Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics最新文献

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Cosmology and High-Energy Astrophysics: A 50-Year Perspective on Personalities, Progress, and Prospects 宇宙学与高能天体物理学:50年的个性、进展和前景
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-111021-084639
M. Rees
{"title":"Cosmology and High-Energy Astrophysics: A 50-Year Perspective on Personalities, Progress, and Prospects","authors":"M. Rees","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-111021-084639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-111021-084639","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1960s, novel and increasingly powerful observational techniques opened up the field of high-energy astrophysics. Cosmology started to become an empirical science, and there was a resurgence in the study of general relativity. Martin Rees became a graduate student at the University of Cambridge during that period and subsequently held postdoc positions in the United States. He was therefore fortunate to have a close-up perspective on some of these developments and to interact with many senior figures who were spearheading these advances. He himself became a phenomenologist, contributing his own ideas to several topics in these fields and working with many collaborators. This article offers an assessment of some key subsequent developments and personal perspectives from a diverse career spanning more than 50 years. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42896326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Asteroseismology Across the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram 赫罗图上的星震学
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-094232
D. Kurtz
{"title":"Asteroseismology Across the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram","authors":"D. Kurtz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-094232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-094232","url":null,"abstract":"Asteroseismology has grown from its beginnings three decades ago to a mature field teeming with discoveries and applications. This phenomenal growth has been enabled by space photometry with precision 10–100 times better than ground-based observations, with nearly continuous light curves for durations of weeks to years, and by large-scale ground-based surveys spanning years designed to detect all time-variable phenomena. The new high-precision data are full of surprises, deepening our understanding of the physics of stars. ▪ This review explores asteroseismic developments from the past decade primarily as a result of light curves from the Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite space missions for massive upper main sequence OBAF stars, pre-main-sequence stars, peculiar stars, classical pulsators, white dwarfs and subdwarfs, and tidally interacting close binaries. ▪ The space missions have increased the numbers of pulsators in many classes by an order of magnitude. ▪ Asteroseismology measures fundamental stellar parameters and stellar interior physics—mass, radius, age, metallicity, luminosity, distance, magnetic fields, interior rotation, angular momentum transfer, convective overshoot, core-burning stage—supporting disparate fields such as galactic archeology, exoplanet host stars, supernovae progenitors, gamma-ray and gravitational wave precursors, close binary star origins and evolution, and standard candles. ▪ Stars are the luminous tracers of the Universe. Asteroseismology significantly improves models of stellar structure and evolution on which all inference from stars depends. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63954453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Photodissociation and X-Ray-Dominated Regions 光解与x射线主导区
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-010254
M. Wolfire, L. Vallini, M. Chevance
{"title":"Photodissociation and X-Ray-Dominated Regions","authors":"M. Wolfire, L. Vallini, M. Chevance","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-010254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-010254","url":null,"abstract":"The radiation from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) creates photodissociation regions (PDRs) and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs), where the chemistry or heating are dominated by far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation or X-ray radiation, respectively. PDRs include a wide range of environments, from the diffuse interstellar medium to dense star-forming regions. XDRs are found in the center of galaxies hosting AGNs, in protostellar disks, and in the vicinity of X-ray binaries. In this review, we describe the dominant thermal, chemical, and radiation transfer processes in PDRs and XDRs, as well as give a brief description of models and their use for analyzing observations. We then present recent results from Milky Way, nearby extragalactic, and high-redshift observations. Several important results include the following: ▪ Velocity-resolved PDR lines reveal the kinematics of the neutral atomic gas and provide constraints on the stellar feedback process. Their interpretation is, however, in dispute, as observations suggest a prominent role for stellar winds, whereas they are much less important in theoretical models. ▪ A significant fraction of molecular mass resides in CO-dark gas especially in low-metallicity and/or highly irradiated environments. ▪ The CO ladder and [Ci][Formula: see text][Cii] ratios can determine if FUV or X rays dominate the ISM heating of extragalactic sources. ▪ With Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, PDR and XDR tracers are now routinely detected on galactic scales over cosmic time. This makes it possible to link the star-formation history of the Universe to the evolution of the physical and chemical properties of the gas. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63954443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
The Cold Interstellar Medium of Galaxies in the Local Universe 局域宇宙中星系的冷星际介质
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-021022-043545
A. Saintonge, B. Catinella
{"title":"The Cold Interstellar Medium of Galaxies in the Local Universe","authors":"A. Saintonge, B. Catinella","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-021022-043545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-021022-043545","url":null,"abstract":"The cold interstellar medium (ISM) plays a central role in the galaxy evolution process. It is the reservoir that fuels galaxy growth via star formation, the repository of material formed by these stars, and a sensitive tracer of internal and external processes that affect entire galaxies. Consequently, significant efforts have gone into systematic surveys of the cold ISM of the galaxies in the local Universe. This review discusses the resulting network of scaling relations connecting the atomic and molecular gas masses of galaxies with their other global properties (stellar masses, morphologies, metallicities, star-formation activity…) and their implications for our understanding of galaxy evolution. Key take-home messages are as follows: ▪ From a gas perspective, there are three main factors that determine the star-formation rate of a galaxy: the total mass of its cold ISM, how much of that gas is molecular, and the rate at which any molecular gas is converted into stars. All three of these factors vary systematically across the local galaxy population. ▪ The shape and scatter of both the star-formation main sequence and the mass–metallicity relation are deeply linked to the availability of atomic and molecular gas. ▪ Future progress will come from expanding our exploration of scaling relations into new parameter space (in particular, the regime of dwarf galaxies), better connecting the cold ISM of large samples of galaxies with the environment that feeds them (the circumgalactic medium, in particular), and understanding the impact of these large scales on the efficiency of the star-formation process on molecular cloud scales. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Galaxy Formation and Reionization: Key Unknowns and Expected Breakthroughs by the James Webb Space Telescope 星系的形成和再电离:詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的关键未知和预期突破
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-120221-044656
B. Robertson
{"title":"Galaxy Formation and Reionization: Key Unknowns and Expected Breakthroughs by the James Webb Space Telescope","authors":"B. Robertson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-120221-044656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-120221-044656","url":null,"abstract":"The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in late 2021 marks a new start for studies of galaxy formation at high redshift ( z ≳ 6) during the era of cosmic reionization. JWST can capture sensitive, high-resolution images and multiobject spectroscopy in the IR that will transform our view of galaxy formation during the first billion years of cosmic history. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of galaxies in reionizing intergalactic hydrogen ahead of JWST, achieved through observations with the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based facilities including Keck, the Very Large Telescope, Subaru, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. We identify outstanding questions in the field that JWST can address during its mission lifetime, including with the planned JWST Cycle 1 programs. These findings include the following: ▪ Surveys with JWST have sufficient sensitivity and area to complete the census of galaxy formation at the current redshift frontier ( z ∼ 8–10). ▪ Rest-frame optical spectroscopy with JWST of galaxies will newly enable measures of star-formation rate, metallicity, and ionization at z ∼ 8–9, allowing for the astrophysics of early galaxies to be constrained. ▪ The presence of evolved stellar populations at z ∼ 8–10 can be definitively tested by JWST, which would provide evidence of star formation out to z ∼ 15. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Spirals in Galaxies 星系中的螺旋
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-104505
J. Sellwood, K. Masters
{"title":"Spirals in Galaxies","authors":"J. Sellwood, K. Masters","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-104505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-104505","url":null,"abstract":"Spirals in galaxies have long been thought to be caused by gravitational instability in the stellar component of the disk, but discerning the precise mechanism had proved elusive. Tidal interactions, and perhaps bars, may provoke some spiral responses, but spirals in many galaxies must be self-excited. We survey the relevant observational data and aspects of disk dynamical theory. The origin of the recurring spiral patterns in simulations of isolated disk galaxies has recently become clear, and it is likely that the mechanism is the same in real galaxies, although evidence to confirm this supposition is hard to obtain. As transient spiral activity increases random motion, the patterns must fade over time unless the disk also contains a dissipative gas component. Continuing spiral activity alters the structure of the disks in other ways: reducing metallicity gradients and flattening rotation curves are two of the most significant. The overwhelming majority of spirals in galaxies have two- or three-fold rotational symmetry, indicating that the cool, thin disk component is massive. Spirals in simulations of halo-dominated disks instead manifest many arms and, consequently, do not capture the expected full spiral-driven evolution. We conclude by identifying areas where further work is needed. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46491058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Theory and Diagnostics of Hot Star Mass Loss 热星质量损失的理论与诊断
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-094949
J. Vink
{"title":"Theory and Diagnostics of Hot Star Mass Loss","authors":"J. Vink","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-094949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-094949","url":null,"abstract":"Massive stars have strong stellar winds that direct their evolution through the upper Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and determine the black hole mass function. Furthermore, wind strength dictates the atmospheric structure that sets the ionizing flux. Finally, the wind directly intervenes with the stellar envelope structure, which is decisive for both single-star and binary evolution, affecting predictions for gravitational wave events. Key findings of current hot star research include: ▪ The traditional line-driven wind theory is being updated with Monte Carlo and comoving frame computations, revealing a rich multivariate behavior of the mass-loss rate [Formula: see text] in terms of M, L, Eddington Γ, Teff, and chemical composition Z. Concerning the latter, [Formula: see text] is shown to depend on the iron (Fe) opacity, making Wolf–Rayet populations, and gravitational wave events dependent on host galaxy Z. ▪ On top of smooth mass-loss behavior, there are several transitions in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, involving bistability jumps around Fe recombination temperatures, leading to quasi-stationary episodic, and not necessarily eruptive, luminous blue variable and pre-SN mass loss. ▪ Furthermore, there are kinks. At 100 [Formula: see text] a high Γ mass-loss transition implies that hydrogen-rich, very massive stars have higher mass-loss rates than commonly considered. At the other end of the mass spectrum, low-mass stripped helium stars no longer appear as Wolf–Rayet stars but as optically thin stars. These stripped stars, in addition to very massive stars, are two newly identified sources of ionizing radiation that could play a key role in local star formation as well as at high redshift. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Tidal Disruption Events 潮汐中断事件
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-111720-030029
Suvi Gezari
{"title":"Tidal Disruption Events","authors":"Suvi Gezari","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-111720-030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-111720-030029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concept of stars being tidally ripped apart and consumed by a massive black hole (MBH) lurking in the center of a galaxy first captivated theorists in the late 1970s. The observational evidence for these rare but illuminating phenomena for probing otherwise dormant MBHs first emerged in archival searches of the soft X-ray ROSAT All-Sky Survey in the 1990s, but has recently accelerated with the increasing survey power in the optical time domain, with tidal disruption events (TDEs) now regarded as a class of optical nuclear transients with distinct spectroscopic features. Multiwavelength observations of TDEs have revealed panchromatic emission, probing a wide range of scales, from the innermost regions of the accretion flow to the surrounding circumnuclear medium. I review the current census of 56 TDEs reported in the literature, and their observed properties can be summarized as follows: <table border=\"0\" list-type=\"bullet\" width=\"95%\"><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>The optical light curves follow a power-law decline from peak that scales with the inferred central black hole mass as expected for the fallback rate of the stellar debris, but the rise time does not.</td></tr><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>The UV-optical and soft X-ray thermal emission come from different spatial scales, and their intensity ratio has a large dynamic range and is highly variable, providing important clues as to what is powering the two components.</td></tr><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>They can be grouped into three spectral classes, and those with Bowen fluorescence line emission show a preference for a hotter and more compact line-emitting region, whereas those with only He<span>ii</span> emission lines are the rarest class.</td></tr></table>","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transneptunian Space
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-120920-010005
Brett Gladman, Kathryn Volk
{"title":"Transneptunian Space","authors":"Brett Gladman, Kathryn Volk","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-120920-010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-120920-010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We provide a nonspecialist overview of the current state of understanding of the structure and origin of our Solar System's transneptunian region (often called the Kuiper Belt), highlighting perspectives on planetesimal formation, planet migration, and the contextual relationship with protoplanetary disks. We review the dynamical features of the transneptunian populations and their associated differences in physical properties. We describe aspects of our knowledge that have advanced in the past two decades and then move on to current issues of research interest (which thus still have unclear resolution). <table border=\"0\" list-type=\"bullet\" width=\"95%\"><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>The current transneptunian population consists of both implanted and primordial objects.</td></tr><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>The primordial (aka cold) population is a largely unaltered remnant of the population that formed in situ.</td></tr><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>The reason for the primordial cold population's current outer edge is unexplained.</td></tr><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>The large semimajor-axis population now dynamically detached from Neptune is critical for understanding the Solar System's history.</td></tr><tr><td valign=\"top\">▪ </td><td colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"><p>Observational constraints on the number and orbits of distant objects remain poor.</td></tr></table>","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carrington Events Carrington活动
IF 33.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-023324
H. Hudson
{"title":"Carrington Events","authors":"H. Hudson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-023324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-023324","url":null,"abstract":"The Carrington event in 1859, a solar flare with an associated geomagnetic storm, has served as a prototype of possible superflare occurrence on the Sun. Recent geophysical (14C signatures in tree rings) and precise time-series photometry [the bolometric total solar irradiance (TSI) for the Sun, and the broadband photometry from Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, for the stars] have broadened our perspective on extreme events and the threats that they pose for Earth and for Earth-like exoplanets. This review assesses the mutual solar and/or stellar lessons learned and the status of our theoretical understanding of the new data, both stellar and solar, as they relate to the physics of the Carrington event. The discussion includes the event's implied coronal mass ejection, its potential “solar cosmic ray” production, and the observed geomagnetic disturbances based on the multimessenger information already available in that era. Taking the Carrington event as an exemplar of the most extreme solar event, and in the context of our rich modern knowledge of solar flare and/or coronal mass ejection events, we discuss the aspects of these processes that might be relevant to activity on solar-type stars, and in particular their superflares. ▪ The Carrington flare of 1859, though powerful, did not significantly exceed the magnitudes of the greatest events observed in the modern era. ▪ Stellar “superflare” events on solar-type stars may share common paradigms, and also suggest the possibility of a more extreme solar event at some time in the future. ▪ We benefit from comparing the better-known microphysics of solar flares and CMEs with the diversity of related stellar phenomena. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 59 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8138,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47288899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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