International journal of emergency mental health最新文献

{"title":"Chlamydia trachomatis related knowledge and practices in medical practioners--a survey.","authors":"Shahkamal Hashmi,&nbsp;Syed Imtiaz Ali,&nbsp;Farzeen Tanwir,&nbsp;Taiba Yousuf Shamsi,&nbsp;Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed,&nbsp;Kelash Rai","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chlamydia trachomatis is a frequently encountered condition by general physicians, urologists and infectious diseases specialists. It can affect both genders and causes significant morbidity if not treated properly and promptly. In addition, it can cause ophthalmia neonatorum, which manifests as neonatal conjunctivitis in the newborns.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The data was collected from fourteen tertiary care hospitals in two provinces of Pakistan during the time period of four months (September-December 2013). Inclusion criteria included all medical practitioners working at those hospitals and there were no limitations of age and gender to participate. The participants were approached through email which included a self administered questionnaire. Written consent was obtained from the participants and the study was approved by the ethical committee of all selected hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall 130 participants participated with a response rate of 65%. Females were 52.3% and males were 47.7%. In the study 17.7% of male and 29.4% of female participants proclaimed that they referred a patient to an infectious disease specialist in case the diagnosis of Chlamydia was dubious. 72.5% of the male and 55.8% of the female medical practitioners indicated that they yield detailed sexual history from the patients with Chlamydia. Regarding inquiring about the drugs history from the patient at risk of STDs, 22.6% male and 35.3% of female participants informed that they took a detailed drug history. Only 1.5% of the female medical practitioners notified Chlamydia to the partner of diseased patient themselves (provider referral). 24% male and 17.6% female participants had an understanding regarding the definite test of diagnosis for sexually transmitted Chlamydia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More sexual health skills development is required in medical practitioners working in Pakistan. The major deficient areas are sexual and drug history taking, management of sexually transmitted diseases and partner notification.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"237-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32772849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the role of alcohol during rape: the perfect storm of attention, emotion, & expectancies.","authors":"Scott A Johnson","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex offenders and violent offenders in general that were intoxicated at the time of their offense often claim that they were too intoxicated to know 1) what they were doing at the time of the offense and 2) therefore unable to recall the details of the offense situation the next day. What the literature has to say contradicts the claims of sex offenders or violent offenders who claim they were \"out of control\" and that they do not recall what they did in the offense situation. Alcohol use (mild to moderate consumption) appears to result in 1) alcohol myopia; 2) increased attentional focus on the more salient emotions (whether negative or positive); 3) improved creative thinking and improved attention to the activity at hand; 4) decreased frontal lobe activity (e.g., lack of concern about consequences or morals); 5) is impacted by alcohol expectancies; and 6) does not prevent an individual from being able to recall activity that occurred while intoxicated when provided cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"259-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32772853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent angst or true intent? Suicidal behavior, risk, and neurobiological mechanisms in depressed children and teenagers taking antidepressants.","authors":"Julia Morrison,&nbsp;Thomas L Schwartz","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality amongst children and adolescents. In 2004 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a \"black-box\" warning for antidepressants in children and adolescents, stating that these drugs may increase suicidality, a term encompassing both suicidal thoughts and behavior, especially in the first few weeks of treatment. The warning was extended in 2007 to antidepressants prescribed to adults aged 25 and under. The evidence behind this decision stemmed from meta-analyses of antidepressant clinical trials that demonstrated a slight increase in suicidality in those receiving antidepressants versus those treated with a placebo. Due to methods of this pooled data compilation, the relationship between antidepressants and suicidality remains controversial. This report investigates a case where a 14 year old with major depressive disorder (MDD) developed suicidal ideation shortly after being prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Investigating the role antidepressants may play in suicidality suggests the need to explore the neurobiological mechanisms within the serotonin system. This case and its theoretical explanations attempt to bridge the gap between neurobiology and pharmacology in order to better delineate the etiology of this adverse effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"247-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32772851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling psychiatric inpatient suicide attempts in Japan.","authors":"Katsumi Ikeshita,&nbsp;Shigero Shimoda,&nbsp;Kazunobu Norimoto,&nbsp;Keisuke Arita,&nbsp;Takuya Shimamoto,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Murata,&nbsp;Manabu Makinodan,&nbsp;Toshifumi Kishimoto","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is an adverse event that can occur even when patient are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities. This study delineates the demographic characteristics of suicide attempts in mental hospitals and psychiatric wards of general hospitals in Japan, a country where the suicide rate is remarkably high. Analyses of incident reports on serious suicide attempts in psychiatric inpatients were performed using prefectural incident records between April 1, 2001, and December 31, 2012. Suicide reports were included for 35 incidents that occurred over 11 years, and demonstrated that 83% of patients (n = 29) committed suicide and 17% (n = 6) survived their attempt with serious aftereffects, such as cognitive impairment or persistent vegetative state. The male/female ratio of inpatient suicide was 1.5:1. The mean age of the attempters was 50.5 years (SD = 18.2). The most common psychiatric diagnoses for those with suicide incident reports were schizophrenia spectrum disorders (51.4%) and affective disorders (40%). Hanging (60%) was the most common method of suicide attempt, followed by jumping in front of moving objects (14.3%) and jumping from height (11.4%). Fifty-four percent of suicides (n = 19) occurred within hospital sites and the remainder (46%; n = 16) occurred outside hospital sites (e.g., on medical leave or elopement) while they were still inpatients.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"217-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32772846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of diffusion weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.","authors":"Hasan Aydin,&nbsp;Idil Gunes Tatar,&nbsp;Baki Hekimoglu","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the utility of Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DWI can analyse the major manifestations of acute pancreatitis without any contrast agent use and may replace Abdominal CT and routine Pancreas MRI as a primary investigation tool for acute pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2","pages":"308-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32972148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are psychiatric disorders in children becoming more and more common?","authors":"Reiner Buchhorn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>In the last decades, an increase of new paediatric problems requiring medical care like eating disorders, behavioural and attention problems has been observed. Based on the hypothesis that mental illness is accompanied by autonomic dysfunction, we compared measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) in Holter ECG's from children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with those of healthy children and a historical control from 1997.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analysed the HRV parameters SDNN, rMSSD and pNN50 from 24 hours Holter ECG from children (mean age 10.8 years) with ADHD before or during medical therapy with methylphenidate (MPH). These values were compared with aged matched healthy children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to healthy controls ADHD children with and without MPH treatment showed significantly higher mean heart rates, lower pNN50 and lower RMSSD. pNN50 and RMSSD values of healthy children are lower compared to the historical control group from 1997.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to healthy children the peak of parasympathic activity measured by the HRV values pNN50 and RMSSD in early adolescence was reduced in children with ADHD. Compared to a historical control these values are also reduced in healthy children. A reduced vagal activity will--within the meaning of W. Porges polyvagal theory--have consequences on the social and emotional development of children. Moreover this observation may have consequences for an enhanced cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2","pages":"322-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32972151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten years of \"CHOICES\" in Portugal: four generations, a real resilient opportunity.","authors":"Margarida Gaspar de Matos,&nbsp;Celeste Simões,&nbsp;Isa Figueira,&nbsp;Pedro Calado","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Escolhas\" (\"Choices\") is a Portuguese programme that aims to promote children and youth social inclusion in deprived socioeconomic contexts. The present study aims to identify internal and external resources perceived by children and adolescents that participated in the programme, to understand the impact in life contexts, and to identify the resources nominated by their family, project professionals and partners. A qualitative method was used in order to analyze 365 discourses from four different groups: children and adolescents (149), family (40), project professionals (126) and project partners (50). The model used was Benard's Conceptual Model for Resilience and Youth Development. The conclusions highlight the success and relevance of Programa Escolhas (\"CHOICES\") regarding the children and the adolescents and their families, by promoting social inclusion in deprived socioeconomic contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2","pages":"328-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32972153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Police resiliency: an integration of individual and organization.","authors":"J. Violanti","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000E122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000E122","url":null,"abstract":"Police work produces conditions of both intense and chronic stress. During violent incidents, split second judgment is critical to avoid unnecessary harm to the public, to co-workers and to self. Officers know that these incidents may lead to litigation, secondguessing of officer decisions, and loss of personal property in court settlements, further increasing the stressful milieu. Police officers are also exposed to physical harm, shift work, long work hours, organizational stressors, victims of violence, police suicide and other tragic events.","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"270-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70935548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma in sub-Saharan Africa: review of cost, estimation methods, and interventions.","authors":"Melissa A Smigelsky,&nbsp;Jamie D Aten,&nbsp;Stacy Gerberich,&nbsp;Mark Sanders,&nbsp;Rachael Post,&nbsp;Kimberly Hook,&nbsp;Angie Ku,&nbsp;David M Boan,&nbsp;Phil Monroe","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma is a widely acknowledged problem facing individuals and communities in developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa-a region that is home to some of the world's worst human rights violations, ethnic and civil conflicts, disease epidemics, and conditions of poverty-trauma is an all-too-common experience in citizens' daily lives. In order to address these conditions effectively, the impact of trauma must be understood. The authors reviewed recent literature on the cost and consequences of psychological trauma in sub-Saharan Africa to provide a substantive perspective on how trauma affects individuals, communities, and organizations and to inform the effort to determine a method for measuring the impact of trauma in sub-Saharan Africa and the efficacy of trauma interventions in the region. Several recommendations are offered to help broaden and deepen the current approaches to conceptualizing trauma, evaluating its cost, and intervening on behalf of those impacted by trauma in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2","pages":"354-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32971509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness in teaching resilience to mental health providers.","authors":"Jacob Kaminker","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000E127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000E127","url":null,"abstract":"IJEMHHR • Vol. 16, No. 2 • 2014 122 Vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue are widely recognized problems among mental health providers, often leading to therapist burnout. When sufficient attention is paid to the experience and selfcare of the therapist, however, there can actually be positive outcomes for therapists working with trauma, which has been called vicarious resilience and posttraumatic growth, among other terms (Hernández, Engstrom, & Gangsei, 2010).","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70935701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}