflejo de la vida cotidiana de una nueva clase media emergente, en la que el empirismo y el refinamiento comenzaban a aflorar. Quedaron vinculadas al incipiente mercantilismo de la época, pero igualmente tuvieron especial incidencia en la política y la cultura inglesas. También recibieron críticas, especialmente desde el ámbito femenino, aunque debemos considerarlas como una oposición frente a la exclusión que las mujeres sufrían para poder acceder a determinados ámbitos públicos. En definitiva, la aparición de las coffee houses supuso la creación de un nuevo espacio de sociabilidad donde no se trata de excluir a ningún sector social y donde las opiniones comenzaron a convertirse en opinión pública. \u0000Palabras clave: coffee house, sociabilidad, espacio público, siglo xvii, Inglaterra \u0000  \u0000Abstract \u0000During the second half of the 17th Century, coffee houses proliferated in England and, far from being an exceptional phenomenon, they were fully integrated into the daily life of the country. They were public establishments that could be accessed by any man, provided he had the money to afford a cup of coffee. They became places of social interaction far from the private sphere (the home) and the sphere of authority (the court), which achieved recognition thanks to their ideals of sociability, debate and egalitarianism. The coffee houses became the reflection of the daily life of a new emerging middle class, in which empiricism and refinement began to surface. They were linked to the incipient mercantilism of the time, but also had a special impact on English politics and culture. They also received criticism, especially from the female environment, although we must consider them as an opposition to the exclusion that women suffered in order to gain access to certain public spheres. In short, the emergence of coffee houses was the creation of a new space of sociability where it is not a question of excluding any social sector and where opinions began to become public opinion. \u0000Key words: coffee house, sociability, public space, 17th Century, England","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88857629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"De pobre huerfanita a viuda negra\": la agencia de la mujer en las Tristanas de Pérez Galdós y Buñuel","authors":"Frank Otero Luque","doi":"10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232609","url":null,"abstract":"Las diferencias más obvias entre la novela de Pérez Galdós y el filme de Buñuel son el lugar el tiempo en que están ambientadas las obras: en Madrid alrededor de 1880, y en Toledo por el año de 1929. No tan obvio es el hecho de que sus respectivos autores pertenecen a generaciones diferentes: el primero, a la llamada Generación de 1868; y el segundo a la Generación de 1927. Por tal motivo Galdós y Buñuel tienen ópticas distintas acerca de la mujer y de la causa feminista (avant la lettre en el caso del primero). Más aún, mientras que el escritor isleño era un cultor del realismo literario, defensor de la burguesía y liberal; el cineasta aragonés era surrealista, antiburgués y republicano. Estas diferencias hacen que la comparación entre la obra literaria y la cinematográfica sea particularmente interesante. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000The transformation of a poor, orphaned little girl into a merciless black widow: \u0000woman’s agency in Pérez Galdós’ and Buñuel’s respective Tristanas \u0000  \u0000Abstract \u0000The space and time settings are the most obvious difference between Pérez Galdós' novel and Buñuel's film: Madrid around 1880, and Toledo near 1929, respectively. Not as obvious is the fact that these authors do not belong to the same generation: Pérez Galdós to the so-called 1868 Generation, and Buñuel to the 1927 Generation. Because of this reason, Pérez Galdós and Buñuel have different views of women and the feminist cause (avant la lettre in the case of the former). Furthermore, the Canarian was a liberal bourgeois writer, representative of the literary realism, while the Aragonese was surrealist, anti-bourgeois and Republican filmmaker. All these differences make the comparison between the literary and the cinematographic art pieces particularly interesting.","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81777414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La prostitución a debate. Entre el discurso médico-social y el feminismo (1847-1875)","authors":"Isabel Escobedo Muguerza","doi":"10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232602","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen \u0000La prostitución ha generado históricamente, y genera, numerosos debates en torno a su forma de organización y regulación. Entre 1847 y 1875, las cosas no sucedieron de diferente manera. El higienismo y el feminismo fueron los dos discursos que configuraron y sostuvieron las distintas alternativas en lo que a organización de la prostitución se refiere. Así, el higienismo dio lugar al sistema reglamentarista, mientras que el feminismo dará lugar al abolicionismo como sistema principal. No obstante, dentro de este abanico, el anarquismo, encabezado por Mujeres Libres, será el único discurso capaz de subvertir la vinculación permanente entre prostitución y enfermedades venéreas. \u0000Palabras Claves: prostitución, abolicionismo, reglamentarismo, higienistas, Josephine Butler, sexualidad. \u0000  \u0000Abstract \u0000  \u0000Prostitution has generated, for ages, many debates about their organization and regulation. Between 1847 and 1875, things did not happen differently. The hygienism and feminism were the two discourses that shaped and sustained the different alternatives around organizing prostitution is concerned. Thus, the hygienism led to regulationist system while feminism will lead to abolitionism. However, anarchism, led by Mujeres Libres, will be the only discourse capable of subverting the permanent link between prostitution and venereal diseases. \u0000Key words: Prostitution, abolitionism, reglamentarism, hygienists doctors, Josephine Butler, sexuality.","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74084387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seis ápocas de los maestros que intervinieron en la construcción de la iglesia de San Juan de los Panetes de Zaragoza (1722)","authors":"Amparo París Marqués","doi":"10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2017232607","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Cuentas y materiales utilizados en la construcción de la iglesia de San Juan de los Panetes de Zaragoza, según seis albaranes de pago a los maestros que intervinieron en las obras. \u0000Palabras clave. \u0000Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén. Iglesia de San Juan de los Panetes (Zaragoza). Blas Ximénez. Pedro Izaguirre. Francisco de Urbieta. Domingo Sastre. Tomás de Mesa. Lorenzo Arbex. \u0000  \u0000Abstract. \u0000Accountancy and materials used in the construction of the church of Saint John de los Panetes, in Zaragoza, according to six slips with the payment to the master builders who took part in the works. \u0000Key Words \u0000Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem. Church of Saint John de los Panetes (Zaragoza). Blas Ximénez. Pedro Izaguirre. Francisco de Urbieta. Domingo Sastre. Tomás de Mesa. Lorenzo Arbex","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77595600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Van 't Hoff en de roep uit Leipzig in 1887","authors":"Rob Van den Berg","doi":"10.18352/studium.10151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/studium.10151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86577368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews / Boekbesprekingen / Comptes rendus","authors":"Esther van Gelder, Dirk van Miert, H. Deelstra, S. Broere, P. J. Knegtmans, D. Beckers","doi":"10.18352/studium.10162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/studium.10162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89330720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De eerste inspecteurs van het middelbaar onderwijs. 'Het toezicht zal vooral op hem aankomen, het zal zijn onverdeelde zorg vorderen.'","authors":"J.H.J. Krüger","doi":"10.18352/STUDIUM.10157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/STUDIUM.10157","url":null,"abstract":"The new Act on Secondary Education of 1863 contained a chapter on supervision of secondary schools. A system of local supervision by the council was combined with national supervision by a few inspectors. This paper discusses the work of the first three inspectors for secondary schools: Daniel Jan Steyn Parve, Johannes Bosscha and Winand Staring. The inspectors were to visit all secondary schools, Higher Burger Schools (hbs) and others, to become and remain well-informed about the situation of those schools. They had additionally to stimulate the growth and the quality of secondary education and they were to inform and advise the Minister. Furthermore, the inspectors had an important role in the establishment of new schools, especially the hbs. During the first decades of the existence of the hbs they exerted a large influence on the development of the organisation and teaching of this new type of school. They had outspoken ideas on pedagogy, didactics, homework and other matters of relevance in education. Their influence had probably at least as much to do with their personalities as with their formal tasks.","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80914430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De R.K. hbs voor Meisjes te Amsterdam: Katholieke emancipatie in het interbellum","authors":"Aad Streefland","doi":"10.18352/studium.10158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/studium.10158","url":null,"abstract":"The first Roman Catholic HBS for girls in the Netherlands was founded in 1914 by the Sisters Franciscans of Heythuysen, at the request of the Catholic elite of Amsterdam. The school grew so fast that already in 1925 a new building on the Reynier Vinkeleskade was opened.  The character of the HBS made the school not only a breeding ground for Catholic women’s emancipation, but also a place where girls could study the medical and the exact sciences. Some of them became the first female doctors and laboratory workers in Amsterdam. Initially, the school had an elitist character, but from the moment the school became a ‘lyceum’ in 1926, students from other layers of the (Catholic) population started to come to the school. With the opening of an MMS-department in 1952 the school got a new name: Fons Vitae Lyceum. It still exists under that name.","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84862705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De Hogere Burgerschool: onderwijs en emancipatie","authors":"D. Baneke, A. Maas","doi":"10.18352/STUDIUM.10155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/STUDIUM.10155","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an introduction to the Studium issue De Hogere Burger School: onderwijs en emancipatie (the Higher Burger School: education and emancipation). Besides introducing the papers of this section, we provide a historiographic outline of this form of education, which was founded in 1863 and played an important role in the emancipation of the Dutch middle classes. The Higher Burger School is also reknowned for its role in the rise of the Dutch natural sciences. In the course of the twentieth century this school gradually became regarded as outdated. IIn 1968 it was replaced by new forms of secondary education.","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78521473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gepromoveerd aan de universiteit, gevormd op de hbs","authors":"Ester Boeles","doi":"10.18352/studium.10161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18352/studium.10161","url":null,"abstract":"The Special Collections of the University of Amsterdam recently received a collection of lecture notes from an early 20 th century chemistry student by the name of Sybren Postma (1885-1963). Maybe even more interesting  are the additional documents that came with these notes. The collection contains newspaper clippings, photos, official documents relating to the Higher Burger School in Amsterdam and the University of Amsterdam, and some other publications. These papers tell a story of social mobility and can be read as an example of the alleged role of the Dutch Higher Burger Schools in the schooling of a generation of academics. Postma, from humble descent, was the only child of four to go to the Higher Burger School. After his graduation he matriculated the University of Amsterdam. He managed to get a Ph.D. in Chemistry, but didn’t pursue an academic career. He returned instead to the hbs as a Chemistry teacher.","PeriodicalId":82856,"journal":{"name":"Studium","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90559501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}