Arab Journal for Plant Protection最新文献

{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum and F. flocciferum Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat","authors":"L. Zidan, D. Jawdat, W. Naffaa","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.175181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.175181","url":null,"abstract":"Zidan, L., D. Jawdat and W. Naffaa. 2022. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum and F. flocciferum Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 175-181. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.175181 Fusarium is one of the most important genera of fungi, causing plant, animal, and human diseases and produces mycotoxins. A total of 105 isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered from crowns and roots of wheat plants, showing typical symptoms, collected from four Syrian provinces during 2017-2018. In previous studies, seventeen Fusarium species associated with crown and root rot (FCR) on wheat were identified in Syria. However, the identity of some isolates has not been resolved. The current study was carried out to identify and characterize through morphological approaches and sequencing a partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene in three Fusarium species F. chlamydosporum Wollenweber & Reinking, F. brachygibbosum Padwick and F. flocciferum Corda associated with FCR, isolated and identified for the first time in Syria. The present study will provide detailed cultural and morphological characteristics of the three species, scarcely described in literature. Keywords: First record, morphological descriptions, TEF1-α gene, Syria.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91359312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey for Legume and Cereal Viruses in Libya","authors":"Hatem Abukraa, S. Kumari, Fawzi Bshia","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.222230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.222230","url":null,"abstract":"Abukraa, H., S.G. Kumari and F. Bshia. 2022. Survey for Legume and Cereal Viruses in Libya. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 222-230. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.222230 A field survey was conducted during March and April 2010, to identify viral diseases affecting cereal and legume crops in different regions of Libya. A total of 3706 barley and wheat samples were collected randomly in addition to 187 symptomatic samples from 22 barley and 20 wheat fields. Moreover, 34 symptomatic legume samples were collected from two faba bean fields and one field each of of lentil, chickpea, Vicia sativa, Vicia ervillia and Vicia narbonesis. All samples were tested at ICARDA Virology Laboratory by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) using specific antibodies. Results of random cereal samples showed that Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDVPAV) was more common (12.6%) in wheat and barley samples, followed by Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) (1.1%). In symptomatic samples, BYDV-PAV was also the most common (45 out of 187 samples tested were infected: 45/187), followed by WDV (23/187), Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) (40/187) and Maize streak virus (MSV) (7/187). In legume fields, Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) 13 out of 34 samples tested were infected (13/34) was the most common, followed by Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) (12/34), Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV) (5/34) and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (4/34). Serological results were confirmed by amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. This is the first report of WDV, MSV and BYSMV on cereal crops, and BLRV, BWYV, SbDV and CpCSV on legume crops in Libya. Keywords: Libya, Cereals, Legumes, Viruses, TBIA, PCR","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87537627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically Modified Crops, Production, Detection Methods and its Biosafety Implications: A Scientific Review","authors":"Nabila M. Ali Basha, Ahmad M. Abdul kader","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.260279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.260279","url":null,"abstract":"Ali Basha, N.M. and A.M. Abdul Kader. 2022. Genetically Modified Crops, Production, Detection Methods and its Biosafety Implications: A Scientific Review. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 260-279. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.260279 Ensuring food security and nutrition is critical for all countries in order to overcome the problems of hunger and malnutrition, taking into consideration the various current challenges of high population rate, social and political turmoil, and degradation of natural resources, forced migration and human disease pandemics. Agricultural biotechnology contributes in enhancing agricultural productivity, food security, and livelihoods. 25 years passed since the world introduced and embraced biotech crops in 1996. Such improved genetically modified (GM) crop varieties have many useful traits such as insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to improved nutrion value, and by adopting stringent science- scrutiny and safety measures. In this context, the Biosafety Cartagena Protocol was approved to ensure the safe handling, transfer and use of living organisms that have been modified using modern biotechnology. Socioeconomic and environmental benefits have been documented by credible and independent agencies around the world. Therefore, products derived from agricultural biotechnology, especially those used to manage agricultural pests, have become one of the world fastest growing agricultural trade commodities, providing food, feed, clothing, and eco-friendly biofuels. Not to mention the development of the genome editing technology using CRISPR/Cas9, which is another step closer to developing and cultivating new varieties of agricultural crops through the use of accurate, efficient and affordable techniques for genome editing. On the other hand, researchers have developed rapid and standardized methods for the detection of genetically modified plants and seeds to facilitate testing and monitoring genetic modification taking place at the global level in order to comply with the biosafety regulations and laws. Keywords: Biosafety, biosafety clearing-house (BCH), Cartagena protocol on biosafety, genetic engineering, genetically modified crops, GMCs, GMOs","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82846686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868","authors":"Noor A.Sh. Al-Naymi, Hanan A.S. Al-Naymi, M. Nashaat","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.188192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.188192","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Naymi, N.A.Sh., H.A.S. AL-Nuaimi and M.R. Nashaat. 2022. Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.188192 This study illustrates the acute toxic effect of ash released from Durah power plant (DPP) on the biology of the phytoplankton species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. The results showed that the median lethal concentration for killing 50% of the Alga population (LC50) was 0.15 and 0.13 ppt (parts per thousand) for 24 and 48 hours exposure to crude ash concentrations, respectively. In contrast, no LC50 value was recorded for 72 and 96 hrs after exposure. The reduction in the optical density absorption value and the growth rate recorded was 0.083±0.121 cells for the highest ash concentration used, compared with 0.594±0.099 cells recorded for the control group. On the other hand, the doubling time for the control group was 1.16±0.652 an hour compared with 1.36±0.981 an hour recorded for 2 ppt ash exposure. The current study confirms that the crude ash concentrations tested had an adverse toxic effect on the biological parameters of the algal species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. Keywords: Algae, fly ash, pollutants, power plant, C. humicola","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78660708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of the Two Insects Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua that Attack Some Edible Mushrooms in Iraq and Assessing the Damage Caused by them","authors":"Abdallah Hassan, Abeer AlQaissi","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.209214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.209214","url":null,"abstract":"Hassan, A.A. and A.R.M. Al-Qaissi. 2022. First Record of the Two Insects Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua that Attack Some Edible Mushrooms in Iraq and Assessing the Damage Caused by them. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 209-214. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.209214 Invading insects were found in the fruiting bodies of the edible mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp. at the mushroom farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, through the presence of holes, necrosis and tunnels in the mushroom fruits. Infested fruiting bodies containing larvae were collected and insects were reared in the laboratory for the purpose of diagnosis. The phenotypic diagnosis was confirmed by molecular diagnosis based on the nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase C subunit 1 gene (in mitochondria). The two insects were identified as Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua and were registered in the NCBI database under the accession numbers MZ021516.1 and MZ021517.1, respectively. This is the first record of these two species in Iraq. The study also included a description of the damage caused by these two insects on the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms A. bisporus and Pleurotus spp. Keywords: Molecular identification, mushroom fly, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus spp","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78442284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection and Egg Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Oleander Nerium oleander","authors":"Rahma Mukhlis Adel, Firas Kadhim Al-Juboori","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.293298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.293298","url":null,"abstract":"Adel, R.M. and F.K. Aljuboori. 2022. Infection and Egg Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Oleander Nerium oleander. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 293-298. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP40.4.293298 The identification and first record of Nerium oleander infection with root-knot nematode M. javanica was confirmed by the PCR test using the pair of species-specific primers (Fjav and Rjav). Symptoms of the Oleander root-knot disease are similar to those caused by these nematodes on other flowering plants. The results of the study described the stages of embryo development inside the egg and until hatching under laboratory conditions. The difference in egg shape index ranged from 35.8 to 87.9, whereas the dominant egg shape index was between 44.5 and 48.8. Keywords: Nerium oleander, eggs, embryo development, root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78331356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey and Identification of Some Eulophid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Along the Syrian Coast","authors":"Nabil abo Kaf, R. Youssef, Rafeek Abboud","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.2.127139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.2.127139","url":null,"abstract":"Abo Kaf, N., R. Youssef and R. Aboud. 2022. Survey and Identification of Some Eulophid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 127-139. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.127139 The Eulophid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) were collected from tomato fields in Latakia and Tartus provinces of Syria during the period 2019-2020. The collected parasitoids were identified to subfamilies, genera and species, and found to belong to three subfamilies: Tetrastichinae, Entedoninae, Eulophinae, and 5 Genera and 14 species: Stenomesius japonicas, 3 species from the genus Stenomesius, Hemiptarsenus unguicellus, Pnigalio agraules, and 6 species from the genus Pnigalio, Neochrysocharis formosa and one species from the genus Elasmus. The species Stenomesius japonicas and three species of genus Stenomesius, Hemiptarsenus unguicellus, Pnigalio agraules and Neochrysocharis formosa were recorded for the first time in Syria on tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) on tomato plants. The most widely spread of these species was N. formosa (46.9%) and S. japonicus and 3 species from genus Stenomesius (45.7%), followed by 6 species from genus Pnigalio (4.35%), Elasmus sp. (1.37%), P. agraules (0.69%), and H. unguicellus (0.46%). Keywords: Tuta absoluta, Parasitoids, Eulophidae, Syria.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76448389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECOLOGY Susceptibility of Apple Varieties to Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi Koch and its Relation to the Nutrient Contents and Spider Mite Predators in Apple Trees","authors":"Jihan Abdallah, Mageda Mofleh, L. Aslan","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.2.119126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.2.119126","url":null,"abstract":"El-Abdallah, J., M. Muflih and L.H. Aslan. 2022. Susceptibility of Apple Varieties to Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi Koch and its Relation to the Nutrient Contents and Spider Mite Predators in Apple Trees. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 119-126. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.119126 The susceptibility to T. urticae and P. ulmi of eight apple varaietis were studied in southern Syria (Sweida) from 2018 to 2020. Significant differences of susceptibility to the two species between apple varieties, in addition to significant differences of apple-leaf nutrients content (NPK) were found. Results obtained showed that apple-leaf nutrients content affect the susceptibility to the two spider mite species differently. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed positive correlation to P. ulmi with apple-leaf contents of potassium and negative correlation with apple-leaf contents of nitrogen and showed positive correlation between T. urticae numbers and nitrogen and phosphorous content. T. urticae had a weak correlation with potassium apple-leaf content in 2019. Cluster analysis showed that apple varieties were distributed in three clusters based on the studied factors in 2020. The first cluster included the varieties Top Red, Starking Delicious and Starking Red Delicious which were the most sensitive to P. ulmi. The second cluster included Golden Delicious, Golden 972 and Granny Smith, and those were less sensitive to P. ulmi and the third cluster included Ozark Gold and Royal Red and these varieties were moderately sensitive to P. ulmi. The effects of studied factors were clearer on P. ulmi than on T. urticae. Keywords: Apple, T. urticae, P. ulmi, Phytoseiidae, Principal component analysis, PCA.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72831011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber Using Rhizospheric Antagonistic Fungi","authors":"Abdulnabi A. Matrood, A Rhouma, T. F. Mohammed","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.1.062069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.1.062069","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum is a severe disease of cucumbers causing yield losses worldwide. Various experiments were conducted to assess the antifungal potential of fungal bio-agents isolated from soil and cucumber seed (bio-priming). Trichoderma koningii seemed to be the most effective bio-agent against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum with mycelial inhibition rate above 90%, followed by Aspergillus niger (87.70%) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that T. koningii was found effective to enhance the germination rate (95.07%). In greenhouse experiments, T. koningii applied preventively on cucumber inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum generated the lowest disease severity index (0.42), mortality (13.33%) and wilting rate (23.33%) and the highest fresh (0.857 g) and dry (0.180 g) weight of root, and root volume (2.04 cm3 ). Based on these results, T. koningii applied preventively against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber plants could be recommended as a biocontrol agent. However, although A. niger was effective against the tested phytopathogen, it is not recommended for biological control due to its carcinogenic properties. Keywords: Biological control, Cucumis sativus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, antifungal potential.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87382474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on Growth of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Eastern Morocco","authors":"M. Rimani, Ibtissam Mzbari, K. Charif, Zoheir Chafik, E. Kharmach","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.182187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.182187","url":null,"abstract":"Rimani, M., I. Mzabri, K. Charif, Z. Chafik and E. Kharmach. 2022. Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on Growth of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Eastern Morocco. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 182-187. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.182187 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic relationships with plant roots and can act as bio-fertilizers. In the same perspective, a study was conducted to investigate the possibility of a possible constitutive association of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis L. (previously named Glomus intraradices) with saffron. The trial was conducted in the field at the experimental station of the Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (Morocco) by applying 3 doses of R. irregularis inoculum: 2, 4 and 6 ml per corm (T1, T2 and T3 treatments). Six months after planting, morphological, biochemical and mycorrhization parameters were measured. The results showed that the inoculation of saffron roots by R. irregularis was successful, which induced a significant increase in the number of leaves, the weight of stigmas and the percentage of daughter corms with large diameter. Similarly, the total chlorophyll content was increased, the highest value was recorded for the T3 treatment in April (0.04 mg/g MF), with an increase of 25% compared to the control. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), inoculum, root colonization, total chlorophyll content, Rhizophagus irregularis, saffron.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85934330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}