发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Effect of environment on the free and peptide amino acids in rice, wheat, and soybeans. 环境对水稻、小麦和大豆中游离氨基酸和肽氨基酸的影响。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 2001-01-01
D J Ahn, O Adeola, S S Nielsen
{"title":"Effect of environment on the free and peptide amino acids in rice, wheat, and soybeans.","authors":"D J Ahn, O Adeola, S S Nielsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlled environments (CE) in which light, carbon dioxide, and nutrients are regulated are known to affect the chemical composition of plants. Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) environments are required for a Mars or lunar base where food resupply is both impractical and risky. Astronauts in a CELSS would need to grow and process edible biomass into foods. The complete nature of the changes in chemical composition of CE-grown plants is unknown but must be determined to ensure a safe and nutritionally adequate diet. In this article, we report the changes that occur in free and peptide-bound amino acids (AA) of select CELSS crops (rice, wheat, and soybean) grown in the field or in CE. The nonnitrate nonprotein nitrogen fraction was extracted and then analyzed for free and peptide AA. For grain or seeds, AA levels tended to increase from field to CE conditions; however, for vegetative material, AA levels remained the same or decreased from field to CE conditions. As such compositional changes are identified, researchers will be better able to design safe and nutritious diets for astronauts while minimizing needed energy and other resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"7 4","pages":"311-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety issues associated with processing soybeans in an enclosed habitat intended for long-duration space missions. 在用于长期太空任务的封闭生境中加工大豆的安全问题。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 2001-01-01
Y Vodovotz, D L Hentges
{"title":"Safety issues associated with processing soybeans in an enclosed habitat intended for long-duration space missions.","authors":"Y Vodovotz, D L Hentges","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybeans have been selected to be grown in a habitat (BIO-Plex, Bioregenerative Planetary Life Support Systems Test Complex) designed to evaluate advanced life support systems for long-duration space missions. Soymilk and soy bread will be incorporated into this nutritious, plant-based food system. Because all consumables will be recycled and reused, food safety is a particular concern. Critical control points were identified to control microbiological hazards, particularly mycotoxins, and chemical hazards from antinutrients and volatiles emitted during processing of soymilk and soy bread. Volatile compounds, evolved during the manufacturing of soymilk and soy bread, were quantified by GC/MS to assess their impact on this closed loop system. All concentrations of volatiles evolved during soymilk production were below the 24-h Space Craft Maximum Allowable Concentration (SMAC), while acetaldehyde surpassed the SMAC criteria for soy bread. Recommendations were made for processing of soybeans in such environments to minimize risk to crew member health.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of edible oil processing options for the BIO-Plex advanced life support system. 分析 BIO-Plex 高级生命支持系统的食用油加工方案。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 2000-01-01
C J Greenwalt, J Hunter
{"title":"Analysis of edible oil processing options for the BIO-Plex advanced life support system.","authors":"C J Greenwalt, J Hunter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edible oil is a critical component of the proposed plant-based Advanced Life Support (ALS) diet. Soybean, peanut, and single-cell oil are the oil source options to date. In terrestrial manufacture, oil is ordinarily extracted with hexane, an organic solvent. However, exposed solvents are not permitted in the spacecraft environment or in enclosed human tests by National Aeronautics and Space Administration due to their potential danger and handling difficulty. As a result, alternative oil-processing methods will need to be utilized. Preparation and recovery options include traditional dehulling, crushing, conditioning, and flaking, extrusion, pressing, water extraction, and supercritical extraction. These processing options were evaluated on criteria appropriate to the Advanced Life Support System and BIO-Plex application including: product quality, product stability, waste production, risk, energy needs, labor requirements, utilization of nonrenewable resources, usefulness of by-products, and versatility and mass of equipment to determine the most appropriate ALS edible oil-processing operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"7 3","pages":"233-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Food safety and sanitation during an extended mission. 长期任务期间的食品安全和卫生。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 1999-01-01
D L Hentges
{"title":"Food safety and sanitation during an extended mission.","authors":"D L Hentges","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In preparation for future Lunar/Mars habitats, a food system is being developed at NASA-JSC to provide Advanced Life Support for long-duration missions. As much as 90% of the food consumed on these missions is expected to be grown, processed, and prepared in space. Conversion of crops to edible foods will require extensive food processing within the closed environment of the Bioregenerative Planetary Life Support System Test Complex (BIO-Plex). Identification of hazards and critical control points associated with water recycling, biomass management, use of multifunctional equipment, and possible concentration of toxic substances in the closed system is essential for the development of safe food processing techniques and equipment. A food safety analysis, using a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach, was conducted to identify potential hazards and critical control points during food processing of BIO-Plex-produced lettuce and wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"6 1","pages":"61-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of expanded extrusion food products for an Advanced Life Support system. 为高级生命支持系统开发膨化挤压食品。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 1999-01-01
D V Zasypkin, T C Lee
{"title":"Development of expanded extrusion food products for an Advanced Life Support system.","authors":"D V Zasypkin, T C Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extrusion processing was proposed to provide texture and to expand the variety of cereal food products in an isolated Advanced Life Support (ALS) system. Rice, wheat, and soy are the baseline crops selected for growing during long-term manned space missions. A Brabender single-screw laboratory extruder (model 2003, L/D 20:1), equipped with round nozzles of various lengths, was used as a prototype of a small-size extruder. Several concepts were tested to extend the variety and improve the quality of the products, to decrease environmental loads, and to promote processing stability. These concepts include: the blending of wheat and soybean flour, the extrusion of a coarser rice flour, separation of wheat bran, and optimization of the extruder nozzle design. An optimal nozzle length has been established for the extrusion of rice flour. Bran separating was necessary to improve the quality of wheat extrudates.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"6 2","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct recycling of human hygiene water into hydroponic plant growth systems. 将人类卫生用水直接循环到水培植物生长系统中。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 1999-01-01
C A Loader, J L Garland, L H Levine, K L Cook, C L Mackowiak, H R Vivenzio
{"title":"Direct recycling of human hygiene water into hydroponic plant growth systems.","authors":"C A Loader, J L Garland, L H Levine, K L Cook, C L Mackowiak, H R Vivenzio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct recycling of gray water (human hygiene water) through plant production systems would reduce the need for additional space, mass, and energy for water reclamation in Advanced Life Support (ALS) systems. A plant production system designed to produce 25% of crew food needs could theoretically purify enough water through transpiration for 100% of crew water requirements. This scenario was tested through additions of shower and laundry water to recirculating hydroponic systems containing either wheat or soybean. Surfactant (Igepon TC-42) did not accumulate in the systems, and both the rate of surfactant disappearance and the proportion of Igepon-degrading microorganisms on the plant roots increased with time. A mechanism of surfactant degradation via the microbially ally mediated hydrolysis of the amide linkage and subsequent breakdown of fatty acid components is proposed. Fecal coliforms present in the human gray water were not detectable on the plant roots, indicating that human-associated microorganisms do not grow in the system. Overall plant growth was unaffected by gray water additions, although preliminary evidence suggests that reproduction may be inhibited.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"6 2","pages":"141-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phasic temperature and photoperiod control for soybean using a modified CROPGRO model. 利用改进的 CROPGRO 模型控制大豆的相变温度和光周期。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 1999-01-01
J Cavazzoni, T Volk, B Bugbee, T Dougher
{"title":"Phasic temperature and photoperiod control for soybean using a modified CROPGRO model.","authors":"J Cavazzoni, T Volk, B Bugbee, T Dougher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A modified CROPGRO model is applied to phasic temperature and photoperiod control in order to optimize soybean production for NASA's program in Advanced Life Support. Baseline model simulations were established using data from soybean temperature experiments conducted at elevated CO2 levels (1100 micromol mol-1) at Utah State University (USU). The model simulations show little advantage in using phasic temperature control alone to increase average seed yield rate over the USU experimental values. However, simulations that combine phasic control of temperature (two phases) and photoperiod (two phases) do indicate the potential to improve seed yield (in g m-2 day-1) by approximately 15% over those currently obtained experimentally at USU for soybean cultivar Hoyt. This temperature and photoperiod phasing is experimentally practical. The simulations suggest extending photoperiods over those typically used experimentally during later phases of the crop life cycle, which would lengthen grain fill duration and thereby increase mass per seed. The model simulations indicate that the timing, and duration of extended photoperiods would be very important due to possible reductions in seed number m-2. Besides affecting seed yield directly, the model simulations suggest that such reductions may also cause feedback inhibition of photosynthesis due to low seed sink strength at elevated CO2 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"6 4","pages":"273-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coupling machine vision and crop models for closed-loop plant production in advanced life support systems. 将机器视觉与作物模型相结合，在先进生命支持系统中实现闭环植物生产。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 1999-01-01
J Cavazzoni, P P Ling
{"title":"Coupling machine vision and crop models for closed-loop plant production in advanced life support systems.","authors":"J Cavazzoni, P P Ling","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a conceptual framework for coupling nondestructive sensing to crop models for closed-loop plant production for NASA's program in advanced life support. Coupling is achieved by comparing nondestructive observations with model predictions of plant growth and development. The information thus provided may be useful in diagnosing problems with the plant growth system, or as a feedback to the model for evaluation of plant scheduling and potential yield. We illustrate this concept using canopy height and machine vision measured top projected canopy area (TPCA), and the CROPGRO crop growth model. Model simulations of soybean TPCA and canopy height were evaluated against data for hydroponic soybean grown under two separate light/dark cycle temperature regimes (23/19 degrees C and 26/22 degrees C). Our results suggest that TPCA and canopy height are potentially useful variables for closed-loop plant production in controlled environments during the first few weeks of growth, before canopy closure.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"6 4","pages":"279-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Blue light requirements for crop plants used in bioregenerative life support systems. 生物再生生命支持系统中使用的作物植物对蓝光的需求。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 1998-01-01
N C Yorio, R M Wheeler, G D Goins, M M Sanwo-Lewandowski, C L Mackowiak, C S Brown, J C Sager, G W Stutte
{"title":"Blue light requirements for crop plants used in bioregenerative life support systems.","authors":"N C Yorio, R M Wheeler, G D Goins, M M Sanwo-Lewandowski, C L Mackowiak, C S Brown, J C Sager, G W Stutte","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of NASA's Advanced Life Support Program, the Breadboard Project at Kennedy Space Center is investigating the feasibility of using crop plants in bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) for long-duration space missions. Several types of electric lamps have been tested to provide radiant energy for plants in a BLSS. These lamps vary greatly in terms of spectral quality resulting in differences in growth and morphology of the plants tested. Broad spectrum or \"white\" light sources (e.g., metal halide and fluorescent lamps) provide an adequate spectrum for normal growth and morphology; however, they are not as electrically efficient as are low-pressure sodium (LPS) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. Although LPS and HPS, as well as the newly tested red light-emitting diodes (LEDs), have good photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) efficiencies, they are deficient in blue light. Results with several of the crops tested for BLSS (wheat, potato, soybean, lettuce, and radish) have shown a minimum amount of blue light (approximately 30 micromoles m-2 s-1) is necessary for normal growth and development. For example, the lack of sufficient blue light in these lamps has resulted in increased stem elongation and significant reductions in photosynthesis and yield. To avoid problems with blue-deficient lamps and maximize yield, sufficient intensity of HPS or blue light supplementation with red LEDs or LPS lamps is required to meet spectral requirements of crops for BLSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"5 2","pages":"119-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of the optical waveguide solar lighting system for space-based plant growing. 开发用于天基植物生长的光波导太阳能照明系统。
Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space Pub Date : 1998-01-01
T Nakamura, J A Case, M Mankamyer
{"title":"Development of the optical waveguide solar lighting system for space-based plant growing.","authors":"T Nakamura, J A Case, M Mankamyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article summarizes the study on the Optical Waveguide (OW) Solar Lighting System for space-based plant growing. In the OW solar lighting system, solar radiation is collected by the concentrator, which transfers the concentrated solar radiation to the OW transmission line consisting of low-loss optical fibers. The OW line transmits the solar radiation to the plant growing units where the solar radiation from the optical fibers is defocused and directed to the plants for optimum intensity for plant growing. In this study, the laboratory OW solar lighting system was constructed and tested for plant growth. The OW system consists of: 1) tracking reflective concentrators; 2) the optical waveguide transmission line; and 3) the plant lighting device. Results of the performance tests and the plant growth tests of the OW solar lighting system showed that the OW system is a viable plant lighting system for growing plant in space.</p>","PeriodicalId":81864,"journal":{"name":"Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space","volume":"5 2","pages":"205-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：604180095
Book学术官方微信