Arab Journal for Plant Protection最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Generations Using Cumulative Degree-Days Model","authors":"S. Faskha, Rabih Darwish, A. Dayoub","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.299306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.299306","url":null,"abstract":"Faskha, S.M., R. Darwish and A. Dayoub. 2022. Prediction of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Generations Using Cumulative Degree-Days Model. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 299-306. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.299306 The seasonal changes in the population density of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, and its relationship to cumulative degree-days was studied using a sex pheromone trap in a plastic house located in Tartous Governorate, Syria during the spring season of two successive years 2020 and 2021. The results obtained showed that the male T. absoluta activity extended from late February to the end of the season in July. The highest density for males recorded in May was 207 and 213 males/trap in both seasons, respectively. The calculation of the cumulative degree-days showed that the insect has five generations with a thermal constant that reached in the first season: 516.95, 510.24, 512.2, 563.44, 565.94 DD for each generation, respectively, and in the second season 554.52, 533.06, 557.21, 502.55, 508.22 DD for each generation, respectively, without significant differences between the two seasons (x² = 6.02, p = 0.2 and x² = 4.94, p = 0.29). However, according to the model followed, a simplified table was proposed to calculate the cumulative degree-day instead of using mathematical models, based only on the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Keywords: Tuta absoluta, degree-days, generations, Tartous, Syria","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89490281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Resistance to Okra yellow vein mosaic virus Using Three Biological Agents on Three Okra Cultivars","authors":"Jinan Abdulhadi Jadoua, Maadh Abdulwahab Al-Fahd","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.2.148157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.2.148157","url":null,"abstract":"Jadoua, J.A. and M.A.W. Al-Fahd. 2022. Biological Resistance to Okra yellow vein mosaic virus Using Three Biological Agents on Three Okra Cultivars. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 148-157. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.148157 A study was conducted in Al-Alam District, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq, during the fall season 2019-2020, with the goal of diagnosing the local isolate of Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) from infected plants using polymerase chain reaction. A genomic segment of OYVMV with a size of 750 was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a set of specific primers. By amplifying a 750 bp band on agarose gel, the field isolate tested was identified as a member of the genus Begomovirus, which was related to an Indian isolate of the same virus. The study included determining the efficacy of three biological factors: (A) a medicinal plant preparation from A. Paniculara, (H) a preparation from Lion's mushroom (H. erinaceus and (P) a preparation from P. florescence bacteria which has impact on virus infection, as well as determining the response of three okra varieties to virus infection. The use of the three combined factors (A+H+P) outperformed other treatments reducing virus infection rate of the Petra okra variety to 26.67 % and severity to 10.66 % as compared to 100% for the control. The findings showed that there were substantial variation in the peroxidase enzyme activity and chlorophyll content, with the A+H+P treatment producing 59.14 units/mg protein for the Petra variety and 40.81 Spad for the Hasnawi variety. The results also showed that there were extremely significant differences in yield, with the triple treatment (A+H+P) yielding 833.96 gm/plant for the Star variety compared to 537.44 gm/plant for the infected control that was not treated. Keywords: Biological control, viruses, okra","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84263075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Coexistence of Bacterial and Fungal Isolates with Cotton’s “Aleppo 118” Variety in Improving Cotton Growth and Enhancing Cotton’s Resistance to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) by Using Different Inoculation Methods","authors":"Ziad Aleisa, Mohamad Nayef El - Salti, Mounir El- Nabhan, Ahmad El-Jomaa","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.1.015024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.1.015024","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, four methods of inoculation were used to assess coexistence of microorganisms with cotton plant: seeds coating (chemical shaved / unshaved), aerial spraying, irrigation and their effects on germination, endophytic symbiosis, growth parameters, density of whitefly’s population density. For this purpose a number of bacterial and fungal isolates were tested (3 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (Twood, T.L.C, T950), 2 isolates of Beauveria bassiana (GHA, K), 2 isolates of Bacillus subtilis (B.s, B.bacteria), one isolate of Lecanicillium lecanii (B), and one isolate of Aspergillus sp. (Asp)). Propagation of these isolates were conducted. Fungal isolates were propagated on burgol (cracked wheat), whereas bacterial isolates were propagated in Petri dishes contained NA medium, then suspension concentration was adjusted to 1x108 cell/ml for bacterial isolates and 1x106 conidia/ml for fungal isolates. Seeds of each treatment were planted in pots with 3 replicates per treatment, in addition to a control treatment. The results obtained showed that there was no significant difference between control and each of other treatments in germination rate, whereas highest coexistent rates were recorded for GHA, K, B, Asp isolates in all plant parts. Also, there were significant differences in roots length, foliage height, dry and fresh weight between Twood, B.bacteria, GHA, T950,Asp, B.S. treatments and control treatment. Inoculation with the isolates T.L.C, K, GHA, T950, Asp, B.bacteria produced low densities of whitefly’s nymphs per leaf. Finally, shaved and unshaved seeds coating and soil irrigation methods produced low densities of whitefly’s nymphs compared with the spraying treatment and all inoculation methods used had significant differences with control treatment. Microorganisms used improved cotton growth and decreased whitefly population density. This approach can be used as a component in integrated pest management programs for cotton. Keywords: Beneficial microorganisms, growth parameters, resistance, cotton, whitefly","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79385335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Factors Affecting Infestation Rate with Olive Moth Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) in Three Olive Growing Locations Along the Syrian Coast","authors":"Yara Wassouf, A. Basheer, G. Ibrahim","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.193200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.193200","url":null,"abstract":"Wassouf, Y., A.N. Bashir and Gh. Ibrahim. 2022. Study of the Factors Affecting Infestation Rate with Olive Moth Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) in Three Olive Growing Locations Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.193200 This study aimed to investigate the effect of the most important factors affecting the infestation rate with the olive moth, Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in three olive growing locations in Lattakia and Tartus Governorates (Al-Sawda, Ain Shiqaq and AlBarqiah). The study was carried out during the period 2019-2020. Results obtained showed that the location had an effect on the infestation rate, and the highest average infestation rate was 33.53% in Al-Barqiah location, followed by 20.86% in Ain Shkak, and the lowest was 16.65% in Al-Sawda location. Results obtained also showed that the insect generation had an effect on the olive moth infestation rate; infestation of the phyllophagous generation was the highest, followed by the antophagous generation and the carpophagous generation in the three locations. The x2 (Chi-square) test showed that there were significant differences between the infestation rate and the total number of biological enemies, the number of predators and the parasitism rate in the three locations. Keywords: Biological factors, olive moth, predators, parasitoids, Ain Shkak, A-Sawda, Al-Barqieh, Syria","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90915512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficiency of Aloe vera Gel Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Aspergillus flavus Fungus Associated with Imported and Domestic Rice Grains in Iraq and its Ability to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Production","authors":"Kamal Abdulkarim Abbass AlHamiri, H. Z. Hussein","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.164168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.164168","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Hamiri, K.A.A. and H.Z. Hussein. 2022. The Efficiency of Aloe vera Gel Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Aspergillus flavus Fungus Associated with Imported and Domestic Rice Grains in Iraq and its Ability to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Production. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 164-168. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.164168 The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of Aloe vera gel extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium, as well as evaluating the efficiency of the extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and reducing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production in rice grains. The results obtained showed that the concentrations 1, 2, 3, and 4% of Aloe vera gel extract caused variable inhibition rates of A. flavus growth on PDA culture medium; of 97, 100, 5.88 and 17.64%, respectively. The best concentration from the laboratory experiment, (2%) was used, to evaluate its efficiency in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on rice grains during storage and reduced AFB1 production by 86.5%, from 21.2 ppb in the control to 2.86 ppb in the treatment using HPLC high- performance liquid chromatography. The same treatment reduced AFB1 concentration in rice grains contaminated with AFB1 by 74.7%, from 22.88 ppb in control to 5.78 ppb in the extract treatment. Keywords: A. flavus, mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1, Aloe vera, food, feed, toxicity","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72625338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cultural Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. tuberosi in Some Growth Parameters of Ten Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum) In vitro","authors":"Imad ElTinawi, F. Albiski, Jawdat Faddoul","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.247259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.247259","url":null,"abstract":"Eltinawi, E.A., F. Albiski and J. Faddoul. 2022. Effect of Cultural Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. tuberosi in Some Growth Parameters of Ten Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum) In vitro. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 247- 259. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.247259 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biological stress on some morphological growth parameters of ten potato varieties grown in vitro. Biological stress was applied by adding different concentrations of cultural filtrate (CF) of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. Tuberosum (0, 5 , 10, 15, 25, 30, 40%) to the MS (Murashigi-Skoog) growth medium. The growth parameters measured were: plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, leaf area (mm²), number of roots/plant, root length (cm), and plant fresh and dry weight (g). The results showed that the potato varieties investigated differed in their response to the biological stress applied. The cluster analysis based on the sum of the relative values of the studied growth parameters, the potato varieties can be clustered in three different groups: The first group included three tolerant varieties to biological stress, Toronto, Barcelona and Suria; the second group included four moderately sensitive varieties to bio-stress, Fabulla, Nectare, Spunta and Ardappel; the third group included three sensitive varieties, 7-Four-7, Farida and Joly. The results obtained indicated that the in vitro screening technology could be used as a fast and efficient way to evaluate genetic variation of tolerance to biological stress in potatoes. Keywords: Biological stress, cultural filtrate (CF), cluster analysis, mycotoxin, potatoes","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86111839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv.","authors":"Shaimaa Hameed Kamel, Rahdi Fadel Al-Jassani, Hazem Idan Al-Shammari","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.315324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.315324","url":null,"abstract":"Kamel, S.H., R.F. Al-Jassani and H.A. Al-Shammari. 2022. Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 315-324. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.315324 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different bacterial isolates of P. fluorescens and B. t. tenebrionis and silver nanoparticles on the activity of the cellulase enzyme in termites' middle digestive system and its role in glucose release by treating cellulose media with bacterial strains and nanoparticles. Ultraviolet spectroscopy results revealed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by P. fluorescens isolated from termites, commercial P. fluorescens, and local B.t. tenrbrionis had the highest absorption at 385, 324, and 324 nm wave length, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that ketons, amines, alkanes, and alcohols were among the groups that contributed to silver ions reduction, capping and stabilizing nanoparticles. The particle diameters were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found to be on average 32.43, 63.19, and 57.62 nm. The highest concentration of liberated glucose was recorded after 24 hours, which ranged between 0.453 and 1.285 mg/ml when treated with silver nanoparticles prepared from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens bacteria and when treated with a bacterial isolate P. fluorescens, respectively. Only when treated with synthesized silver nanoparticles and when treated with commercial P. fluorescens isolates did the lowest concentrations of liberated sugar reached between 0.037 and 0.730 mg/ml after 72 hours, respectively. The high quantity of liberated sugar in the control treatment was constant, reaching 1.70 and 2.33 mg/ml after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. In addition to the variation in cellulase enzyme inhibition rates in termite digestive systems due to the effect of different treatments, it was discovered that the local isolate of B. t. tenrbrionis was better than the rest of the isolates in affecting the enzyme, causing inhibition rates of 71.42%. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles synthesized from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens outperformed other treatments in inhibiting enzyme activity, with an inhibition rate of 78.57% . Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis, silver nanoparticles, Microcerotermes diversus","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83846497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Some Species of the Genus Gymnosporangium and its Host Plant Families in Al-Kadmous Region, Syria","authors":"I. Ghazal, Awes Shaheen","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.286292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.286292","url":null,"abstract":"Ghazal, I. and A. Shaheen. 2022. Study of Some Species of the Genus Gymnosporangium and its Host Plant Families in Al-Kadmous Region, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 286-292. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.286292 This study was carried out to identify some rust fungi species of the genus Gymnosporangium and to determine their hosts in the Mediterranean mountain region of Al-Kadmous, Tartous Governorate, Syria, during the period 2017-2020. The identified species were described morphologically, and stages of their lifecycle was detected on each host plant and their occurrence (%) on mutual hosts was assessed. The monitoring of various tree species, which belong to the family Rosaceae (subfamily: Pomoideae) in addition to all species of cypress (Cupressaceae), has shown mainly the existence of four species belonging to Gymnosporangium: G. sabinae (Dicks.) Winter, G. gracile Pat., G. confusum Plowr. and G. clavariiforme (Wulfen) DC. The pycnia and the aecia stages were recorded on all cultivated pear trees (Pyrus sp.), and the wild pear or Syrian pear (Pyrus syriaca). The second species was found on the wild hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus and Crataegus monogyna) and quince (Cydonia sp.). As for the rest of the species, they were found only on wild hawthorn. In addition, the telial stage (Telia) of the four species was found on the primary or winter host juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus). Finally, it was noticed that the distribution of this genus depended entirely on the existence of the Juniper shrubs nearby the Pomoideae species. Keywords: Rust fungi, Gymnosporangium, Host Plant, Pomoideae, Juniper, Al- Kadmous Region, Syria.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74483874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the Spread of the Spanish Strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus TYLCSV-ES in Greenhouses Along the Syrian Coast","authors":"Awas Ali Hasan, A. Mouhanna","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.1.007014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.1.007014","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most destructive plant viruses which infect a large number of vegetable crops in greenhouses causing significant economic losses. A survey was conducted to identify TYLCV strains which infect tomato plants (Solanum lycopesicum L.) in greenhouses along the Syrian coast. PCR results using specific primer pair TYAlmv2516/TYAlmc115 confirmed the presence of Spanish strain (TYLCSV-ES)́ iń 6́ out́ of́ thé 19́ tested́ samples,́ whereaś otheŕ sampleś didn’t́ react́ with́ this primer pair. Phylogenetic tree showed that the isolates To11 and To18 collected from Tartous province clustered in the same subgroup with 99.1% nucleotide identity, and this subgroup clustered in one group with TYLCSV-ES 5a [LN846598] from Morocco with 97% and 97.4% nucleotide identities, respectively. Local isolate To6 collected from Lattakia province clustered in the same subgroup with TYLCSV-ES [L27708] from Almeria (Spain) with 99.5% nucleotides identity. Keywords: Spanish strain, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato, greenhouses, Syrian coast","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75823309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Conditions for the Production of Mother Culture for Cultivated Iraqi Edible Mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR strain (Shiitake Mushroom)","authors":"Rasha Salam Sahib, S. A. Shafiq, R. A. Chechan","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.356361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.356361","url":null,"abstract":"Sahib, R.S., S.A. Shafiq and R.A. Chechan. 2022. Optimal Conditions for the Production of Mother Culture for Cultivated Iraqi Edible Mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR strain (Shiitake Mushroom). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 356-361. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.356361 This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions of using different agro-natural wastes to develop a local culture media suitable for producing mother cultures of the wild Shiitake Iraqi strain mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR, by using different natural media composed of wheat, oats, barley, corn cobs, green peas, chickpeas, wheat bran, rice bran, barley bran, bumper leaves, moringa leaves, sawdust and whey cheese. In addition to potato dextrose agar (PDA) used for comparison at 10 to 40 g/L concentration. The optimal concentration of the medium produced was 20 g/L, and the best pH for mycelium development of this strain was 6.5 at 23oC under dark conditions. The best mycelial growth and density obtained was on wheat flour agar media. Keywords: Agro-wastes, shitake cultivation, mushroom, environmental factors","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77843070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}