{"title":"“A Vital Christianity and A Genuine Democracy are Inseparable”: Christian Democracy in the Canadian Protestant Press in the Second World War","authors":"A. Rudy","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46470913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Humiliation to Honour: The Cross of Christ as a Symbol in the Modern Western World","authors":"Robert Revington","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39737","url":null,"abstract":"Although George Stevens’s 1965 film The Greatest Story Ever Told may not do justice to the claims of its title (as it has a 41% rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes), it does have a number of striking images. Stevens’s film is an adaptation of the Gospels. Early in the film, Mary and Joseph are returning to their home country, after hiding in Egypt to escape Herod the Great’s slaughter of the innocents in Bethlehem. They are greeted by a sobering sight: as they look at the road ahead of them and see hundreds of crucified men from a Jewish insurrection, the crosses stretch far into the distance. The image of all the crosses serves to foreshadow the eventual fate of Christ, while also reminding the audience that many people were crucified in the ancient world. Nonetheless, in a later interview, the film’s star Max von Sydow recalled:","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69194396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Church History for Wider Publics","authors":"A. Hayes","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39733","url":null,"abstract":"Like many academics, I’ve shaped the contours of my career according to the expectations and values of the university world. I’ve taught courses for registered students, published articles and book reviews for scholarly journals, written books for university presses, and included in my CV my service to my college and to scholarly guilds. And because I’ve taught at a church-related institution, I’ve also written for church publications and church presses, and added denominational participation to my CV as well. But it was only late in my career that I began to think about how my field of Christian history might usefully engage wider publics. In particular, my own area of interest, the historical engagement of settler and Indigenous Christianities in Canada, is in principle of quite considerable importance to wider publics in Canada in 2020. Our country is generally committed to following up recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of 2014, which raised questions about the churches and Indigenous peoples that are far more complex than they may at first appear. And it is not so easy for the public to find credible and useful information about this broad topic. In seeking to engage wider publics on this issue, I believe that, like most church historians, I have some significant previous experience doing history outside my academic guilds and schools. Many of us, maybe most of us, who participate in the Canadian Society of Church History understand ourselves to be loyal, not in an institutional or hierarchical way but in a moral way, to our churches. For instance, many of us have spoken to non-expert layfolk about our subject, helped with an exhibition in a","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44167650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taking God into the Suburbs: Canadian Presbyterians and New Church Development in the Toronto Area, 1945-1965","authors":"Stuart Macdonald","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42656670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The New Franciscans? New Monastic Appropriations of Saint Francis, 1990-2013","authors":"Paul R. Foth","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39725","url":null,"abstract":"of","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"God Goes Underground: The Involvement of Churches in Early Twentieth-Century Cape Breton Labour Disputes","authors":"M. Perry","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42128532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“To My Dear “St. Chad”: Anglican Devotion to an Anglo-Saxon Saint in late Edwardian Toronto","authors":"Jonathan S. Lofft","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39727","url":null,"abstract":"While a comprehensive study of what Nicholas Orme terms the invention and casting of church dedications in Canadian Anglicanism remains elusive, by attending to details of the singular life of ecclesiastical layman Edward Marion Chadwick (1840-1921), the circumstances of the limited introduction into the Diocese of Toronto of the cult of St. Chad, bishop of Lichfield, are for the first time revealed in this paper. Presenting archival and monumental evidence, I shall explore the surprising origins and unique representations of an innovative High Church dedication, acutely racialized to suit contemporary prejudice, cast and invented at the height of an era in Toronto characterized by rapid unplanned urbanization, spiking levels of English migration, and opportunistic efforts at church extension. Quietly transitioning from a form of semi-private, or family, to a public devotion, aspects of a medievalizing cult of St. Chad in late Edwardian Toronto were officially promoted as a means by which to honour the outstanding contribution of one individual to the life of the Diocese. In the same gesture, the patronage of St. Chad was conveniently leveraged to re-enforce prevailing imperialist constructions of AngloSaxon Canada and to appeal to the sensibilities of migrant churchmen from England. This unusual dedication, invented between 1909 and 1912, though never subsequently repeated in the local context, remains important for understanding lay piety and contemporary episcopal attitudes towards the cult of the saints in the period, as well as evidences both the dogged persistence of an Imperial Anglican identity, and an ongoing revival of","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People of the Book? Reflections on Histories of Christianity in Canada","authors":"Stuart Barnard","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39726","url":null,"abstract":"On Tuesday, 13 September 1904, over one hundred ministers and prominent laymen representing the range of Protestant churches in Toronto gathered together for an important luncheon. Held at Webb’s Restaurant in the Globe building on Yonge Street, the luncheon was convened to honour John H. Ritson, the Foreign Secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS), and to celebrate the work of the BFBS in Canada and around the world. It was a huge event in the city, bringing together some of Toronto’s most important and influential ministers and laymen. The Globe was there and subsequently printed an article describing the event and listing the most prominent guests in attendance. Those men were representatives of Canadian auxiliaries and branches of the BFBS scattered across the country. John Ritson had himself traveled to Toronto from London to meet with them at this conference to discuss the coordination of the Bible Society’s work in Canada. Local auxiliaries of the BFBS were established throughout British North America before Canada’s Confederation in 1867, and the organization continued to expand so that, by the turn of the twentieth century, there were sixteen auxiliaries and more than a thousand branches in Canada. But throughout the nineteenth century, each of these auxiliaries worked independently of one another, raising donations, employing agents and booksellers, ordering bibles from the BFBS’s Bible House in London, and sending money in order to pay for the books received and to help fund the organization’s work of translating","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rise and Fall (and Resilience) of the Peace Movement Among Presbyterians and the United Church in the Interwar Years, 1919-1939","authors":"G. Heath","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39714","url":null,"abstract":"The post-war years were uncertain and filled with angst. Nations clashed, democracies fumbled, and economies struggled. The Western world was in perpetual crisis, and countless book titles with words such as “decline,” “decadence,” “catastrophe,” and “sickness” expressed the sense of uncertainty and alarm for the future. Long held views on economics, morals, art, politics, and religion were in flux, including views related to war. Canadians were not immune to the uncertainty, and, during the interwar years, Presbyterians and United Church members (and, for a brief time, Methodists) experienced a dramatic shift in discourse surrounding war, and radical revisions were proposed as ways forward in a war-torn world. During and immediately after the Great War those denominations were – at least in their public statements – firmly in the just war tradition. However, throughout the twenties and thirties an increasing number grew disenchanted with notions of a “just war” and were quite vocal in advocating against supporting any war for any reason. Others, though, were not as enamoured with pacifist notions. The outbreak of war yet again in 1939 was met with a unified just war response by the Presbyterian Church of Canada (PCC), but the United Church of Canada (UCC) was deeply divided over support for the war. This paper explores the trajectory of and motives for that fluidity between the two world wars (1919-1939), as well as identifying the","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45399397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between Superman and Churches","authors":"Robert Revington","doi":"10.25071/0848-1563.39724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25071/0848-1563.39724","url":null,"abstract":"When future Superman comics editor Mort Weisinger was first hired as a comic book editor in the 1940s, he called his friend Otto Binder for a “crash course” on working in the medium. Binder said it was “very simple,” because in comics, “you get a fight, the hero hits the villain on the head with a lamp and says, ‘Lights out for you!’” That may be a bit of a simplification. Sometimes, superhero stories endeavour to comment on contemporary politics, have deep literary significance, or evoke religious symbolism. Nonetheless, with reference to the character of Superman, this study will demonstrate that churches have had an evolving relationship with superhero media that connect their stories to Jesus. In this essay I will track the history of parallels between the comic book character of Superman and Jesus Christ and analyze how such parallels have been perceived in churches in North America. The idea of connecting Superman and Jesus has sometimes been controversial. I will argue that initially some churches and self-professing Christians were cautious or even angry about such parallels, but over time, other Christians began to exploit this parallelism because they thought Superman movies could be used for evangelistic purposes. Even so, in the last decade, the studios behind the Superman films consciously exploited that parallelism to market the movies to churches. As such, churches and pastors who participate in such enterprises are left with an ethical question: should they allow themselves to be used as a marketing tool for a multinational corporation trying to sell a superhero film if they believe that in doing so, they can help spread the Gospel to the wider culture?","PeriodicalId":81435,"journal":{"name":"Historical papers. Canadian Historical Association. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42552350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}