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International journal of emergency mental health最新文献

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Law enforcement suicide: a national analysis. 执法自杀:一项全国性分析。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2013-01-01
John M Violanti, Cynthia F Robinson, Rui Shen
{"title":"Law enforcement suicide: a national analysis.","authors":"John M Violanti,&nbsp;Cynthia F Robinson,&nbsp;Rui Shen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research suggests that there is an elevated risk of suicide among workers within law enforcement occupations. The present study examined the proportionate mortality for suicide in law enforcement in comparison to the US working population during 1999, 2003-2004, and 2007, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Occupational Mortality Surveillance data. We analyzed data for all law enforcement occupations and focused on two specific law enforcement occupational categories-detectives/criminal investigators/ police and corrections officers. Suicides were also explored by race, gender and ethnicity. The results of the study showed proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for suicide were significantly high for all races and sexes combined (all law enforcement--PMR = 169, 95% CI = 150-191, p < 0.01, 264 deaths; detectives/criminal investigators/police--PMR = 182, 95% CI = 150-218, p < 0.01, 115 deaths; and corrections officers-PMR = 141, 95% CI = 111-178, p < 0.01, 73 deaths). Detectives/criminal investigators/police had the higher suicide risk (an 82% increase) compared to corrections officers (a 41% increase). When analyzed by race and sex, suicide PMRs for Caucasian males were significantly high for both occupations-detectives/ criminal investigators/police (PMR = 133; 95% CI = 108-162, p < 0.01; corrections officers--PMR = 134, 95% CI = 102-173, p < 0.01). A significantly high (PMR = 244, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 147-380) ratio was found among Hispanic males in the law enforcement combined category, and a similarly high PMR was found among Hispanic detectives/criminal investigators/police (PMR = 388, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 168-765). There were small numbers of deaths among female and African American officers. The results included significantly increased risk for suicide among detectives/criminal investigators/police and corrections officers, which suggests that additional study could provide better data to inform us for preventive action.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"15 4","pages":"289-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32243204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suicide and the Internet: the case of Amanda Todd. 自杀与互联网:阿曼达·托德的案例。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2013-01-01
David Lester, Stephanie McSwain, John F Gunn
{"title":"Suicide and the Internet: the case of Amanda Todd.","authors":"David Lester,&nbsp;Stephanie McSwain,&nbsp;John F Gunn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a previous article in this journal, Gunn, Lester and McSwain provided evidence that the ten warnings signs for suicide proposed by the American Association for Suicidology are valid for predicting suicidal ideation and behavior A video posted on YouTube by a 15-year-old girl scored 8-9 out of 10 for these signs. Thirty-nine days after positing the video, the girl killed herself.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"15 3","pages":"179-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32146671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of indirect collective trauma on first responders' alcohol use. 间接集体创伤对急救人员酒精使用的影响
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Gregory G Homish, Bonita S Frazer, Mary G Carey
{"title":"The influence of indirect collective trauma on first responders' alcohol use.","authors":"Gregory G Homish,&nbsp;Bonita S Frazer,&nbsp;Mary G Carey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has suggested increased risk for negative outcomes such as increased alcohol use among first responders who are involved with the response to a community disaster; however it is not clear how indirect exposure to a critical incident impacts first responders. This work examined the impact of secondary or indirect trauma on changes in alcohol use among urban firefighters who were not directly involved in the response to a large scale community-level disaster. Firefighters enrolled in larger trial of health outcomes whose interview period coincided with the crash of a commercial airplane were the basis for the current report. Aggregate level data on changes in alcohol consumption for these firefighters were examined pre- and post-incident. There was a significant increase in alcohol use following the critical incident. This increase did not occur immediately; it was observed within several days and peaked about 8 days post-incident. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the increased alcohol consumption persisted for several months, finally returning to pre-incident levels by 8 months post-incident. Indirect trauma effects, likely operationalized in part through the \"brotherhood\" of the firefighters, clearly placed firefighters at risk for negative outcomes following a disaster. Intervention/prevention efforts aimed at distress reduction among first responders should not solely focus on responders with direct involvement in a disaster.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 1","pages":"21-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31054585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Behind the blue shadow: a theoretical perspective for detecting police suicide. 蓝色阴影背后:警察自杀侦查的理论视角。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
John M Violanti, Anna Mnatsakanova, Michael E Andrew
{"title":"Behind the blue shadow: a theoretical perspective for detecting police suicide.","authors":"John M Violanti,&nbsp;Anna Mnatsakanova,&nbsp;Michael E Andrew","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Police officers are at increased risk for suicide. Reluctance by this population to self-report suicidal thoughts requires detection on a different level. Based on existing theory, this paper discusses a possible alternative method for detecting suicidal tendencies among police officers: the suicide Implicit Association Test (IAT). The IAT measures the implicit strength of cognitive identification with death opposed to life. Previous work has demonstrated that a cognitive identification with death over life is associated with both suicide attempts and completions. The clinical application of implicit cognitions, along with other proven clinical measures, may be of value in detecting suicide ideation in police officers or other high suicide risk groups who are hesitant to explicitly report suicidal thoughts. More research is needed to help clarify the clinical usefulness of the IAT and its validity over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31054587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of law in addressing mental health-related aspects of disasters and promoting resilience. 法律在处理灾害中与心理健康有关的问题和促进复原力方面的作用。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Lainie Rutkow
{"title":"The role of law in addressing mental health-related aspects of disasters and promoting resilience.","authors":"Lainie Rutkow","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Law plays a critical role in emergency preparedness and disaster response by establishing an infrastructure for the response and facilitating coordination among the federal, state, and local governments. Once a disaster occurs, certain legal mechanisms are activated to ensure that individuals' needs for mental health care are met, both for pre-existing and emergent conditions. This includes the rapid deployment of mental health care personnel and the implementation of crisis counseling programs in affected regions. By facilitating an influx of resources, including personnel, supplies, and financial assistance, the law can help communities quickly rebound and return to a sense of normal. Drawing on examples from the United States, this article illustrates the diverse ways in which the law simultaneously addresses mental health-related aspects of disasters and promotes resilience within affected communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 2","pages":"134-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31187209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crisis intervention team (CIT) training in the jail/detention setting: a case illustration. 危机干预小组(CIT)在监狱/拘留环境中的培训:一个案例说明。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Abigail S Tucker, Jennifer Mendez, Samuel L Browning, Vincent B Van Hasselt, Libbi Palmer
{"title":"Crisis intervention team (CIT) training in the jail/detention setting: a case illustration.","authors":"Abigail S Tucker,&nbsp;Jennifer Mendez,&nbsp;Samuel L Browning,&nbsp;Vincent B Van Hasselt,&nbsp;Libbi Palmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has documented the over-representation of persons with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMJ) in jails and prisons. Further increased attention has been directed to jail diversion programs and other attempts to prevent incarceration of adults with SPMI. Yet, regardless of available diversion programs, and recent trends in mental health within correctional settings, jails continue to see a disproportionate increase in inmates with SPMI. Thepurpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the research, public policy, and current best practices for the development and implementation of Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Training as an in-house intervention in jail/detention-based settings. Our review provides support for deploying this specialized law enforcement response program to address the needs of mentally ill persons within jail settings. Strategies and issues in the utilization of the CIT model in detention contexts are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 3","pages":"209-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31615206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seven characteristics of highly resilient people: insights from Navy SEALs to the "greatest generation". 弹性强的人的七个特点:从海豹突击队到“最伟大的一代”的见解。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
George S Everly, Dennis K McCormack, Douglas A Strouse
{"title":"Seven characteristics of highly resilient people: insights from Navy SEALs to the \"greatest generation\".","authors":"George S Everly,&nbsp;Dennis K McCormack,&nbsp;Douglas A Strouse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Having reviewed investigative methods such as structural equation modeling, seminal manuals of war (von Clausewitz, 1976, rev. 1984; Clavell, 1983), as well as individual interviews and focus groups with highly resilient people such as Navy SEALs, law enforcement professionals, and the \"children of the Great Depression\" now commonly referred to as the \"greatest generation,\" we sought to discover the common themes, or characteristics, of highly resilient people. In this paper, we present our initial impressions that there exist seven important characteristics that seem to be associated with enhanced human resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 2","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31188284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to choose the right operational police behavioral health specialist (OPBHS). 如何选择合适的业务警察行为卫生专家(OPBHS)。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
James L Greenstone
{"title":"How to choose the right operational police behavioral health specialist (OPBHS).","authors":"James L Greenstone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent article (Dennis, December 2011) stressed the need to consider the factors necessary when selecting an operational police physician. It seems apparent that equal attention should be given to the selection of the Operational Police Behavioral Health Specialist or Police Psychologist (OPBHS). This is intended to round-out selection considerations for these two important and essential positions on both Special Weapons and Tactics Teams as well as on Police Hostage and Crisis Negotiations Teams. Such considerations are crucial whether these teams are operationalized together separately, or as part of the same unit. The previous outline headings, with some additions, will be utilized specifically to deal with the Operational Police Behavioral Health Specialist. Also, see Greenstone (2005). The issues to be considered for the OPBHS are: Candidate selection. (Also see Greenstone, 2005), Duties, Administrative, Clinical, Training involvement, Relationships, Liability and coverage (Dennis, 2011), Other considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 3","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31615204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elite firefighter/first responder mindsets and outcome coping efficacy. 精英消防员/急救人员心态和结果应对效率。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Cynthia Dowdall-Thomae, John Gilkey, Wanda Larson, Rebecca Arend-Hicks
{"title":"Elite firefighter/first responder mindsets and outcome coping efficacy.","authors":"Cynthia Dowdall-Thomae,&nbsp;John Gilkey,&nbsp;Wanda Larson,&nbsp;Rebecca Arend-Hicks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined coping strategies used by firefighters, the relationship between appraisals and coping strategies used, and the relationship between transitional coping strategies used and outcome coping efficacy for mental preparedness. Firefighter coping strategies of problem focused coping and seeking social support were found to have positive significant relationships to outcome coping efficacy, after transitioning from one critical incident to a second. The coping strategies of blamed self wishful thinking, and avoidance appear to have a negative significant relationship to outcome coping efficacy. Additionally, the appraisals of challenge and positive reappraisal to meet the challenge appear to have a positive significant relationship to problem focused coping and seeking social support. These findings on outcome coping efficacy may be of help to firefighters for rehabilitative efforts after traumatic incidents when used in the Peer Support Review intervention model.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 4","pages":"269-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31686683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Police suicide in small departments: a comparative analysis. 小部门警察自杀:比较分析。
International journal of emergency mental health Pub Date : 2012-01-01
John M Violanti, Anna Mnatsakanova, Cecil M Burchfiel, Tara A Hartley, Michael E Andrew
{"title":"Police suicide in small departments: a comparative analysis.","authors":"John M Violanti,&nbsp;Anna Mnatsakanova,&nbsp;Cecil M Burchfiel,&nbsp;Tara A Hartley,&nbsp;Michael E Andrew","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of police suicide research has focused on larger police departments. Very little research has been done within small departments. The present study compared suicide rates between small and larger police departments. Two Hundred ninty-eight departments were drawn from the U.S. Public Safety Officer Benefits database totaling 119,624 officers. Annual suicide rates were calculated per 100,000 for each of four category (by size of department) and p-values from Chi-square tests were employed to assess differences in rates across categories. The annual suicide rate varied significantly across departments. Smaller police departments had a significantly higher suicide rate than large departments. Possible reasons include lack of availability for mental health assistance, increased workload and danger and community visibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"14 3","pages":"157-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536806/pdf/nihms-704672.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31614248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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