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Journal of Eastern African research & development最新文献

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Distributional Impact of Agricultural Technology Adoption on Rice Farmers' Expenditure: The Case of Nerica in Benin 农业技术采用对稻农支出的分配影响:以贝宁奈里卡为例
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0091
D. Alia, A. Diagne, P. Adegbola, Florent Kinkingninhoun
{"title":"Distributional Impact of Agricultural Technology Adoption on Rice Farmers' Expenditure: The Case of Nerica in Benin","authors":"D. Alia, A. Diagne, P. Adegbola, Florent Kinkingninhoun","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we assess the impact of Nerica, a family of high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, on welfare in Benin. Our empirical analysis utilizes instrumental variable and quantile treatment effects methods to estimate the impacts of cultivating Nerica on welfare along the income distribution. We find that Nerica adoption increases households' expenditure across the entire distribution of income. The quantile treatment effects are statistically different from the average treatment effects, suggesting substantial heterogeneity in the impacts of the adoption of Nerica on welfare. We also find that, in absolute terms, the impact for farmers located in the upper half of the income distribution is the largest. However, farmers at the bottom of the income distribution also experienced large proportional increase in welfare. Altogether, our results suggest that the adoption of improved rice seeds reduces poverty and has the potential to contribute to the reduction of income inequality among farmers.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89472073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Gender and Science Education in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲的性别与科学教育
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0105
Juliet U. Elu
{"title":"Gender and Science Education in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Juliet U. Elu","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 I consider the representation of females in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Appealing to data from the World Development Indicators, I evaluate the female share on graduates in two broad STEM disciplines. A descriptive analysis is offered that enables an assessment of the extent of Sub-Saharan African gender-inequality in STEM which can inform whether or not there should be policy interventions aimed at decreasing gender inequality and access to STEM education in Sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89582155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
A Model for Gender Analysis with Informal Production and Financial Sectors 非正式生产和金融部门的性别分析模型
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0001
Nihal Bayraktar, H. Fofack
{"title":"A Model for Gender Analysis with Informal Production and Financial Sectors","authors":"Nihal Bayraktar, H. Fofack","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents an Overlapping Generations Model of economic development for gender and growth analysis in a low-income country environment. In addition to the formal sector the model considers informal production, which in the absence of barriers to entry, accounts for an increasingly large share of aggregated output in Sub-Saharan Africa. The model also accounts for financial market imperfections and its disproportionately larger adverse effects on women's access to credit. Policy experiments derived from an application of the model to Burkina Faso yield interesting results. In particular, a reduction in the cost of borrowing, increased women's bargaining power and higher public spending on education are growth-enhancing. Empirical evidence from the model shows that these policies are also welfare-enhancing and growth-inclusive as they tend to narrow gender gaps in economic well-being and strengthen women's economic empowerment.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78060834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Gender Inequality and Access to Microfinance: Evidence from Ghana 性别不平等与小额信贷获取:来自加纳的证据
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0021
Theresa Mannah-Blankson
{"title":"Gender Inequality and Access to Microfinance: Evidence from Ghana","authors":"Theresa Mannah-Blankson","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper draws on the qualitative and quantitative evidence from a dataset generated from a survey of 499 households in Ghana to explore the implications of access to microfinance for the gender asset gaps. Two sets of statistical analysis are undertaken. The first is a cross-sectional regression analysis that examines the importance of microfinance for intra-household gender wealth inequality. The second uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to examine the gaps in wealth between female-headed and male-headed households. The results show that higher access to microfinance is associated with lower gender asset gaps within and across households. The evidence suggests that targeting credit to financially constrained households, and in particular to women, can contribute to reducing poverty and gender inequality.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74915768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
Firm Performance and their Perception of Political Instability in Egypt: Evidence from an Endogenous Treatment Regression Model 企业绩效及其对埃及政治不稳定的感知:来自内源性治疗回归模型的证据
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0061
A. Hosny
{"title":"Firm Performance and their Perception of Political Instability in Egypt: Evidence from an Endogenous Treatment Regression Model","authors":"A. Hosny","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper employs a unique firm-level data covering for firms in the private sector in Egypt, to analyze whether firms' perception of political instability has an adverse effect on firm performance. The analysis covers 2,897 firms over the period 2009-2012. There are two main results: First, using OLS, we find a negative association between political instability and the growth of firms' sales and employment. Second, using an endogenous treatment linear regression models, to correct for potential endogeneity, we find that political instability can even have a negative causal effect on firms' performance. The results are robust to different specifications.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78292318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Jobless Growth in Nigeria: Determining Employment Intensive Sectors 尼日利亚的失业增长:决定就业密集型行业
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0069
E. Dada
{"title":"Jobless Growth in Nigeria: Determining Employment Intensive Sectors","authors":"E. Dada","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Growth rates in many African countries for over a decade, between 2002 and 2014 were relatively good and greatly applauded; however, high unemployment remains a persistent challenge of macroeconomic management. This situation now popularly called jobless growth, remains an important issue for policy makers, because it is linked with poverty and social unrests. The study therefore examines employment and sectoral output growth in Nigeria with a view to identifying sectors with high employment intensity. The Structural Vector Auto-Regressive (SVAR) framework was employed in the estimation strategy. Background analysis and stylized facts confirm the existence of jobless growth in Nigeria. Findings from the model estimation demonstrate that the agriculture sector has great potential for job creation. This underscores the need to focus on developing the sector and focussing on agriculture led economy that is able to diversify into other sectors that are by nature labour intensive, thus, making growth more inclusive.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83199063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Association between Food Insecurity and Child Health Outcomes in Low and Middle-income Countries. 低收入和中等收入国家粮食不安全与儿童健康结果之间的关系。
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0079
Fafanyo Asiseh, Cephas Naanwaab, Obed Quaicoe
{"title":"The Association between Food Insecurity and Child Health Outcomes in Low and Middle-income Countries.","authors":"Fafanyo Asiseh, Cephas Naanwaab, Obed Quaicoe","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.2.0079","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Millions of people in developing and middle-income countries continue to experience food insecurity daily. A growing number of studies have associated food insecurity with poorer health outcomes using cross sectional data and household level data. Few of these studies have looked at longitudinal relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes. This study analyses the relationship between food insecurity and child health outcomes in middle and low-income countries using a longitudinal macro level data. The study also introduces two unique instrumental variables, size of arable land and openness to trade, to estimate this relationship. The regressions confirm previous study results that food insecurity has a significant positive relationship with child anemia and child mortality. Food insecurity has a significant negative relationship with life expectancy. Using the instrumental variable approach shows that the estimates are greater than when no instruments are used. Our work suggests that previous studies have underestimated the impact of food insecurity on child health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72726578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Prenatal Care and Infant Health in Senegal 塞内加尔的产前护理和婴儿保健
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0031
L. Dramani, Oumy Laye
{"title":"Prenatal Care and Infant Health in Senegal","authors":"L. Dramani, Oumy Laye","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0031","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines birth weight and its correlates in Senegal using data from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 1997. The Heckit and control function methods are applied on data from this survey to measure effects of maternal immunization against tetanus on birth weight. The results show that immunization is positively correlated with birth weight and that younger mothers have heavier babies than their older counterparts. Moreover, demand for vaccination against tetanus increases with household income and with maternal age and education. This demand pattern varies substantially between rural and urban areas.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78162213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Reproductive Health and Child Health in Africa: AnOverview 非洲生殖健康和儿童健康:概览
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0001
G. Mwabu
{"title":"Reproductive Health and Child Health in Africa: AnOverview","authors":"G. Mwabu","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88246957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Nexus between Child Immunization and Child Mortality in Rural Nigeria 探索尼日利亚农村儿童免疫接种与儿童死亡率之间的关系
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0023
A. Adeoti, Omobowale Oni
{"title":"Exploring the Nexus between Child Immunization and Child Mortality in Rural Nigeria","authors":"A. Adeoti, Omobowale Oni","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.20.1.0023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nigeria's economic growth has not been pro-poor. Health indices remain poor with high child mortality rate particularly in the rural sector. This study provides insights into child immunization as a complement to unobservable factors responsible for mortality reduction. The ratio of the number of children not alive to the number of children born alive in a household is the measure of the household's child mortality rate. The National Living Standards Survey is the main source of data and the control function approach is the preferred estimation procedure. The estimation results reveal a strong link between access to immunization and reduction in mortality. The results show a robust inverse relationship between child immunization and child mortality. Literacy of mothers emerges as an important determinant of demand for child immunization. It is argued that improving girl-child education would increase demand for child immunization and reduce child mortality in rural Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89483828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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