Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde最新文献

{"title":"Einfluss von Biomin®IMBO auf die humorale immunantwort von broilern","authors":"S. M. Dibaji, Alireza Seidavi, Leila Asadpour, F. S. Chopa, Vito Laudadio, Elisabetta Casalino, V.Dibaji Tufarelli","doi":"10.1399/eps.2015.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2015.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80780784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laying hen performance in different production systems; why do they differ and how to close the gap? Results of discussions with groups of farmers in The Netherlands, Switzerland and France, benchmarking and model calculations","authors":"F. Leenstra, V. Maurer, F. Galea, M. Bestman, Z. Amsler, J. Visscher, I. Vermeij, M. V. Krimpen","doi":"10.1399/EPS.2014.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1399/EPS.2014.53","url":null,"abstract":"Free range and organic systems expose the laying hen more to unexpected events and adverse climatic conditions than barn and cage systems. In France, The Netherlands and Switzerland the requirements for a hen suitable to produce in free range and organic systems were discussed with farmers. The farmers preferred for these systems a more ‘robust’ hen, more specifically defined as a heavier hen with good eating capacity. \u0000Benchmarking of flocks in a web-based management program in The Netherlands from layer flocks finished in 2008 – 2013 indicated that in earlier years indeed mortality among organic and to a lesser extent free range hens was higher than among barn or cage hens. Feed conversion (kg feed/kg eggs) is higher, but the gap is closing. \u0000Improvements in management of the hens during rearing and in the layer phase in free range and organic systems seem to be important. Breeding companies take behaviour and performance in non-cage systems into account in their selection programs. \u0000Heavier hens need a diet with a lower protein to energy ratio. From model calculations we concluded that in organic systems a heavier hen might be economically profitable, as total feed costs are lower for the heavier hen then for a hen with a lower body weight requiring a diet with a high protein content. For conventional free range hens this is not the case as then the protein content can be adapted by synthetic amino acids. \u0000Field studies and cooperation between farmers and breeding organisations will have to show if a strain of heavier hens will be successful in the rather small organic market.","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72892867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phenotypic interrelationships between feather pecking, being feather pecked and fear criteria in White Leghorn lines selected for high and low severe feather pecking and their F2-crosses","authors":"S. Bögelein, D. M. Hurtado, J. Kjaer, Grashorn, J. Bennewitz, W. Bessei","doi":"10.1399/EPS.2014.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1399/EPS.2014.50","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of observations that flocks of chickens with high incidence of feather pecking and feather damages show a high fear level, it is generally assumed that feather pecking and fear are positively correlated. This hypothesis was tested in two experiments using adult laying hens of lines selected for high (HFP) and low feather pecking behaviour (LFP) and their reciprocal crosses. A total of 60 adult birds, 30 HFP and 30 LFP, of the selection lines were used in part one of the experiment. The birds were first observed for the number of bouts of severe feather pecks delivered (FPD) and received (FPR) when kept in groups of equal numbers of both lines. Thereafter all birds were subjected to several fear tests: Tonic immobility test (TI), open- field test (OF), emerge box test (ET) and pencil test. In part two of the experiment a total of 967 birds of the F2- crosses of both lines were used. All birds were tested using the same fear tests as above at 7 days and 40 weeks of age. FPD and FPR were observed in adults only. The whole population was split for FPD in HFP and LFP using the threshold of ≥ 2 (HFP) and < 2 (LFP). HFP and LFP of the selection lines and the F2- crosses clearly differed in FPD. LFP of the selection lines received more feather pecks than HFP. There was no significant difference for FPR in HFP and LFP in the F2- crosses. In contrast to our expectation HFP from the selection lines showed a significant shorter duration of TI, shorter latency to move and to vocalize in the OF and a shorter latency to leave the emerge box, indicating lower fear. Similar results were found in the HFP and LFP of the F2- crosses for the duration of TI and latency of head appearance in the ET. Latency of the first step and to vocalize in the OF, however showed the opposite tendency. Line by age interactions appeared for the number of inductions in the TI and the latency of head emerge in the ET. There were no differences between HFP and LFP in the pencil test in both experiments. The phenotypic correlations between FPD and FPR with all fear criteria were low and not significant in both experiments. There is obviously no consistent relationship between feather pecking and fear in this population. Depending on type of fear test and age the HFP may show higher, lower or no difference in fear. Genotypes by age interactions further contribute to the variability of the results. The low phenotypic correlations among the criteria confirm this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78621664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat on health, nutrient digestibility and semen quality of adult cockerels","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahem, S. Kersten, C. Ehling, H. Valenta, U. Taylor, U. Baulain, G. Breves, A. Beineke, K. Hermeyer, S. Dänicke","doi":"10.1399/EPS.2014.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1399/EPS.2014.47","url":null,"abstract":"A ten-month-feeding trial was conducted with twenty four adult cockerels of a commercial strain “New Hampshire hybrids” to evaluate the effect of feeding of wheat, mainly contaminated with the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol, on cockerel’s health, nutrient digestibility, semen quality and DON metabolism. Birds were individually weighed and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (control, 4.7 mg DON/kg and 11 mg DON/kg). \u0000 \u0000Feed intake and cockerels’ body weight were not affected by the dietary treatment, nor were the relative organ weights affected. On the other hand, breast muscle relative weight was increased in the cockerels fed DON contaminated diets, while the relative weight of ileum and caecum were significantly decreased at the same time. \u0000 \u0000The content of urea was significantly increased in plasma of cockerels fed the highest DON concentrations, while the triglyceride concentration was significantly lower in plasma of cockerels fed 4.7 mg/kg DON. Haematological and other clinical-chemical parameters remained unaffected. Moreover, crude fat utilization was progressively increased as the concentrations of DON in the diet increased. Utilizations of organic matter, carbohydrates and nitrogen balance were not affected by the dietary treatment. Furthermore, the long term feeding of cockerels with DON contaminated wheat had no negative impact on semen parameters. \u0000 \u0000Taken together, it might be concluded that cockerels are quite resistant to the effects of DON regarding reproductive traits, nutrient digestibility and feed intake. The dose-dependent alterations in the relative weights of breast muscle and digestive organs require further consideration.","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90291421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic efficiency of small group housing and aviaries for laying hens in Germany","authors":"P. Thobe, G. Haxsen","doi":"10.1399/eps.2014.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2014.27","url":null,"abstract":"After the ban on cages for laying hens, questions regarding the economic efficiency of keeping laying hens in welfare-friendly alternatives have been raised. Limited information is available on the small group system, which is new and still under debate in Germany. Therefore an analysis is necessary to evaluate costs, returns and their determinants in small group systems compared with aviaries for laying hens. The calculation of costs and returns is based on a concept proposed by the German Agricultural Society. The empirical basis is a survey of 64 flocks in northern, central and southern Germany presented by a convenient sample. In both systems the production costs per egg decrease from 13 cents to 6 cents with increasing flock size due to improved performance (laying performance, mortality rate). In small group systems the decline of the returns per egg with increasing flock size is less pronounced than the drop of the costs, so the margin of returns and costs increases. It becomes obvious that farms with larger flocks have economic advantages over farms with small flocks. In contrast to small group systems, the margin of costs and returns in aviaries declines with increasing flock size. This implies that an increase of size has more positive impacts on farms with small group systems than on farms with aviary systems. The results reflect that a good technical equipment (e.g. for climate and feeding control) and the careful observation of the animals with a “trained eye“ play an important role for the welfare of laying hens and a successful egg production.","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74089619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of increasing concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) in diet on health and performance of laying hens of different genetic background","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahem, S. Kersten, G. Breves, A. Beineke, K. Hermeyer, S. Dänicke","doi":"10.1399/EPS.2013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1399/EPS.2013.4","url":null,"abstract":"A 12-laying months experiment with laying hens of two different genetic backgrounds was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding of DON contaminated wheat on performance, egg components and health of the hens and the effect of the breed of the laying hens on the sensitivity towards DON. A total of 216, 23 weeks old laying hens (108 Lohmann Brown, LB, and Lohmann Selected Leghorn, LSL, respectively) were assigned to the feeding trial with increasing concentrations of DON (0, 3.4, 9.9 mg/kg) resulting in 6 experimental groups of 36 hens each. All birds were caged individually and had free access to feed and water. Eggs were collected three times during the experience for the evaluation of egg quality. At the end of the experiment 20 laying hens per group were slaughtered. Blood was collected for haematology. Liver, spleen, heart, breast muscle, glandular stomach and gizzard were dissected, emptied (glandular stomach and gizzard), and weighed. Tissues for histological examination were collected directly after slaughtering. Significant adverse effect of DON was noticed on the laying intensity, body weight and weight gain of the laying hens; laying intensity was significantly decreased due to the presence of DON in the diet in the second laying period while laying intensity of the LSL hens was significantly higher than the LB hens. Moreover, a decrease in life body weight and lower weight gain ratio was detected in the LB hens fed 9.9 mg/kg DON, while the LSL hens were not significantly affected by the dietary treatment. The relative weight of breast muscle of the LB hens fed 9.9 mg/kg DON was significantly lower than that of other LB groups, while the relative weight of liver was significantly higher. on the other hand, breast muscle and liver relative weights of the LSL hens were not significantly affected by the dietary treatment. Haematocrit and concentrations of white blood cells were not significantly affected by the dietary treatment while significant breed differences were observed. Moreover, DON contaminated wheat resulted in reduction in the eggshell proportion of the eggs of the LB hens fed 9.9 mg DON/kg diet at the 40 th and 60 th week of life while LSL eggs were not significantly affected. Overall, it can be concluded that the performance and health of the laying hens was adversely affected by the presence of DON in hen’s diet at the highest level (9.9 mg/kg) but to a different extent and depending on the breed of the laying hens.","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85476876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of production systems on foot pad dermatitis (FPD) levels among slow-, medium- and fast-growing broilers","authors":"Musa Sarıca, Umut Sami Yamak, Mehmet Akif Boz","doi":"10.1399/eps.2014.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2014.52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of protein source on the development of footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens reared on different flooring types","authors":"Ö. Cengız, J.B. Hess, S.F. Bilgili","doi":"10.1016/s0003-9098(25)01525-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9098(25)01525-5","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine the influence of protein source and flooring type on footpad dermatitis (FPD) incidence and severity in broiler chickens. A total of 750 one-day-old female chicks were reared to 49 d of age in a 2x3 factorial design consisting of 2 protein sources (all vegetable and vegetable plus animal-mixed) and 3 flooring types (pine shavings bedding, raised coated wire floor, or solid wood flooring with no litter). Chicks were randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 5 replicate pens of 25 birds per pen. A four-stage feeding program, consisting of a starter, grower, finisher and withdrawal feeds, was used. Feed and water were provided ad libitum and lighting was continuous throughout the study. In addition to live performance, feet were scored on all birds at 21, 35, and 49 d of age, and the severity of FPD lesions was recorded. Mixed protein source diet increased BW (677 vs. 641 g) and improved FCR (1.31 vs. 1.36) significantly (P &lt; 0.001) as compared to all vegetable protein source at 21 d of age. Feed conversion ratio of birds reared on solid wood floor was also improved significantly (P &lt; 0.01) at 21 d of age. However, these effects on performance were not seen among the treatments at the end of the study (P &gt; 0.05). Footpad lesions were significantly affected by both protein source and flooring type. As expected, the incidence (at 21, 35 and 49 d of age) and severity (at 35 and 49 d of age) of FPD was highest (P &lt; 0.001) in birds reared on wood flooring. Moreover, the incidence on 35 d (35 vs. 15%; P &lt; 0.01) and 49 d (55 vs. 26%; P &lt; 0.05), as well as severity on 49 d (23 vs. 7%, P &lt; 0.001) were highest on treatments receiving all vegetable protein sources. These results indicate that flooring type has a direct influence on the development of FPD in broiler chickens. Similarly, nutritional factors also play significant role in the etiology of FPD. Einfluss der Futterproteinquelle auf die Entwicklung von Fußballenveränderungen bei auf verschiedenen Bodensystemen gehaltenen Broilern Das Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung des Einflusses der Futterproteinquelle und des Bodentyps auf die Häufigkeit und Schwere von Fußballenveränderungen (Footpad Dermatitis, FPD). Insgesamt 750 weibliche Eintagsküken wurden in einem 2x3-faktoriellen Versuchsansatz bis zum Lebensalter von 49 Tagen aufgezogen: Proteinquelle (rein pflanzlich; Mischung pflanzlich mit tierisch), Bodentyp (Kiefernholzspäne; erhöhtes, ummanteltes Drahtgitter; Holzboden ohne Einstreu). Die Küken wurden zufällig in Gruppen von 25 Tieren auf die 6 Behandlungen, die jeweils fünfmal wiederholt wurden, verteilt. Ein vierstufiges Fütterungsprogramm mit Starter, Grower, Finisher und Absetzfutter kam zum Einsatz. Futter und Wasser wurden ad libitum angeboten, die Beleuchtung war konstant. Die Mastleistung wurde über die Versuchsdauer erfasst. Am 21., 35. und 49. Lebenstag wurden die Füße der Tiere im Hinblick auf Fußballenveränderungen bewertet. Die Futterration mit","PeriodicalId":8106,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde","volume":"77 3","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147890260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}