Applied Animal Behaviour Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of continuous drone herding on behavioral response and spatial distribution of grazing cattle","authors":"Hiroki Anzai,&nbsp;Mahiro Kumaishi","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Robotic herding is expected to become a new technology for the management of grazing animals. We investigated the behavioral responses of cows to drone herding on consecutive days and the potential of this technology to manipulate grazing distribution in a pasture. A herd of ∼30 cows was stocked in a 1.1-ha pasture for 5 consecutive days each month from May to October 2022. The cows were herded using a drone for 10 days during the grazing period in August (days 1–5) and September (days 6–10). The pasture was divided into nine plots, with two and three plots assigned as the ‘herding area’ in August and September, respectively. When the cows were grazing in the herding area, the operator maneuvered the drone to move the animals out of the area. The drone first approached at an altitude of 10 m; if the cows did not move away, the altitude was gradually lowered to 3 m. The behavioral responses to the drone, success or failure of herding (whether the cows left the area or not), and drone altitude were classified based on videos recorded during herding. The behavior and location of the cows in the pasture were observed during this period. The utilization rates of the plots (percentage of grazing time) were calculated to evaluate the effects of herding and the number of herding days. The cows responded in 59% and 46% of the cases on days 1 and 2, respectively. Startle behavior was recorded in 23% of the responses on day 1. Herding was successful in 51–75% of the cases on days 1–3. However, these percentages decreased thereafter. The utilization rate of the herding area on day 1 was approximately half that on days without herding. It increased from day 2, and almost no effect on grazing distribution was observed on or after day 3. These findings suggest that the cows exhibited little fear of drones after 1-day herding, and responses to the drones decreased as the animals subsequently became habituated to frequently repeated stimuli. Even after a 24-day interval, responsiveness to drone herding barely recovered and then declined. Therefore, drone herding was hardly effective in manipulating grazing distribution. Further investigation of stimulation that persistently elicits desirable responses is needed for future applications in technologies for the autonomous control of animal movement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of applying environmental enrichment to sterlets (Acipenser ruthenus L.) in early life stages","authors":"Georgina Fazekas ,&nbsp;Tamás Müller ,&nbsp;Jelena Stanivuk ,&nbsp;Dorottya Lilla Fazekas ,&nbsp;Jenő Káldy ,&nbsp;Flórián Tóth ,&nbsp;József Bürgés ,&nbsp;Tatiana Colchen ,&nbsp;Norbert Vass ,&nbsp;Uroš Ljubobratovič","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional aquaculture farming conditions favour the development of maladaptive traits of reared fish. The hatchery releases are a crucial part of the population recovery action in sturgeon species. The manipulation of the environment could be one of the solutions to increase welfare and thus make the fish more adaptable to the changing post-release environment. The objective of our study was to compare the zootechnical parameters and behaviour of young sterlets <em>Acipenser ruthenus</em> reared in different culture conditions. Hatchery-like or bare (CRTL) and environmentally enriched (EE) conditions with small gravels were provided in duplicates in four aquariums. Following the rearing period, spatial exploration behaviour, swimming activity, stress coping, and boldness were analysed in different cross-maze tests. A bare maze was used with the absence of physical enrichment for the first test whereas for the second test, the environmental complexity was increased with the same type of gravel used in the rearing period. The fish from the EE conditions showed significantly lower mortality and greatersurvival (72.2 ± 2.9% <em>vs.</em> 89.2 ± 1.8%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, χ2 test) during the rearing period. Although they were significantly smaller throughout rearing, the EE fish did not have worse condition compared to the CTRL fish. The esults also showed significantly better stress coping under different circumstances and elevated exploration behaviour assuming higher boldness in EE fish. In summary, the present study highlights the potential beneficial effects of using environmental enrichment on survival, behaviour and the overall welfare of juvenile sterlets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary vitamin D3 and ultraviolet-B light on the behaviour and growth of broilers challenged with social isolation stress","authors":"Amarachi C. Ogbonna ,&nbsp;Abdul S. Chaudhry ,&nbsp;Lucy Asher","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within intensive poultry production systems, broilers are reared indoors, at fast growth rates in controlled environments with little access to natural light, which together impacts the expression of natural behaviours. Birds can see into the ultraviolet spectrum and the provision of ultraviolet-B (UVB) light may support the expression of natural behaviour and endogenous synthesis of vitamin D₃ (vitD₃). Commercially, chickens regularly encounter stressors, and both the environment and diet can influence their response to stressors. This study was designed to compare the impacts of providing dietary vitD₃ at 4000 IU/kg (VitD) compared with provision via UVB light on the behaviour of broilers challenged with periodic social isolation stress. One-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 192) were randomly allocated to non-isolated (control) and periodically isolated groups and were provided with either, additional dietary vitD₃, or UVB light, in a 2 × 2 factorial design. UVB lamps were provided in all pens (12% UVB D3 of 55 cm length, 24-Watt, 280–315 nm wavelength and 28.12 µW/cm2 intensity) but in the VitD treatment, there were filters to remove UVB. Behaviour was recorded from video footage using instantaneous scans measuring the number of birds engaged in each behaviour six times per day on 12 days spread across days 2–39, resulting in 72 scan samples per pen. Body weight was measured weekly and analysed to provide context for understanding the activity of broilers. Body weight was modelled using growth curves and poisson models were used to analyse behaviour, controlling for the number of birds visible in scans. Chickens performed less active behaviour when they had been periodically isolated. Chickens spent more time sitting inactive (and less sitting active) and sleeping when they received UVB light but were not isolated. Sunbathing was lower in isolation treatments compared to controls, but this effect was reduced when they received UVB lighting. The growth rate of chickens was highest in the isolation and VitD treatment and higher for VitD compared to UVB treatments. Higher activity on days 2 and 39 was associated with a lower growth rate. These results indicate some benefits of supplementation of UVB light in terms of observing natural behaviour when chickens are exposed to stressors. However, we did not observe large differences in behaviour in chickens receiving UVB light compared to those provided with VitD. Further research is needed to investigate the benefits and optimal level of UVB light to support the behaviour and welfare of broilers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do we plan for the zoo exhibit of the future?","authors":"Eduardo J. Fernandez ,&nbsp;James Edward Brereton ,&nbsp;Jon Coe","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zoos regularly build new exhibits, many of which cost millions of US dollars. It is important that exhibits deliver from an animal, visitor, and staff perspective. It is rare for zoo exhibits to be quantitatively assessed, including trialing of exhibit design, even though this is common practice in the museum sector. This paper highlights the potential value of using modern welfare science for improvement of current and future zoo exhibits. Specifically, we categorize this into two areas of interest: (1) assessment of current exhibits and their impact on animal welfare, including through the use of (a) newer welfare metrics and (b) recent zoo research areas of interest, such as animal-visitor interactions, as well as (2) the use of pre-design evidence-based methods to prototype exhibit components, or what we refer to as Temporary Exhibit Design (TED). The goal is to evaluate and design exhibits that are optimally tuned to animal welfare, visitor experience, financial cost, data collection, and animal care staff considerations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Background color preference of Amphibian Rana dybowskii","authors":"Haijun Wei ,&nbsp;Longwu Geng ,&nbsp;Xinchi Shang ,&nbsp;Guo Hu ,&nbsp;Peixian Luan ,&nbsp;Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Background color may affect the welfare of the brown frog <span><em>Rana</em><em> dybowskii</em></span> in captivity. To evaluate the perching platform color and feeding platform color preferences of brown frogs at day and night, a total of 1200 brown frogs kept in 12 square plastic buckets (100 brown frogs per bucket) and eight plastic plates with different background colors (black, red, orange, yellow, green, baby blue, cyan, and blue) were used in this study, and the background color preference of brown frogs was measured by counting the number of frogs on the different colored plastic plates at different time points (7.5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, and 360 min) after replacing the square perching platforms with the experimental perching platforms and the control perching platform. The results show that brown frog counts on the plastic plates was significantly affected by the background color, daytime versus nighttime, and feeding versus not feeding (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, brown frog counts on the black background was usually the largest, whether it was day or night, and regardless of whether there were mealworms (<span><em>Tenebrio molitor</em></span>) on the plastic plates, which indicated that brown frogs prefer the black backgrounds. It is reasonable to recommend using more black backgrounds for brown frogs <em>R. dybowskii</em> in captivity, which would provide a more suitable living environment for brown frogs, and undoubtedly have a positive role in promoting the brown frog farming industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history, implementation, and application of personality tests in livestock animals and their links to performance","authors":"Megan M. Woodrum Setser ,&nbsp;Heather W. Neave ,&nbsp;Joao H.C. Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Animal personality refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are widely seen across the animal kingdom, but only recently has interest in animal personality of livestock species<span><span> flourished. This review first establishes common terminology to better understand how personality testing methods originating in primates, great tits, and rodents have been adapted and applied for use in livestock species, specifically chickens, </span>goats<span>, sheep<span>, pigs and cattle. This review outlines the most common personality tests utilized to measure personality traits for each highlighted livestock species, providing a brief historical background for the basis of these tests. The personality traits inferred from these tests are described in terms of their use for research and commercial purposes, and how personality traits are associated with animal performance. This review does not present an exhaustive review of the field, but rather serves to highlight the different personality traits that have been assessed in livestock using key research examples.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weaned piglet’s reactivity to humans, tonic immobility and behaviour in a spatial maze test is affected by gestating sows’ relationship to humans and positive handling at weaning","authors":"Mathilde Lanthony ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Briard ,&nbsp;Marek Špinka ,&nbsp;Céline Tallet","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fear of human can impact negatively offspring’s behaviour and cognition whereas early positive handling has positive impacts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the crossed effects of trans-generational transfer and familiarisation with human on piglets’ behaviour. Sows were classified into two categories (Fearful, n = 11 and Docile, n = 13) based on whether they avoided human contact or not during a human approach test at 71 days of gestation. Fear of human was not related to salivary cortisol levels of the sows (F =2.72, P = 0.10). Fearful sows’ piglets stood immobilized longer (Chisq= 6.24, P = 0.01), as well females (8.70, P = 0.003) during a tonic immobility test (TIT) at 7 days but not at 15 days. The behaviour of two male and two female piglets per sow (n = 96) was studied after weaning (28 days). We found no effect of sow’s reaction to human on piglets’ emotionality expressed during an open-field test (OFT) at 32–33 days. However, during a Human voluntary approach test (VHAT) piglets born from fearful sows were more fearful than piglets born from docile sows (Chisq=8.23, P = 0.004,). Half of the piglets (n = 48, 1 male and 1 female per sow) were then familiarised with human while the others received minimum contact. We found no main or crossed effect of sow’s reaction to human and piglet’s treatment on piglets’ emotionality during an OFT, nor on their exploratory behaviour during VHAT at 46–47 days. Piglets’ born from fearful sows were less attracted to human during VHAT2 (Chisq=8.33, P = 0.004) and familiarised piglets were more attracted (Chisq=15.05, P &lt; 0.001). Piglets born from docile sows found the reward faster in a spatial maze test than those born from fearful sows. Both sows HAR and piglet familiarisation with human seemed to specifically affect human related behaviours without affecting their general emotionality, but also behaviour in a spatial maze test.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal stability of detection dog behavioral assessment: A follow-up study of long-term working success","authors":"Lucia Lazarowski ,&nbsp;Bart Rogers ,&nbsp;Jordan G. Smith ,&nbsp;Sarah Krichbaum ,&nbsp;Paul Waggoner","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detection dogs are a critical asset to homeland security, law enforcement, conservation efforts, and more. However, due to the challenges faced in operational working roles and the behavioral requirements to succeed in such roles, many dogs bred and trained for detection tasks are ultimately deemed unsuitable. Therefore, reliable methods for selecting dogs with the highest chances of success are needed. Studies aiming to identify the behavioral traits associated with success and methods for assessment have focused on short-term outcomes related to completion of training or selection for working roles. However, intervening factors may emerge leading to attrition once in service. The goal of the current study was to determine the longitudinal stability of performance on a detection dog behavioral suitability test as well as its predictive validity in determining working success. We followed a cohort of candidate detection dogs (n = 61) to determine changes in number of dogs successfully completing training and still working two years later, as well as determine the long-term predictive validity of the behavioral test. We also repeated the test in a subset of dogs (n = 34) to determine the longitudinal stability of performance on the test from puppy to mature adult. We found that training completion success rates were similar to current working success rates (i.e., minimal attrition). Additionally, performance on aspects of the puppy test such as emotional reactivity conducted at 3 months was predictive of current status (<em>p</em> = .008, OR =.246), and significantly correlated with performance at 3 years (<em>r</em> = .330, <em>p</em> = .028). These findings demonstrate longitudinal stability in behavioral traits considered important for detection dog success, which will be valuable for improving behavioral assessment and selection measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifting laboratory rats: A survey of methods, handlers’ reasons and concerns, and rat behavioural responses","authors":"Charlotte C. Burn,&nbsp;Trinity Camacho,&nbsp;Jo Hockenhull","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lifting mice by the tail is of animal welfare and scientific concern, but rat lifting methods are little researched, potentially differing from mice. Using an online questionnaire we explored different methods for lifting laboratory rats, alongside handlers’ reasons and concerns, and rat behavioural responses. We received 249 valid responses from self-selected rat handlers across research sectors, job roles, and 26 countries (39% UK). In this sample, eight different lifting methods, plus ‘other’, were used; Shoulder saddle (39%), Chest-and-bottom support (20%) and Tail lifting (11%) were most common. Regarding respondents’ reasons for using their main lifting method, those using Tail lifting selected ‘rat comfort’ significantly less frequently, and ‘quick’ more frequently, than did those using other methods. Most respondents had no concerns about their main lifting method, but those using Tail lifting were significantly more concerned about possible ‘stress to the rat’ than were those using Chest-and-bottom support. Concerns about speed, feasibility and scientific validity were rare. Rats reportedly defecated significantly more, and sniffed the hand less, when Tail lifted than when lifted using Chest-and-bottom support. Respondents who used Cupped hands reported rats to approach, sniff and climb onto their hand significantly more than respondents using certain other methods did. Notwithstanding potential sample bias, the findings suggest that lifting rats by the tail risks unnecessary suffering. It is also potentially concerning that the most common method, Shoulder saddle, showed no significant benefits over Tail lifting. Chest-and-bottom support, Cupping, Tunnel, and some rarer methods, may offer more refined methods for lifting rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 106077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating video telemedicine for providing virtual health care for cats via mock spay recheck examinations","authors":"Grace Boone ,&nbsp;Melissa Bain ,&nbsp;Janet Cutler ,&nbsp;Carly M. Moody","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cat caregivers face many potential barriers when accessing veterinary care, such as cat-related challenges with carriers, travel, and the clinic environment, as well as time away from home and/or work, distance to the veterinary clinic, and costs of veterinary care. A potential solution to overcoming some of these barriers may be the use of video telemedicine: using video technology to deliver health and behavior care, education, and information remotely. This study recruited companion cat caregivers and their cats (n = 30) to participate in two mock spay re-check examinations: an in-clinic appointment and a virtual video telemedicine appointment. During the mock examinations, cat behavioral and physiological responses were assessed. Order of appointment was counterbalanced, and caregivers completed a pre- and post- appointment questionnaire to assess attitudes and experience with the in-clinic versus video appointments before and after participation. The study results show that cats had a higher respiratory rate (p &lt; 0.001), larger pupil dilation (p &lt; 0.001), and more negative ear positions (p = 0.015) during the mock clinic appointment compared to the video appointment. Cats were also more likely to leave the handling area after the mock clinic examination compared to the video examination (p = 0.001). In addition, caregiver ratings of the video appointment were very positive (62.1%) or somewhat positive (34.5%), and participants stated it was very easy to access the technology (58.6%), internet (65.5%), and video conferencing platform (75.9%) needed. Post-survey participant ratings indicated that video telemedicine was perceived to be more helpful than in-clinic visits for reducing caregiver stress (p = 0.029) and cat stress (p &lt; 0.0001). There was also a post-survey difference in caregiver ratings on accessibility of veterinary care between video telemedicine and clinic appointments (p &lt; 0.0001), with results indicating that video telemedicine increases caregivers’ access to cat care. Thus, from cat caregiver perspectives, video telemedicine may reduce stress and increase accessibility to cat health care compared to clinic visits. Results also suggest that video appointments reduce negative responses in cats compared to in-clinic visits, and thus may be particularly useful for cats who show higher levels of stress in a clinic environment. More research is needed to evaluate cat responses during other appointment types for further assessment and replication of the study results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}