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Immigration, Emigration, Fungible Labour and the Retreat from Progressive Taxation 移民、移民、可替代劳动力和退出累进税
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509935024.ch-008
Henry Ordower
{"title":"Immigration, Emigration, Fungible Labour and the Retreat from Progressive Taxation","authors":"Henry Ordower","doi":"10.5040/9781509935024.ch-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509935024.ch-008","url":null,"abstract":"With emphasis on the US, this chapter explores the role that taxation plays in the movement of people and capital. The chapter addresses the relationship between taxes and retention of capital, including tax incentives for capital investment, shifting tax burdens from capital to labor as progressive taxation wanes, and rules preventing the escape of capital from its current taxing jurisdiction. Next, the discussion moves on to consider how taxes supplement immigration policy to attract capital currently outside the jurisdiction. The chapter then queries whether taxes play any significant role in attracting or retaining skilled labor before identifying how tax trends disadvantage \"less desirable\", fungible, frequently immigrant labor in response to anti-immigration and anti-immigrant public sentiment. The chapter concludes by observing a relationship between taxation and the unwillingness of societies to help those who culturally, ethnically, racially or religiously differ from the bulk of the membership in the society as that society may change from time to time.","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89203043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Residence and Citizenship by Investment: An Updated Database on Immigrant Investor Programs 投资居留和公民身份:投资移民项目的更新数据库
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-10-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3474396
Leila Adim
{"title":"Residence and Citizenship by Investment: An Updated Database on Immigrant Investor Programs","authors":"Leila Adim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3474396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3474396","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, many countries have chosen to implement Immigrant Investor Programs (IIPs) to attract foreign capital and boost national economies. IIPs are based on a conditional exchange logic according to which the host country offers residence permits (Residence by Investment — RBI —), citizenship (Citizenship by Investment — CBI —) and, sometimes, preferential tax regimes, to third-country nationals making substantial investments within its territory. The influence of this kind of economic strategies on in — and out — migration of individuals and capitals leads the polarization of both immigrants and states. IIPs, in fact, tend to reveal the existence of a lucky class of immigrants, able to invest in order to skip the standard procedures for obtaining residence permits and/or citizenship, and to show that the provision of preferential treatments is apt to turn states into “top destinations”. Such a polarization does not arise from the willingness to damage a group of immigrants or from attempts to undermine the economy of other countries; by implementing IIPs, host countries pursue economic benefits without minding on any detrimental consequence. IIPs can generate discrimination between high and low-income people — immigrants and citizens —, unfair economic competition among countries, and also mismatches in the field of taxation. All these negative impacts have been widely addressed in recent publications, but they still exist and to fight them, it is important to keep the information related to RBIs and the CBIs always updated. This paper provides a database of these programs and their main characteristics with the aim to facilitate the work of all those researchers and organizations that commit themselves to the study of the factors that give rise to economic discrimination and unfair competition.","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Police Trust and Domestic Violence: Evidence from Immigration Policies 警察信任与家庭暴力:来自移民政策的证据
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3483959
Catalina Amuedo‐Dorantes, Esther Arenas-Arroyo
{"title":"Police Trust and Domestic Violence: Evidence from Immigration Policies","authors":"Catalina Amuedo‐Dorantes, Esther Arenas-Arroyo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3483959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3483959","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic violence is a serious under-reported crime in the United States, especially among immigrant women. While the Violence against Women Act (VAWA) allows battered immigrants to petition for legal status without relying on abusive U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident spouses, we find that intensified interior immigration enforcement has curbed the VAWA self-petition rate. In contrast, sanctuary policies limiting the cooperation of police with immigration authorities have helped counteract that impact. The results, which prove robust to alternative measures of the policies, support the hypothesized changes in victims' reporting in response to the policies. Understanding survivors' responses to immigration policy is crucial given growing police mistrust and vulnerability to crime among immigrants.","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76508740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
#Portichiusi: The Human Costs of Migrant Deterrence in the Mediterranean #Portichiusi:地中海阻止移民的人力成本
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-09-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3449172
M. Cantarella
{"title":"#Portichiusi: The Human Costs of Migrant Deterrence in the Mediterranean","authors":"M. Cantarella","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3449172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3449172","url":null,"abstract":"Using daily data on forced migration from the IOM, I compare trends in flows and mortality across three major migration routes in the Mediterranean, analysing the effects of the introduction of rescue-deterrence policies in Italy. Controlling for exogenous shocks which affect push and pull factors in mobility, along with sea state conditions and route-day fixed effects, I find that the reduction in refugee migration flows in the Central Mediterranean has been modest, at best. At the same time, these policies have generated a permanent increase in daily mortality rates in the Central Mediterranean, having grown by more than 4 deaths per day. Finally, I investigate whether variations in mortality are sufficient to offset migration flows. Increases in mortality rates, however, are only accompanied by a short-term negative displacement effect, as migration attempts are delayed by increases in absolute mortality, rather than being prevented.","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85538471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Como ser imigrante em terras da América Latina-Brasil, e o olhar para a mulher nesta trajetória (How to Be an Immigrant in Latin America-Brazil Lands, and the Look at the Woman in This Trajectory) 如何成为拉丁美洲-巴西土地上的移民，以及在这条道路上看待女性(如何成为拉丁美洲-巴西土地上的移民，以及在这条道路上看待女性)
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-06-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3534156
Eliana Cristina Rosa
{"title":"Como ser imigrante em terras da América Latina-Brasil, e o olhar para a mulher nesta trajetória (How to Be an Immigrant in Latin America-Brazil Lands, and the Look at the Woman in This Trajectory)","authors":"Eliana Cristina Rosa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3534156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534156","url":null,"abstract":"O objetivo da pesquisa e a reflexao sobre o momento atual que o Brasil enfrenta com a demanda macica de imigrantes venezuelanos no pais. Trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, exploratoria; com o direcionamento para uma investigacao bibliografica e documental a qual se determina, como um estudo transversal. Realizado levantamento bibliografico no periodo do ano de 2018, nas bases de dados Scielo, e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (Lilacs), Sites Informativos de Noticias, Sensos demograficos. As necessidades destas pessoas envolvem a luta pela sobrevivencia, e neste universo a mulher e uma questao pungente de prioridades para si propria e para seus filhos. Ao seguir os caminhos dos achados escritos por estudiosos, se fez necessario instigar e incitar um assunto polemico, delicado, que direciona a desenvolver a compreensao do trabalho mais antigo do mundo a “prostituicao”.","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83539394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perceived Threat Had a Greater Impact Than Contact with Immigrants on Brexit Vote 感知威胁对英国脱欧投票的影响大于与移民的接触
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.31014/AIOR.1991.02.02.74
Julian R.P. Bond, Ricardo Tejeiro
{"title":"Perceived Threat Had a Greater Impact Than Contact with Immigrants on Brexit Vote","authors":"Julian R.P. Bond, Ricardo Tejeiro","doi":"10.31014/AIOR.1991.02.02.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31014/AIOR.1991.02.02.74","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 21st century, the United Kingdom (UK) witnessed a significant rise in net immigration, partly caused by freedom of movement within the European Union (EU). In response to political pressures, a referendum on EU membership was held in June 2016, resulting in a narrow majority for leaving the EU. This paper analyses the relative impact of contact and perceived threat on prejudice and voting behaviour in the referendum based on a sample of 1127 UK adults. While racial prejudice was a significant predictor of stated voting behaviour in the referendum, the relationship of voting with perceived threat was greater. Both factors were around five times more predictive of voting behaviour than contact. Both prejudice towards and perceived threat from EU immigrants was significantly more predictive than the same measures across all immigrants, suggesting that the impact of these variables on voting behaviour was more nuanced than a general negativity towards immigrants. There was no evidence that any positive effect of contact in reducing prejudice cumulates over multiple touchpoints.","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Immigration Policy and Public Health 移民政策和公共卫生
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-05-11 DOI: 10.18060/23297
Polly J. Price
{"title":"Immigration Policy and Public Health","authors":"Polly J. Price","doi":"10.18060/23297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18060/23297","url":null,"abstract":"Federal law and immigration policy create distinctions between citizens and non-citizens that threaten public health in the US. We rely on local health departments to prevent and contain the spread of contagious disease among the US population. But recent policy initiatives, including the attempt to redefine “public charge,” make the job of local health departments harder. In this article, I show how previous administrations protected the public health interests of state and local governments following welfare reform in the 1990s, compared with a new “public charge” doctrine that experience has shown produces “negative public health consequences” and, as DHS admits, could lead to “increased prevalence of communicable diseases, including among members of the U.S. citizen population.” In implementing a policy to discourage would-be immigrants who are poor, the federal government has lost sight of “population” health that is the domain of the local public health department.","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85044810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Formation of the Modern Legal Subject and the Development of Citizenship in Iran between Two Revolutions (1906-1979) 两次革命之间伊朗现代法律主体的形成与公民权的发展(1906-1979)
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.35295/OSLS.IISL/0000-0000-0000-1027
H. Enayat
{"title":"The Formation of the Modern Legal Subject and the Development of Citizenship in Iran between Two Revolutions (1906-1979)","authors":"H. Enayat","doi":"10.35295/OSLS.IISL/0000-0000-0000-1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35295/OSLS.IISL/0000-0000-0000-1027","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the formation of the modern legal subject in post-constitutional and Pahlavi Iran (1906-1979) and its relationship to citizenship. It first explores, at an abstract level, the relationship between law, subject-formation and citizenship before looking at the historical and comparative aspects of personhood in the Western and Islamic legal traditions. This forms the backdrop for analysis of the legal reforms triggered by the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, with a particular focus on the civil and penal codes which were promulgated under Reza Shah and the complex and conflicted notions of subjectivity and citizenship which they nurtured. The article will conclude with some observations about the relationship between law, subjectivity and citizenship between the two revolutions and beyond. Este articulo examina la formacion del sujeto juridico moderno en el Iran posconstitucional y en la era de los Pahlavi (1906-1979) y su relacion con la ciudadania. En primer lugar, analiza, en un nivel abstracto, la relacion entre derecho, formacion de sujeto y ciudadania; despues, se fija en los aspectos historicos y comparativos de la persona en las tradiciones juridicas occidental e islamica. Esto configura el panorama para el analisis de las reformas juridicas impulsadas por la Revolucion Constitucional de 1906, con especial atencion en los codigos civil y penal que fueron promulgados durante el reinado de Reza Pahlavi, y las complejas y conflictivas nociones de subjetividad y ciudadania que aquellos alimentaron. El articulo concluye con algunas observaciones sobre la relacion entre derecho, subjetividad y ciudadania entre las dos revoluciones y mas alla. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1027 Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"30 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77256786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cooler Heads: 冷静:
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvbtzpm1.6
Anna O. Law
{"title":"Cooler Heads:","authors":"Anna O. Law","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbtzpm1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbtzpm1.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74861872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Americans First: 美国人第一次:
Georgetown immigration law journal Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvbtzpm1.5
G. Freeman
{"title":"Americans First:","authors":"G. Freeman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbtzpm1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbtzpm1.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81320,"journal":{"name":"Georgetown immigration law journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80800803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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