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Washington's Circle: The Creation of the President 《华盛顿圈:总统的诞生
Military review Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030090008
H. C. Garner
{"title":"Washington's Circle: The Creation of the President","authors":"H. C. Garner","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030090008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030090008","url":null,"abstract":"WASHINGTON'S CIRCLE: The Creation of the President David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, Random House, New York, 2015, 560 pages In the superbly written book Washington's Circle: The Creation of the President, David and Jeanne Heidler place the reader squarely inside George Washington's inner circle of confidants to witness the stormy, confrontational, and emotionally draining creation of national policy and executive precedent during the formative years of the American republic. This is not another book about Washington; rather, it is the story of those indispensable people--the family, friends, and advisers--who helped sustain the president, shape his presidency, and define America. Punctuated by bits of wit, Washington's Circle is a compelling leadership drama. It allows the reader to experience the array of human emotions exuding from the intense debate over national issues, while simultaneously relaxing in the confidence, experience, and trust of Washington as he thoughtfully influences the creation of the federal government. From those who continuously sustained and reinvigorated Washington, to the brilliant men comprising the first cabinet who tested his patience, each person played an essential role in assisting Washington in his \"final, most demanding job.\" The Heidlers, incorporating acclaimed research of the early American republic, scrutinize Washington's vast network of friends and family, business and political associates, and wartime lieutenants developed over years of public service to determine the eligibility criteria for Washington's Circle. The authors reveal a network of \"those people who had close involvement in the country's major events and who were intimately involved with Washington as a private and public figure during the opening years of the constitutional republic\" These include the heads of executive departments, cabinet secretaries, personal advisers, close family members, and personal staff. Each contributed to the unifying character that helped shape a strong constitutional government. The Heidlers introduce the reader to the United States in spring 1789--a country emerging from a raging storm of revolution--and several years of inept governance under the Articles of the Confederation. After the contentious debate and ratification of the Constitution, the United States was a vast country, richly complex in nature and regional cultures and potentially rich in resources, yet it faced the daunting challenge of developing its system of governance while maintaining a wary eye on threats at every border. Many observers maintained it was only a matter of time before the republican model failed and a monarchy would again reign in America. The Heidlers masterfully begin the eight-year journey on 14 April 1789 when Charles Thompson arrives at Mount Vernon and delivers the message to Washington that he was unanimously elected the first president of the United States. As the writers describe Washington reflecting on the el","PeriodicalId":82014,"journal":{"name":"Military review","volume":"96 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64629710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MISSION CREEP: The Militarization of U.S. Foreign Policy? 任务蔓延:美国外交政策的军事化?
Military review Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim290020001
P. B. Gardner
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引用次数: 3
Americans at War in Foreign Forces: A History, 1914-1945 美国人在外国军队的战争:历史,1914-1945
Military review Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.187467
Lance B. Brender
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引用次数: 0
THE OTTOMAN ENDGAME: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923 奥斯曼帝国的终局:战争、革命和现代中东的形成,1908-1923
Military review Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.194998
R. Minez
{"title":"THE OTTOMAN ENDGAME: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923","authors":"R. Minez","doi":"10.5860/choice.194998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.194998","url":null,"abstract":"This is a curate’s egg book, good in parts but distinctly not in others. On sure footing among the British, Russian and German protagonists of his narrative, the author, despite the title of his book and its time frame, from the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 to the creation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, slides unhappily around in the Ottoman world only to lose his footing entirely in the post-1918 era.","PeriodicalId":82014,"journal":{"name":"Military review","volume":"1 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71030422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Review Of "The Ordeal Of The Reunion: A New History Of Reconstruction" By Mark W. Summers 书评马克·w·萨默斯的《重聚的磨难:重建的新历史
Military review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/JAHIST/JAV818
Valelly, M. Richard
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引用次数: 0
THE CAUSE OF ALL NATIONS: An International History of the American Civil War 《所有国家的起因:美国内战的国际史》
Military review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.189759
L. Bernstein
{"title":"THE CAUSE OF ALL NATIONS: An International History of the American Civil War","authors":"L. Bernstein","doi":"10.5860/choice.189759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.189759","url":null,"abstract":"THE CAUSE OF ALL NATIONS: An International History of the American Civil War Don H. Doyle, Basic Books, New York, 2014, 400 pages The Civil War is an unending fascination for most Americans. Don H. Doyle presents the American Civil War in its international context. In The Cause of All Nations, he shows how the meaning of the war evolved in parallel ways for European and American opinion makers--the ways they perceived the war reflected their hopes and fears, which revolved around the issues of freedom and liberty. The first issue was expressed in terms of abolishing slavery, the latter in terms of republicanism and democracy. In the broadest sense, the war originated in two competing visions of white man's democracy. The first was based on the concepts of free soil, free men, and free labor. Those concepts posited a relatively fluid social structure founded on individual merit and mass democratic politics, a structure buttressed by national government policies emphasizing the indissoluble nature of a federal union acting for the common good. The other vision was based on a relatively rigid social structure based on the dominance of an agrarian upper class posited on a form of mass politics. The lower orders followed the political lead of their social betters, in a structure buttressed by a minimalist local and national government and emphasizing state autonomy--except when federal action would serve to support agrarian upper-class interests. Doyle sets this American crisis in a global context, showing how the potential dissolution of the American union gladdened conservatives (who were hostile to democracy and republicanism and believed in a social order based on aristocratic hierarchy) and dismayed liberals (who believed in republicanism or constitutional monarchy and freedom of conscience). For the most part, European aristocratic elites could not openly approve of slavery but were excited about the imminent failure of the Great Republic. For these interests, the federal Union's dissolution would destroy the republican political experiment and open the path to increased imperial European domination of the Caribbean Basin and Mexico, as well as the continued existence and extension of slavery. The more radical hoped for a continued fracturing of the United States into several regional confederations dominated by European powers. Thus, the American Civil War was a conflict shaped by European interests. The end of democracy in North America would allow the Europeans to triumph over their own reformers and revolutionaries. …","PeriodicalId":82014,"journal":{"name":"Military review","volume":"29 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II 美国军阀:罗斯福的最高统帅部如何带领美国在第二次世界大战中取得胜利
Military review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.192502
Jonathan P. Klug
{"title":"American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II","authors":"Jonathan P. Klug","doi":"10.5860/choice.192502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.192502","url":null,"abstract":"AMERICAN WARLORDS: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II Jonathan W. Jordan, NAL Caliber, New York, 2015, 624 pagesAmerican Warlords is a popular biography of four key American World War II leaders: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, Gen. George Catlett Marshall, and Adm. Ernest J. King. Author Jonathan Jordan examines the impact of these leaders, or warlords, as he often refers to them, on the American war effort. This books spans from 1940 to 1945 and tends to focus on the strategic level. That is not to say that it is an impersonal, dull look at strategy; rather, it examines the men who made American strategy and how they overcame the monumental challenges they faced, including the mistakes they made. In this regard, Jordan does an admirable job providing a vivid account of the daily pressures these men endured, with the fate of the Nation, and even the world, in the balance.Jordan organizes the book into a prologue, three chronological parts, and an epilogue. The prologue sets the stage by recounting one of America's tragedies-the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. The initial installment of the three major parts of the book is titled \"Bringing the War Home: 1940-1941.\" This section not only discusses the events leading to American involvement in World War II but also provides background on the strategic leaders upon whom the author later concentrates his narrative. While the state of American politics and the lack of American military strength take center stage in the early reading, Jordan provides great insight into each of the four key leaders. For example, he highlights Roosevelt's statement that \"if war does come, we will make it a New Deal war.\" Jordan continues his portrayal of Roosevelt by giving many examples of the president's deft political abilities.The author also details Marshall and Stimson's organizational capabilities, such as when they worked to get the Selective Service Act passed. Jordan similarly describes the abilities and rise of King, including his leadership of the undeclared naval war in the Atlantic. In addition to the four warlords, Jordan incorporates many important characters into his narrative, including Winston Churchill, Henry Morgenthau, William Franklin Knox, Harold L. Stark, Dwight Eisenhower, Harry Hopkins, and others. The first third of the book ends with two events of 1941: the Anglo-American conference to discuss defeating Germany, at Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, in August, and the day of infamy-the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December.Jordan's second part is titled \"A New Doctor: 1942-1945,\" and it is the longest part of American Warlords. It begins in the immediate aftermath of Pearl Harbor. The title is a nod to Roosevelt's famous radio fireside chats in which he sometimes referred to himself as \"Dr. New Deal,\" while he sought to cure the U.S. \"patient\" of the \"disease\" of the Great Depression. During World War II, Roose","PeriodicalId":82014,"journal":{"name":"Military review","volume":"96 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71029406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
THE DELUGE: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916-1931 《洪水:第一次世界大战、美国和全球秩序的重建,1916-1931
Military review Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim280020173
Lewis Bernstein
{"title":"THE DELUGE: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916-1931","authors":"Lewis Bernstein","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim280020173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim280020173","url":null,"abstract":"Ask Americans when their country became the world’s dominant power and chances are most will point to the hard-fought victory in the Second World War. But as Adam Tooze shows in his latest work, that shift occurred a generation earlier and before American forces had even fired a shot in what was once called the Great War. To those familiar with the history of the First World War, this hardly is a revelation. But Tooze, a professor of history and international security studies at Yale University, aims for something more. His revisionist history sweeps across events in Europe and America, touches on the Middle East, India, and delves into the fractious relationship between China and Japan before ending at the abyss of 1931, when the Great Depression became a global catastrophe. Indeed, the US edition of this book is subtitled The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916–1931. Those years ‘resonate down to the present’ because they raise questions about a ‘lack of will and judgment’ on the part of a ‘rich, powerful democracies’ that remain unanswered. ‘Given the rise of China’, Tooze points out, ‘these questions have an obvious force’ (p. 19).","PeriodicalId":82014,"journal":{"name":"Military review","volume":"95 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64434937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
FOR LIBERTY AND THE REPUBLIC: The American Citizen as Soldier, 1775-1861 为自由与共和:美国公民当兵,1775-1861
Military review Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.191961
D. B. Connelly
{"title":"FOR LIBERTY AND THE REPUBLIC: The American Citizen as Soldier, 1775-1861","authors":"D. B. Connelly","doi":"10.5860/choice.191961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.191961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82014,"journal":{"name":"Military review","volume":"95 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71028991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
So Much to Lose: John F. Kennedy and American Policy in Laos 失去太多:约翰·肯尼迪和美国在老挝的政策
Military review Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim170200010
R. Brown
{"title":"So Much to Lose: John F. Kennedy and American Policy in Laos","authors":"R. Brown","doi":"10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim170200010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim170200010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82014,"journal":{"name":"Military review","volume":"95 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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