Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80069-9
Achim Müller *, Thomas Weber
{"title":"In situ raman investigation of hydrodesulphurization catalysts","authors":"Achim Müller *, Thomas Weber","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80069-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80069-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Raman spectra of a commercial Co-Mo/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hydrodesulphurization catalyst were recorded in an H<sub>2</sub>S/H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere at 400°C by means of a specially designed in-situ cell. For an improvement of the signal to noise ratio the incident laser beam was scanned over the surface of the sample by reflection from a rotating octagon. The spectra proof that the so called “Co-Mo-S” crystallites are present as an MoS<sub>2</sub>-type layered material with an average particle size of each slab being larger than sometimes proposed up to now.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages 243-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80069-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87618925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80076-9
{"title":"Yield, catalysis and the meaning of life","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80076-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80076-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages N18-N19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80076-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136807801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80070-D
Vikram S. Nayak, John B. Moffat *
{"title":"Catalytic activity and product distribution in the cracking of C6-C8 alkenes on the ammonium salt of 12-tungstophosphoric acid","authors":"Vikram S. Nayak, John B. Moffat *","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80070-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80070-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cracking of C<sub>6</sub>-C<sub>8</sub> alkenes has been studied on the ammonium salt of 12-tungstophosphoric acid ( NH<sub>4</sub>PW ). The products range from C<sub>3</sub> hydrocarbons to aromatics, the latter appearing in amounts up to 30% of the products. The primary products from the alkenes provide strong evidence that condensation processes are strongly favoured on these catalysts. The cracking ability of the catalyst decreases rapidly with time on stream but attains a steady state after approximately three hours. The activity of the catalyst is shown to be dependent on the source of the ammonium ion employed in the preparation of the salt with the activity of NH<sub>4</sub>PW for hezene cracking decreasing in the order NH<sub>4</sub>Cl > NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> > (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> > (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The cracking activity of NH<sub>4</sub>PW for the C<sub>6</sub>-C<sub>8</sub> alkenes decreases in the order: octenes > heptenes > hexenes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages 251-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80070-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73539886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80068-8
Klas Engvall, Leif Holmlid *, P. Govind Menon
{"title":"Comparative loss of alkali promoter by desorption from two catalysts for the dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene to styrene","authors":"Klas Engvall, Leif Holmlid *, P. Govind Menon","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80068-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80068-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using molecular-beam and mass-spectrometric methods, the comparative desorption of potassium as K atoms and as excited-state (K<sup>2*</sup>) species was studied from two commercial iron oxide catalysts (A and B, of which the latter was known to be superior) for the styrene process. The desorption of potassium from B was only observed at temperatures considerably higher than that from A. The measured activation energy values for emission are: (a) for K atoms, 1.0 eV (96 kJ/mol) and 3.1 eV (300 kJ/mol) from A and B resp.; (b) for K<sup>2*</sup> species, 1.7 eV (160 kJ/mol) and 0.84 eV (81 kJ/mol) from A and B resp. The temperature ranges where these values are measured are (a) (A) 830-920 K, (B) 970-1090 K and (b) (A) 810-1060 K, (B) 910-1060 K. The lower emission barrier for the excited state species from B may perhaps be responsible for the better and more stable performance of this catalyst in the styrene process. The excited states observed in emission here are believed to be formed also under normal operating conditions on the catalyst surfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages 235-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80068-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85586074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80073-6
Antonio Vieira Coelho, Georges Poncelet *
{"title":"Gallium, aluminium and mixed gallium-aluminium pillared montmorillonite","authors":"Antonio Vieira Coelho, Georges Poncelet *","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80073-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80073-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pillaring of montmorillonite was achieved with partially hydrolysed solutions of gallium, gallium-aluminium and aluminium. The development of 18Åspcacings was investigated in relation with the OH/M<sup>3+</sup> molar ratio, the amount of pillaring solution and the molar composition of the mixed solutions. With respect to Al-pillared clays, Ga- and Ga-Al-pulared montmorillonites exhibit similar behaviour toward heat treatment. They also have similar specific surface areas and pore volumes. IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine show that both Bronsted and Lewis acidities are present, the former being slightly less developed in the Ga-pillared sample than in the aluminium analogue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages 303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80073-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82709275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80067-7
Wei-Jye Wang, Yu-Wen Chen *
{"title":"Influence of metal loading on the reducibility and hydrogenation activity of cobalt/alumina catalysts","authors":"Wei-Jye Wang, Yu-Wen Chen *","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80067-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80067-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of Co/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts with various metal loadings were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. The reducibility of cobalt oxide in these samples was investigated by the temperature-programmed reduction technique. The results show that for catalysts with low cobalt loadings the cobalt phase is present primarily as CoAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. For catalysts having high cobalt contents, bulk CO<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is observed. However, some cobalt oxide-cobalt aluminate interaction exists. The rate of reduction of cobalt oxide on the support depends not only on the chemical nature of the species but also on the rate of nucleation. At high cobalt loadings, due to the presence of easy-to-reduce cobalt species, the rate of reduction is enhanced. Carbon monoxide hydrogenation activity measurements indicate that the activity is likely to be associated with the presence of easy-to-reduce species. However, the effects of particle size and pore blocking cannot be ruled out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages 223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80067-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80265712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80083-9
Graham J. Hutchings
{"title":"Catalysis and materials science: ‘through the glass darkly’","authors":"Graham J. Hutchings","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80083-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80083-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages N25-N26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80083-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"108000129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied CatalysisPub Date : 1991-10-15DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80062-2
Waclaw Kolodziejski , Joa˜o Rocha, Heyong He, Jacek Klinowski *
{"title":"High resolution solid-state1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of organic template in hydrated aluminophosphate VPI-5","authors":"Waclaw Kolodziejski , Joa˜o Rocha, Heyong He, Jacek Klinowski *","doi":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80062-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-9834(91)80062-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A spin-lock pulse sequence has been used in solid-state<sup>1</sup>H NMR to suppress the dominant water signal and to observe, under magic-angle spinning, very narrow signals of di-n-propylamine template in the hydrated molecular sieve VPI-5. Results suggest that the technique can be extended to the study of other molecular sieves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8091,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis","volume":"77 2","pages":"Pages L1-L8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-9834(91)80062-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86779939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}