{"title":"The Question of Women’s Leadership: Tensions in the Life and Thought of Isabel Crawford","authors":"M. Whiteley","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39109","url":null,"abstract":"In May 1893, Isabel Crawford awaited her graduation from the Baptist Missionary Training School in Chicago. As she waited, she attended many events of the World’s Congress of Representative Women, held as part of the World’s Columbian Exposition. Afterwards she wrote indignantly that “Eight female ministers were seated on the platform one day & gave their experiences. I was thoroughly disgusted with the whole caboodle of them. One free Will Baptist said she had baptized fifteen on one occasion & I couldn’t help but wish she had been drowned on the spot.” More than 1","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Myth Meets Reality: Canadian Presbyterians and the Great War","authors":"Stuart Macdonald","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39113","url":null,"abstract":"In his article “The Great War,” which appeared in the final volume of the Cambridge History of Christianity, Michael Snape summarizes the themes and historiography that have developed related to the Christian churches’ response to the First World War. He notes that \"much harsh and selfrighteous criticism\" has been leveled at the “churches’ wartime attitudes and activities.” To quote him further: “the historiography of Christianity 1","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parading the Children: The Leisure Activities of Ontario’s Protestant Sunday Schools, 1840-70","authors":"Patricia Kmiec","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39111","url":null,"abstract":"history of the Sunday school and of religious history more generally. As Lynne Marks explains, “religion and leisure are particularly valuable for exploring questions of identity because they were spheres in which late nineteenth-century Ontarians had the widest latitude of choice about their lives.” This was also the case in the middle of the nineteenth century. Although children may have had less power than adults in the choices of recreation they engaged in, a close look at the social activities that were common across Ontario provides important insight into how families chose to spend their leisure time. The shifting patterns in the leisure activities of Sunday schools over this period also reveal the changing role of religion in the everyday lives of Protestant Ontarians. As a site of popular and regular engagement of lay women, men and children, the extra-curricular aspects of Sunday schooling provide a window into how the routine experiences and activities of the laity evolved at this time. As early as 1840, Sunday school communities in Ontario were holding regular extra-curricular, leisure activities along with their weekly classroom lessons. From nature excursions to parades and picnics, these activities were enjoyed not only by the young pupils, but also their teachers, friends, fellow church members, and other Sunday school","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“College Has Been the Means of My Conversion”: The Empowering Role of Evangelicalism at Southern Women’s Colleges, 1800-65","authors":"J. Vanderheide","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39112","url":null,"abstract":"The history of evangelicalism and women in the antebellum South is often presented as a narrative of oppression. Scott Stephan accurately describes existing scholarship on religion and southern women when he writes that, “the traditional starting point for most studies on evangelical women in the antebellum South [has constituted] what religion did to women.” Rejecting the notion that evangelicalism played only a restricting role in southern women’s lives, Stephan challenges scholars to examine not only “what religion did to women,” but also “what religion did for women.” While scholars may agree theoretically with this approach, Stephan’s challenge has nonetheless gone unheeded in many aspects of historians’ actual work. This is certainly the case with scholarship on southern women’s higher education. Preoccupied with demonstrating that southern women’s education was engendered in such a way as to shape young women into submissive southern ladies, scholarship on southern women’s education simply assumes that evangelicalism, being one of the means to shape young women into ladies, played a fundamentally oppressive role in southern women’s lives. This interpretation may be substantiated by an 3","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Florence Nightingale: Mystic or Moralist?","authors":"D. Kerfoot","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39108","url":null,"abstract":"Evelyn Underhill, in her classic work Practical Mysticism, makes a significant statement in reference to Florence Nightingale, saying “Perhaps it is worthwhile to remind ourselves that the two women who have left the deepest mark upon the military history of France and England – Joan of Arc and Florence Nightingale – both acted under mystical compulsion.” To many, this statement may appear odd, since Nightingale’s name is most often recognized in the area of health sciences as the founder of the nursing profession. Underhill’s statement becomes even more striking when comparing the mystical experiences of Joan of Arc with the scientific methodology used by Florence Nightingale as a social reformer. Questions arise such as “How did Nightingale’s spiritual experience of God lead her into nursing?” and “In what way did her ideal of God’s perfection originate as an important tenet of her religious philosophy, especially in relation to the scientific world of modern Britain?” One cannot begin to entertain Nightingale as a mystic without first examining the events that led her into nursing and a career as a social reformer. Nightingale’s faith in God inspired her throughout life; however, it was her hard work and philosophy of science that provided her with the means of acquiring knowledge in order to suggest improvements regarding social and public health reforms. In this essay, I propose that Nightingale’s spirituality has much in common with Christian medieval mysticism, but differs drastically in its practical application when she begins to resolve problems encountered in health care and elsewhere. Nightingale viewed God as energizing,","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1740-92): Pietism, Enlightenment, and the Autonomous Self in Early Modern Germany","authors":"D. Shantz","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39110","url":null,"abstract":"This study represents an early stage in my new research project on “Making the Modern Self, 1700 to 1790,” an attempt to integrate religious experience and autobiography with a discussion of the rise of modern individualism in the West. My plan is to examine hundreds of autobiographies composed by German Pietist and Enlightenment figures, considering the cultural conditions and experiences they embody and the mutual influences between these two traditions. The point of departure is the challenge posed by Jane Shaw: there is a need to consider the possibility that “religious practice and religious experience played a part in the formation of the rational self.” 1 The project will employ a cultural-historical approach, represented by scholars such as Jürgen Habermas, Roy Porter, Michel de Certeau, and Richard van Dülman. They point to the importance of cultural-historical considerations, setting literary forms in their cultural setting by searching for cultural conditions that make specific notions of individuality and specific forms of writing possible and plausible. Pietist and Enlightenment autobiographies express the kind of individual made possible by the cultural and social terms in which the authors lived and worked. A proper method must balance historical context and textual evidence. This 2","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fear and Denial at the Crossroads? Where is the History of the “Child Abuse Scandal” within the Roman Catholic Church?","authors":"Sheila A. Redmond","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39115","url":null,"abstract":"made a number of observations and suggestions for possible areas for further research. Over the last nineteen years, an analysis of institutional and non-institutional Roman Catholic documents led me to the conclusion that the title I gave my paper in 1993 should be slightly modified: the new title could be “Well, we guess it’s true, but it’s still not our fault!” With few, if any, exceptions, the church tries to divest itself of any major responsibility for what has happened. “With hindsight” is a standard expression to be found in official documents, as is the excuse, “we didn’t know how harmful the sexual abuse of children was.” As limited as the historical evidence may be, the Catholic Church attempts to confine the “crisis” to a small period of time, essentially between 1950 and the present. There are a number of reasons put forward for the “problem.” The major scapegoat seems to be the secularization of the Church in the sixties and the seventies. This includes the acceptance, or at least a toleration of 4","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Know God, Serve Others”: Religion in the Canadian Girls in Training in the Interwar Years","authors":"Megan Baxter","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39116","url":null,"abstract":"religious and a practical movement. While not all components of the program were concerned with religion, this was the medium through which the national leaders thought they could help participants bring a “fullness of life” to all aspects of their daily existence. The national organization tried to help local leaders develop programs that would help girls become competent leaders as well as engaged mothers and wives. Throughout the interwar period, the national organization’s struggle to encourage CGIT participants to assume more public roles in the life of the nation was often at odds with an insistence on the primacy of the home and the vocation of motherhood. The national leaders of the CGIT believed that if teenage girls could be guided to a deeper religious belief, they would be more inclined to enter into the public sphere as effective, politically active leaders. At the same time, the connection between domestic and religious ideology was very strong. The role of the mother and the primacy of the domestic sphere continued to be central in mainstream Protestant churches. Both messages were present 3","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Life of Henry Bird Steinhauer","authors":"N. Knowles","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39117","url":null,"abstract":"Henry Bird Steinhauer was among the first Methodist missionaries in the Canadian West of Aboriginal descent and consequently occupies a prominent place in Methodist memory. In Vanguards of Canada, a collection of biographies that recounted the heroic exploits of Canada’s Methodist pioneers published in 1918, the Rev. John Maclean described Henry Bird Steinhauer as a “child of the wigwam” born amid “superstition, drunkenness and vice” and rescued “from the wild, roving life of his fathers” when he was converted by the powerful preaching of William Case and “placed under religious instruction.” Possessing a “kind and gentle disposition” and much “ability and industry,” the young Steinhauer demonstrated that “he was well qualified for the duties and responsibilities of a native missionary.” Where ever he was posted, Maclean insisted, Steinhauer’s “energy, faith and piety brought abundant success.” “Behind the darkskinned visage,” Maclean concluded, “lay an heroic soul,” “a saint among men,” “one of nature’s noblemen” and “a benefactor of his race” who led his people to “the altar of God” and prepared them “for the new civilization” that was transforming the west. To Maclean, Steinhauer was both a model missionary and an exemplar of the triumph of the missionary enterprise of converting and civilizing Native peoples. Mclean’s descriptions of Steinhauer’s life and career are typical of the many newspaper and magazine articles and dozens of books and pamphlets published by the church to promote and publicize its missionary efforts in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69182582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}