Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology最新文献_第3页

Use of animal models for space flight physiology studies, with special focus on the immune system. 利用动物模型进行太空飞行生理学研究，特别关注免疫系统。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Gerald Sonnenfeld

{"title":"Use of animal models for space flight physiology studies, with special focus on the immune system.","authors":"Gerald Sonnenfeld","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Animal models have been used to study the effects of space flight on physiological systems. The animal models have been used because of the limited availability of human subjects for studies to be carried out in space as well as because of the need to carry out experiments requiring samples and experimental conditions that cannot be performed using humans. Experiments have been carried out in space using a variety of species, and included developmental biology studies. These species included rats, mice, non-human primates, fish, invertebrates, amphibians and insects. The species were chosen because they best fit the experimental conditions required for the experiments. Experiments with animals have also been carried out utilizing ground-based models that simulate some of the effects of exposure to space flight conditions. Most of the animal studies have generated results that parallel the effects of space flight on human physiological systems. Systems studied have included the neurovestibular system, the musculoskeletal system, the immune system, the neurological system, the hematological system, and the cardiovascular system. Hindlimb unloading, a ground-based model of some of the effects of space flight on the immune system, has been used to study the effects of space flight conditions on physiological parameters. For the immune system, exposure to hindlimb unloading has been shown to results in alterations of the immune system similar to those observed after space flight. This has permitted the development of experiments that demonstrated compromised resistance to infection in rodents maintained in the hindlimb unloading model as well as the beginning of studies to develop countermeasures to ameliorate or prevent such occurrences. Although there are limitations to the use of animal models for the effects of space flight on physiological systems, the animal models should prove very valuable in designing countermeasures for exploration class missions of the future.","PeriodicalId":81348,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology","volume":"18 2","pages":"31-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24915796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and production of Exotoxin A in static and modeled microgravity environments. 铜绿假单胞菌在静态和模拟微重力环境中的生长和外毒素 A 的产生。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

S Guadarrama, E deL Pulcini, S C Broadaway, B H Pyle

引用次数: 0

Methods for the culture of C. elegans and S. cerevisiae in microgravity. 微重力培养秀丽隐杆线虫和酿酒葡萄球菌的方法。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Thomas Fahlen, June Sunga, Jon Rask, Anna Herrera, Kitty Lam, Luke Sing, Kevin Sato, Ross A Ramos, Melissa Kirven-Brooks, Debra Reiss-Bubenheim

引用次数: 0

Neurophysiological long-term recordings in space: experiments Scorpi and Scorpi-T. 太空中的神经生理学长期记录:天蝎和天蝎-t实验。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Michael Schmah, Eberhard Horn

引用次数: 0

Alteration of growth and gravitropic response of maize roots by lithium. 锂对玉米根系生长和向地性响应的影响。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Timothy J Mulkey

引用次数: 0

Consequences of cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight: implications for the use of pharmacological countermeasures. 心血管适应航天的后果:对使用药理学对策的影响。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Victor A Convertino

{"title":"Consequences of cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight: implications for the use of pharmacological countermeasures.","authors":"Victor A Convertino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"There is little evidence obtained from space flight to support the notion that occurrence of cardiac dysrhythmias, impaired cardiac and vascular function, and manifestation of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease represent serious risks during space flight. Therefore, the development of orthostatic hypotension and instability immediately after return from spaceflight probably reflect the most significant operational risks associated with the cardiovascular system of astronauts. Significant reductions in stroke volume and lower reserve for increasing peripheral vascular resistance contribute to ineffective maintenance of systemic arterial blood pressure during standing after spaceflight despite compensatory elevations in heart rate. The primary mechanism underlying reduced stroke volume appears to be a reduction in preload associated with less circulating blood volume while inadequate peripheral vasoconstriction may be caused partly by hyporeactivity of receptors that control arterial smooth muscle function. A focus for development of future countermeasures for hemodynamic responses to central hypovolemia includes the potential application of pharmacological agents that specifically target and restore blood volume (e.g., fludrocortisone, electrolyte-containing beverages) and reserve for vasoconstriction (e.g., midodrine, vasopressin). Based on systematic evaluations, acute physical exercise designed to elicit maximal effort or inspiratory resistance have shown promise as successful countermeasures that provide protection against development of orthostatic hypotension and intolerance without potential risks and side effects associated with specific pharmacological interventions.","PeriodicalId":81348,"journal":{"name":"Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology","volume":"18 2","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24915798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a silane quaternary ammonium salt as an antimicrobial surface treatment. 硅烷季铵盐作为抗菌表面处理的评价。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Daniel Blustein, Nona Hinkle, Ami Smith

引用次数: 0

Screening and identification of cryopreservative agents for human cellular biotechnology experiments in microgravity. 微重力条件下人体细胞生物技术实验用低温保鲜剂的筛选与鉴定。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Todd F Elliott, Gokul C Das, Dianne K Hammond, Robert J Schwarzkopf, Leslie B Jones, Tacey L Baker, John E Love

引用次数: 0

Development and testing of an efficient LED intracanopy lighting design for minimizing Equivalent System Mass in an advanced life-support system. 开发和测试一种高效的LED内部照明设计，以最大限度地减少先进生命维持系统中的等效系统质量。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

G D Massa, J C Emmerich, M E Mick, R J Kennedy, R C Morrow, C A Mitchell

引用次数: 0

Possible involvement of flow detection in the activation of osteoblasts. 血流检测可能参与成骨细胞的激活。

Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology Pub Date : 2005-06-01

Muneo Takaoki, Hyekeyong Park, Naoko Murakami, Dai Shiba, Jun-Ichiro Gyotoku

引用次数: 0