Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition最新文献

{"title":"Timing and dosage of intrapartum prophylactic penicillin for preventing early-onset group B streptococcal disease: assessing maternal and umbilical cord blood concentration.","authors":"Stine Yde Nielsen, Elke Hoffmann-Lücke, Tine Brink Henriksen, Camilla Mirian Hartvigsen, Rikke Bek Helmig, Mohammed Rohi Khalil, Jens Kjølseth Møller, Lars Henning Pedersen, May Murra, Eva Greibe","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-326986","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-326986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Timing of administration of antibiotics and concentrations in maternal blood and the umbilical cord blood are important prerequisites for optimal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) of neonatal early-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) disease. This cohort study aimed to explore penicillin concentrations in mothers and infants at birth in relation to time elapsed from administration to delivery and to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for GBS.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Penicillin G concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood in relation to time and dose from administration to time of delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 44 mother-infant dyads, median maternal penicillin G concentration was 0.2 mg/L (IQR 0-0.8 mg/L; range 0-1.6 mg/L). Median infant penicillin G concentration was 1.2 mg/L (IQR 0.5-5.0 mg/L; range 0-12.7 mg/L). In all infants (N=38) born less than 4 hours after the latest IAP administration, penicillin G concentrations far exceeded MIC (0.125 mg/L), even after short time intervals between IAP administration and birth. The highest plasma concentrations were reached in umbilical cord blood within 1 hour from IAP administration to birth.For 44 mother-infant dyads, maternal concentrations were very low compared with their infants'; particularly, very high concentrations were seen in the 20 infants with only one dose of IAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High concentrations of penicillin G were found in umbilical cord blood of infants born less than 4 hours after IAP administration, well above the MIC for GBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of right aortic arch prenatal diagnosis: the multicentric nationwide ARCADE cohort.","authors":"Sophie Guillaumont, Marie Vincenti, Fanny Thomas, Helena Huguet, Marie-Christine Picot, Hamouda Abassi, Anne-Cecile Huby, Daniela Laux, Julie Thomas-Chabaneix, Laurence Cohen, Arhur Gavotto, Pascal Amedro","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327242","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to describe the various presentations of the prenatally diagnosed isolated right aortic arch (RAA), that is, without associated congenital heart defect and to evaluate the impact of prenatal diagnosis of isolated RAA in terms of postnatal outcome.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this multicentric retrospective study, from 2010 to 2019, all live births with a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of isolated RAA were included, with a 1-year postnatal follow-up. The concordance between the different diagnostic steps (prenatal ultrasound, postnatal ultrasound and postnatal CT scan) was evaluated using Gwet's AC1 coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 309 cases of prenatally diagnosed RAA were analysed, most of which had a left ductus arteriosus (83%). The concordance between prenatal and postnatal ultrasound diagnosis was excellent regarding the RAA type (AC1=0.97, 95% CI=(0.94 to 0.99)). The rare discrepancies mainly involved non-diagnosed or misdiagnosed double aortic arch (2%). CT scan was performed in 108 neonates (35%) and the concordance between prenatal ultrasound and postnatal CT scan was good regarding the RAA diagnosis (AC1=0.80, 95% CI=(0.69 to 0.90)) but poor regarding the distribution of brachiocephalic vessels (AC1=0.21, 95% CI=(0.06 to 0.36)). An associated genetic anomaly was sought for in half of the cases and identified in 4% of the cohort. During the first year of life, 50 (18%) infants presented with vascular ring symptoms and 24 (8%) underwent aortic arch surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multicentric nationwide cohort of 309 prenatally diagnosed isolated RAA demonstrated the reliability of prenatal screening, highlighted the rare cases of discrepancies between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis and underlined the value of CT scan to improve the postnatal follow-up.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04029064.</p>","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic use among extremely low birth-weight infants from 2009 to 2021: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Dustin D Flannery, Alvaro Zevallos Barboza, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, Jeffrey S Gerber, Molly McDonough, Di Shu, Sean Hennessy, Kelly C Wade, Karen M Puopolo","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2023-326734","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2023-326734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess trends in antibiotic use across a large cohort of extremely low birth-weight (<1000 g; ELBW) infants admitted to academic and community neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the USA over a 13-year period.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Repeated cross-sectional cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Premier Health Database, a comprehensive administrative database of inpatient encounters from academic and community hospitals across the US.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>ELBW inborn infants admitted to NICUs from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2021.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>N/A MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Absolute and relative changes in (1) proportion of ELBW infants with antibiotic exposure and (2) days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days, over time. Average annual differences were estimated using generalised linear regression with 95% CI. Disposition trends were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 36 701 infants admitted to 402 NICUs, the proportion exposed to antibiotics was essentially unchanged (89.9% in 2009 to 89.3% in 2021; absolute reduction of -0.6%); generalised linear regression estimated an annual absolute difference of -0.3% (95% CI (-0.6%) to (-0.07%); p=0.01). DOT per 1000 patient days decreased from 337 in 2009 to 210 in 2021, a 37.8% relative difference and annual relative difference of -4.3% ((-5.2%) to (-3.5%); p<0.001). Mortality was unchanged during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a substantial reduction in antibiotic DOT despite no substantive change in the proportion of infants exposed to antibiotics. This suggests the success of stewardship efforts aimed at antibiotic duration and highlight the need for improved approaches to identifying ELBW infants at highest risk of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fantoms.","authors":"Ben J Stenson","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2025-328631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2025-328631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":"110 2","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of interface dead space on the time taken to achieve changes in set FiO₂ during T-piece ventilation: is face mask the optimal interface for neonatal stabilisation?","authors":"Kolbrun Gunnarsdottir, Ben J Stenson, Elizabeth E Foglia, Vishal Kapadia, Thomas Drevhammar, Snorri Donaldsson","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327236","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>T-piece is recommended for respiratory support during neonatal stabilisation. Bench studies have shown a delay >30 s in achieving changes in fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) at the airway when using the T-piece. Using a face mask adds dead space (DS) to the patient airway. We hypothesised that adding face mask to T-piece systems adversely affects the time required for a change in FiO₂ to reach the patient.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neopuff (Fisher and Paykel, Auckland, New Zealand) and rPAP (Inspiration Healthcare, Croydon, UK) were used to ventilate a test lung. DS equivalent to neonatal face masks was added between the T-piece and test lung. Additionally, rPAP was tested with nasal prongs. Time course for change in FiO₂ to be achieved at the airway was measured for increase (0.3-0.6) and decrease (1.0-0.5) in FiO₂. Primary outcome was time to reach FiO₂+/-0.05 of the set target. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare mean time to reach the primary outcome between different DS volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all experiments, the mean time to reach the primary outcome was significantly shorter for rPAP with prongs compared with Neopuff and rPAP with face mask DS (p<0.001). The largest observed difference occurred when testing a decrease in FiO₂ with 10 mL tidal volume (TV) without leakage (18.3 s for rPAP with prongs vs 153.4 s for Neopuff with face mask DS). The shortest observed time was 13.3 s when increasing FiO₂ with 10 mL TV with prongs with leakage and the longest time was 172.7 s when decreasing FiO₂ with 4 mL TV and added face mask DS without leak.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a delay in achieving changes in oxygen delivery at the airway during simulated ventilation attributable to the mask volume. This delay was greatly reduced when using nasal prongs as an interface. This should be examined in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early hypophosphataemia and refeeding syndrome in extremely low birthweight babies and outcomes to 2 years of age: secondary cohort analysis from the ProVIDe trial.","authors":"Nadia Ford, Frank Harry Bloomfield, Yannan Jiang, Barbara Elizabeth Cormack","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327029","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate in extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g) babies the associations between refeeding syndrome (serum phosphate <1.4 mmol·L^-1 and serum total calcium>2.8 mmol·L^-1) and hypophosphataemia in the first week and death or neurodisability at 2 years' corrected age (CA).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary cohort analysis of the ProVIDe trial participants with serum biochemistry within 7 days of birth. At 2 years' CA, neurodisability was assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant Development Edition III and neurological examination. Associations between neurodisability and other variables were analysed using t-tests and logistic regression adjusted for sex and smallness-for-gestational age.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Six tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>352 ELBW babies born between 29 April 2014 and 30 October 2018.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Death or neurodisability at 2 years' CA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-nine babies died, two after discharge from the NICU. Of the 336 babies who survived to 2 years' CA, 277 had neurodevelopmental assessment and 107 (39%) had a neurodisability. Death or neurodisability was more likely in babies who had refeeding syndrome (aOR 1.96 (95% CI 1.09 to 3.53), p=0.02) and in babies who had hypophosphataemia (aOR 1.74 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.79), p=0.02). Hypophosphataemia was associated with increased risk of death (aOR 2.07 (95% CI 1.09 to 3.95), p=0.03)) and severe hypophosphataemia (<0.9 mmol·L^-1) with increased risk of death (aOR 2.67 (95% CI 1.41 to 5.00), p=0.002) and neurodisability (aOR 2.31 (95% CI 1.22 to 4.35), p=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In ELBW babies, refeeding syndrome and hypophosphataemia in the first week are associated with death or neurodisability. Until optimal phosphate requirements are determined through further research, monitoring for hypophosphataemia and mitigation strategies are indicated.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ACTRN12612001084875.</p>","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141911523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting extubation failure in preterm infants using lung ultrasound: a diagnostic accuracy study.","authors":"Arun Sett, Gillian Foo, Alvin Ngeow, Niranjan Thomas, Penny P L Kee, Amir Zayegh, Kate A Hodgson, Susan M Donath, David G Tingay, Peter G Davis, Brett J Manley, Sheryle R Rogerson","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327172","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the accuracy of pre-extubation lung ultrasound (LUS) to predict reintubation in preterm infants born <32 weeks' gestation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective diagnostic accuracy study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Two neonatal intensive care units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anterior and lateral LUS was performed pre-extubation. The primary outcome was the accuracy of LUS scores (range 0-24) to predict reintubation within 72 hours. Secondary outcomes were accuracy in predicting (1) reintubation within 7 days, (2) reintubation stratified by postnatal age and (3) accuracy of lateral imaging only (range 0-12). Pre-specified subgroup analyses were performed in extremely preterm infants born <28 weeks' gestation. Cut-off scores, sensitivities and specificities were calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis and reported as area under the curves (AUCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred preterm infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 27.4 (2.2) weeks and birth weight of 1059 (354) g were studied. Thirteen were subsequently reintubated. The AUC (95% CI) of the pre-extubation LUS score for predicting reintubation was 0.63 (0.45-0.80). Accuracy was greater in extremely preterm infants: AUC 0.70 (0.52-0.87) and excellent in infants who were <72 hours of age at the time of extubation: AUC 0.90 (0.77-1.00). Accuracy was poor in infants who were >7 days of age. Lateral imaging alone demonstrated similar accuracy to scanning anterior and lateral regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In contrast to previous studies, LUS was not a strong predictor of reintubation in preterm infants. Accuracy is increased in extremely preterm infants. Future research should focus on infants at highest risk of extubation failure and consider simpler imaging protocols.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621001356853.</p>","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"185-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should we use an 'accelerated' course of antenatal corticosteroids?","authors":"Abhijeet Anant Rakshasbhuvankar","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327476","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most major bleeds in preterm infants occur in the absence of severe thrombocytopenia: an observational cohort study.","authors":"Hilde van der Staaij, Nadine M A Hooiveld, Camila Caram-Deelder, Suzanne F Fustolo-Gunnink, Karin Fijnvandraat, Sylke J Steggerda, Linda S de Vries, Johanna G van der Bom, Enrico Lopriore","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-326959","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-326959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the incidence of major bleeds according to different platelet counts in very preterm infants, and to explore whether this association is influenced by other risk factors for bleeding.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A Dutch tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>All consecutive infants with a gestational age at birth <32 weeks admitted between January 2004 and July 2022.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Infants were stratified into nine groups based on their nadir platelet count (×10⁹/L) during admission (<10, 10-24, 25-49, 50-99, 100-149, 150-199, 200-249, 250-299 and ≥300), measured before the diagnosis of a major bleed and before any platelet transfusion was administered.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Incidence of major bleeds during admission. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the relationship between nadir platelet count and incidence of major bleeds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2772 included infants, 224 (8%) developed a major bleed. Of the infants with a major bleed, 92% (206/224) had a nadir platelet count ≥50×10⁹/L. The incidence of major bleeds was 8% among infants with and without severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50×10⁹/L), 18/231 (95% CI 5 to 12) and 206/2541 (95% CI 7 to 9), respectively. Similarly, after adjustment for measured confounders, there was no notable association between nadir platelet counts below versus above 50×10⁹/L and the occurrence of major bleeds (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In very preterm infants, the vast majority of major bleeds occur in infants without severe thrombocytopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for group B <i>Streptococcus</i>: what exactly is adequate?","authors":"Sarah A Coggins, Karen M Puopolo","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327481","DOIUrl":"10.1136/archdischild-2024-327481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8177,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition","volume":" ","pages":"116-117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}