Daniel L Levey, Christian Brander, Pramod K Srivastava
{"title":"The potential of heat shock protein-peptide complexes as a therapeutic HIV vaccine.","authors":"Daniel L Levey, Christian Brander, Pramod K Srivastava","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV evades host immune responses through multiple mechanisms including high mutation rate, downregulation of host-cell, HLA class I molecules and depletion of key immune cells. Accordingly, an effective therapeutic vaccine approach to controlling HIV infection will nost likely need to modulate several pathways of both the innate and adaptive immune system. We propose the use of heat shock protein-peptide complexes (HSPPCs) to address this challenge. HSPPCs have been tested for 10 years in cancer patients with signals of clinical activity in phase I and II trials, and the results of two randomised phase III trials are anticipated in the near future. As the cancer setting can also be considered one of chronic disease, the rationale for using HSPPCs to treat HIV infection is clear. Several types of HSPPC vaccines that may be manufactured for testing in HIV-positive patients are discussed, including generation of an autologous vaccine derived from peripheral blood monloonuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 3","pages":"56-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25778040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approaches for therapeutic vaccination in HIV infection.","authors":"Justin Stebbing","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 3","pages":"46-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25777567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapy revisited.","authors":"Frances Gotch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imunotherapy to induce long-term, non-progressor status in HIV-1-positive persons may be considered in the context of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The aim of such therapy must be to allow the induction or regeneration of HIV-1-specific immune responses which have the potential to control viraemia, and to alleviate the immunosuppression caused by HIV-1. Trials of therapeutic vaccines and/or cytokines and/or hormones have been conducted and are briefly described. In many cases, potentially beneficial transient HIV-1-specific responses which may translate into clinical advantage have been induced, but these do not persist. Future studies are warranted so that: 1) novel immunogens and other immunotherapeutic agents are further defined and optimised; 2) therapeutic regimens are carefully and rationally designed; and 3) patients are followed for protracted periods of time to observe clinical benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 3","pages":"48-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25777568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HIV-1 in the male genital tract: evidence and impact of compartmentalisation.","authors":"Derek J Chan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 2","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27366093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HIV in the lymphoid compartment.","authors":"Roger J Garsia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 2","pages":"10-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27366094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of understanding what is happening with HIV in different body compartments.","authors":"Don Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 2","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27366092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical significance of central nervous system as sanctuary site for HIV.","authors":"Julie Batmanian, Bruce J Brew","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 2","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27366095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New drugs.","authors":"Laura Waters, Mark R Nelson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 1","pages":"16-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25132758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Salvage therapy.","authors":"Brian Gazzard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25132856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The clinical significance of viral fitness.","authors":"Anna Maria Geretti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing evidence indicates that antiretroviral drug resistance is associated with impaired viral fitness and that this impairment can translate, at least transiently, into a virological and immunological benefit. The optimal strategies for exploiting the fitness cost associated with drug resistance remain to be determined. For highly drug-experienced patients receiving salvage therapy with a detectable viral load and with limited or no remaining drug options, continuing the current regimen may be a useful strategy to delay disease progression. In this context, it remains controversial whether it is preferable to continue failing therapy with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors or both.</p>","PeriodicalId":81665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV therapy","volume":"10 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25132756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}