Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications最新文献

{"title":"Les archives de l’ancien asile psychiatrique de San Servolo (Venise), 1840-1877 : Trames, classifications, sujets","authors":"Egidio Priani","doi":"10.3917/rhs.702.0299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rhs.702.0299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"299-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44413241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archives des sciences : Contribution à l’histoire de la psychiatrie. Introduction : La psychiatrie en ses archives, entre histoire et épistémologie","authors":"M. Delbraccio, Elisabetta Basso","doi":"10.3917/RHS.702.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RHS.702.0255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"255-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41813300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archiving psychiatry’s past : Emil Kraepelin’s archive and papers","authors":"E. Engstrom, W. Burgmair, Matthias M. Weber","doi":"10.3917/RHS.702.0275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RHS.702.0275","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the history of the archive of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, beginning with its establishment during World War One and briefly tracing its development through the 20th century. Against this historical and institutional backdrop, the article then turns to a discussion of the archive’s acquisition of the papers of Emil Kraepelin, the institute’s founding director, in the 1990s and the ensuing efforts to preserve and catalog them. It examines some of the practices and strategies used in archiving the papers and generating their finding aids, as well as the formation of a working group to evaluate the papers. The article will then delve into the planning and execution that led to the publication of many of these archival records in the Kraepelin Edition, addressing issues related to document selection as well as the project’s funding, historiographic aims, and thematic focus. The article reflects on several of the epistemological challenges facing the project, stressing in particular the tension between the project’s historiographic aims and the archival source material.","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"70 1","pages":"275-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3917/RHS.702.0275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43949885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une archive pour l’histoire des sociabilités savantes au xxe siècle : Georges Lantéri-Laura (1930-2004) et l’Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale","authors":"Emmanuel Delille","doi":"10.3917/RHS.702.0351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RHS.702.0351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"351-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44610076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Jesuits’ treatises to the imperial compendium : The appropriation of the Tychonic system in seventeenth and eighteenth-century China","authors":"Longfei Chu","doi":"10.3917/RHS.701.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RHS.701.0015","url":null,"abstract":"The reception of the Tychonic system in late Ming and early Qing China is an important issue in both the history of Chinese astronomy and the history of scientific exchanges between East and West. In this article, a comprehensive re-exploration of this historical process is presented. The Chongzhen lishu (Chongzhen reign treatises on calendrical astronomy), which expounded Tycho Brahe’s methods, were revised more than once during the late Ming astronomical reform. Close examination of the different versions of these treatises reveals the presence of numerous errors and inconsistencies. Early Qing astronomers attempted to solve these problems when they studied the Chongzhen lishu, and some of them succeeded in producing improved procedures. Later, in order to end dependence on the Jesuits in scientific matters, the Kangxi emperor decided to have a new astronomical treatise compiled. As a result the Yuzhi lixiang kaocheng (Thorough investigation of astronomical phenomena, imperially composed) embodied major contributions by Chinese scholars.","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"70 1","pages":"15-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45487274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De l’éreuthophobie au taijinkyōfushō : Circulation et élaboration d’un diagnostic psychiatrique entre Europe, États-Unis et Japon (décennies 1890-1930)","authors":"Sarah Terrail-Lormel","doi":"10.3917/RHS.701.0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RHS.701.0147","url":null,"abstract":"Proche de la phobie sociale des classifications psychiatriques occidentales, le taijinkyōfushō 対人恐怖症 (« phobie interpersonnelle ») a longtemps ete pense par les psychiatres japonais comme une nevrose specifiquement nippone. Confinee a la problematique du particularisme culturel du Japon d’apres-guerre, l’histoire de sa genese est jusqu’a present demeuree quasiment ignoree. Pourtant, la formation de ce concept est le fruit de la circulation des idees entre Europe, Etats-Unis et Japon a la fin du xixe et au debut du xxe siecle. C’est ce que montre la genealogie que nous nous efforcons de retracer ici et qui nous permet de saisir autrement, sous le nom de taijinkyōfu 対人恐怖, la reinvention par le psychiatre Morita Shoma 森田正馬 dans les annees 1930 de l’ereuthophobie europeenne des annees 1890.","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"147-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3917/RHS.701.0147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surgeon’s acupuncturist: Philipp Franz von Siebold’s encounter with Ishizaka Sōtetsu and nineteenth century Japanese acupuncture","authors":"M. Vigouroux","doi":"10.3917/RHS.701.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RHS.701.0079","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the first European descriptions of acupuncture by Willem Ten Rhjine and Engelbert Kaempfer in the last decades of the seventeenth century, Philipp Franz von Siebold’s notes did not receive much attention upon his return to Holland in 1828. Siebold’s interest in acupuncture was different from that of his predecessors, as he was not interested in acupuncture in general – as Rhjine and Kaempfer were – but in the theories of Ishizaka Sōtetsu 石坂宗哲, an early nineteenth century Japanese acupuncturist who attempted to bridge the gap between Western and Sino-Japanese medicine. In this essay, I first reconstruct Siebold’s encounter with Ishizaka using rare materials held by Leiden University library, Leiden National Museum of Ethnology, and the Ishizaka family. Then, I review the new developments happening in Japanese acupuncture at the turn of the nineteenth century. I show how Ishizaka applied his knowledge on Western anatomy to acupuncture, contending that it gave him new methodological and epistemological tools to reconstruct acupuncture theories into his own theoretical framework. This allowed him to place himself in the debates that flourished in Japanese medicine since the late seventeenth century. Finally, I examine the reasons of Siebold’s interest for Ishizaka’s theories and his contribution to their diffusion in Europe.","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"70 1","pages":"79-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48181887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’environnement scientifique du jeune Albert Einstein : La période milanaise (1899-1901)","authors":"C. Bracco","doi":"10.3917/RHS.701.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RHS.701.0109","url":null,"abstract":"Les differentes periodes de la vie d’Albert Einstein sont generalement bien documentees, hormis la periode milanaise, qui constitue pourtant, comme on se propose de le montrer, une periode cle dans la formation d’Einstein et le developpement de ses questionnements scientifiques. A partir de decembre 1894, a Milan puis a Pavie, Einstein continue de beneficier, tout comme a Munich auparavant, de l’encadrement scientifique de son oncle ingenieur Jakob, et peut consulter des revues electrotechniques dont l’apport est important tant sur le plan experimental que theorique. Etudiant a l’Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) de Zurich a partir de 1896, il revient ensuite regulierement a Milan, ou il travaille sur des articles scientifiques recents a la riche bibliotheque de l’Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere, comme les lettres a Mileva Maric permettent de l’etablir. Mais entre 1899 et 1901, son travail a Milan n’est pas solitaire car il y retrouve son fidele ami et collaborateur, Michele Besso, qu’il avait rencontre precedemment a Zurich. Durant ses sejours, Einstein discute regulierement de questions scientifiques diverses avec lui, certaines en lien avec une these envisagee sur les forces moleculaires, d’autres sur le mouvement relatif de la matiere et de l’ether ou les processus lumineux et la nature du rayonnement. La periode milanaise, 1899-1901, fait donc office de prelude a la celebre periode bernoise d’Einstein, pendant laquelle les deux amis se retrouvent, a partir de 1904. Einstein beneficie aussi du lien de Besso avec son oncle Giuseppe Jung, membre de l’Istituto Lombardo et professeur de mathematiques au Politecnico de Milan. L’analyse croisee des revues presentes a la bibliotheque de l’Istituto Lombardo et des ouvrages de la bibliotheque de Jung conduit a porter un nouveau regard sur les liens d’Einstein a Jung et a Besso, et rend aussi envisageable une approche des idees d’Einstein en relation avec les textes scientifiques disponibles. On peut esperer que ce nouvel eclairage aide a retracer ses idees scientifiques, « fausses pistes » incluses. Ainsi, la necessite d’etendre, puis de reorienter son travail de these initial, l’experience qu’il imagine pour mettre en evidence le mouvement de la Terre dans l’ether, et peut-etre meme une premiere idee des quanta lumineux pourraient etre lies a ses lectures et discussions au printemps 1901, a Milan.","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"109-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43418590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La sociologie historique des sciences et techniques : Essai de généalogie conceptuelle et d’histoire configurationnelle","authors":"J. Lamy, Arnaud Saint-Martin","doi":"10.3917/rhs.701.0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rhs.701.0175","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article envisage la sociologie historique des sciences et des techniques (SHST) comme une tradition intellectuelle souterraine disposant d’une autonomie a eclipses. Ni discipline constituee, ni ecole reconnaissable, la SHST s’origine d’une part dans les etudes marxistes de la science, initiees notamment par Boris Hessen et, d’autre part, dans les travaux pionniers de Robert K. Merton. La lente infusion d’une approche qui associe le souci des sources et l’attention aux concepts se traduit par une genealogie intellectuelle dispersee : des eleves de Pierre Bourdieu aux acteurs les plus marquants des science and technology studies (STS), comme Steven Shapin, la SHST est revendiquee avec plus ou moins de force au gre des carrieres et en fonction des audiences. Elle reste un recours opportuniste commode pour etiqueter des travaux difficilement identifiables dans les categories deja existantes des etudes sur les sciences.","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"175-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3917/rhs.701.0175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44738761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varia : « Lui seul doit être glorifié », science et religion dans l’oeuvre d’Henri Devaux (1862-1956)","authors":"B. Roux","doi":"10.3917/rhs.701.0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rhs.701.0217","url":null,"abstract":"Henri Devaux (1862-1956) est un botaniste francais ayant occupe la chaire de physiologie vegetale de la faculte des sciences de Bordeaux de 1906 a 1932. Membre correspondant (1933) puis non residant (1946) de l’Academie des sciences, Devaux s’impose dans la premiere moitie du xxe siecle comme l’un des specialistes en France de la physique des surfaces et des lames minces. Par ailleurs, lorsqu’on s’interesse a sa vie, Devaux apparait comme un fervent chretien evangelique, tres investi au sein de sa communaute. Notre but ici sera de comprendre comment s’articule chez lui le dialogue science/religion. Defenseur d’un principe de complementarite, Devaux lie regulierement dans ses carnets de laboratoire ses recherches a des reflexions theologiques. Une pratique qu’il elargit parfois a ses publications scientifiques. Dans une derniere partie, nous caracteriserons la pensee creationniste de Devaux qui semble reposer sur une veritable connaissance des sciences de son temps.","PeriodicalId":82560,"journal":{"name":"Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"217-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3917/rhs.701.0217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41726478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}