{"title":"Anesthesia considerations for vitreoretinal surgery.","authors":"Steve Charles, Gary L Fanning","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vast majority of vitreoretinal procedures can be safely, comfortably, and efficiently performed under local anesthesia with minimal sedation. Compared with general anesthesia, properly performed monitored local anesthesia offers the patient an increased level of safety, reduced recovery times, and prolonged postoperative pain relief. Nonetheless, the choice of anesthesia technique must be based on the needs of the patient, the requirements of the surgeon, and the skills of the anesthesia provider, ever keeping in mind that our ultimate goal is a satisfied patient with a good visual outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"239-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26026449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oculoplastic and orbital surgery.","authors":"Adam J Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Familiarity with facial anatomy, anesthetic agents, and techniques allows the surgeon to maximize his or her surgical success. Reduction of perioperative complications such as an uncooperative or agitated patient may be reduced with proper anesthesia techniques. This ultimately leads to higher success rates and increased patient and physician satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"257-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26026451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seeing an anesthetic revolution: ocular anesthesia in history.","authors":"Douglas R Bacon","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each surgical procedure places unique demands on the anesthesiologist to create surgical anesthesia with minimal physiologic trespass on the patient as well as the surgical repair. In surgery of the eye, the quest for an anesthetic that does not harm the eye or the patient can be a challenge. The removal of cataracts is one of the most frequently performed operations in the United States, and the majority of patients requiring the procedure are elderly and often have other significant medical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"151-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26024314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sub-Tenon's Anesthesia.","authors":"Chandra M Kumar, Chris Dodds","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sub-Tenon's anesthesia block was reintroduced into clinical practice in the early 1990s as a simple, effective, and safe alternative to needle blocks. The technique has remained simple and effective but has evolved. Although still very unusual, both sight- and life-threatening complications have occurred. To safely perform the block, detailed knowledge of anatomy and methods for administering anesthesia are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"209-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26026446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joselito S Navaleza, Sagun J Pendse, Mark H Blecher
{"title":"Choosing anesthesia for cataract surgery.","authors":"Joselito S Navaleza, Sagun J Pendse, Mark H Blecher","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in cataract surgery techniques have presented surgeons with new options for ocular anesthesia. As cataract removal has become faster, safer, and less traumatic, the need for akinesia and anesthesia has declined significantly. General anesthesia or retrobulbar block have largely been replaced with other safer and equally effective means of local anesthesia. These newer and less invasive methods have reduced the potential for catastrophic surgical complications, increased the efficiency of cataract surgery, and hastened the process of visual rehabilitation. Today there are numerous modes of anesthesia from which a surgeon can choose. This article reviews the current choices for ocular anesthesia, compares their efficacies, and provides a framework, helping to select the most appropriate type of anesthesia for each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"233-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26026448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Succinylcholine and the open eye.","authors":"Elie Joseph Chidiac, Alex Oleg Raiskin","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of succinylcholine in ocular trauma is controversial because it raises intraocular pressure. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of succinylcholine and its alternatives, including regional anesthesia for open globe injuries. Finally, an algorithm is proposed for airway management of patients with penetrating eye injuries, highlighting circumstances where succinylcholine may be the safest muscle relaxant.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"279-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26026453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preoperative medical testing and preparation for ophthalmic surgery.","authors":"Bobbie Jean Sweitzer","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevention of complications during and after procedures is the most important goal of preoperative evaluation. Several studies have proven the utility of a patient history and physical examination when making a diagnosis. This article discusses preoperative testing and risk assessment as well as management for various conditions that pose challenges to anesthesia and or surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"163-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26024316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anesthesia for glaucoma surgery.","authors":"Tom Eke","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injections of local anesthetic behind the globe could potentially damage the optic nerve, resulting in visual field defects or even blindness. Glaucoma patients may be at increased risk of this occurring, because of increased susceptibility to pressure/ischemic damage. In extreme cases, this may manifest as visual field \"wipe-out.\" Because of these concerns, \"newer\" techniques of anterior placement of anesthetic have been promoted, including subconjunctival, anterior sub-Tenon's, topical, and intracameral anesthesia. There remains some controversy regarding the effect of different anesthesia techniques on complication and failure rates for glaucoma surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"245-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26026450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of a blind painful eye.","authors":"Shannath L Merbs","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Debilitating ocular pain poses a significant challenge to the ophthalmologist. When the pain is intractable and the eye has very poor vision and is disfigured, surgical removal of the eye has traditionally been the definitive treatment of choice. Because many people are uncomfortable psychologically with removal of their eye, however painful, and other patients are not good surgical candidates, an alternative to enucleation is sometimes warranted, and injection of a neurolytic substance can often induce long-lasting anesthesia for a blind painful eye. This article reviews a range of options for management of blind painful eye from anesthesia to enucleation.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"287-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26026454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sedation techniques in ophthalmic anesthesia.","authors":"Shireen Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohc.2006.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedation/analgesia for ophthalmologic surgery is safe and effective. Ideal sedation can be achieved by careful intravenous titration while monitoring the effect of the appropriate sedative and analgesic agents. The choice of sedation/analgesia strategy should be based on patient preference and the assessment of risk for adverse events. Thorough preoperative screening and preparation of the patient is most important in obtaining cooperation and patient acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":82231,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology clinics of North America","volume":"19 2","pages":"193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26024318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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