Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Recommendations for early referral of individuals with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica: an initiative from the international giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica study group.","authors":"Kresten Krarup Keller, Chetan B Mukhtyar, Andreas Wiggers Nielsen, Andrea Katharina Hemmig, Sarah Louise Mackie, Sebastian Eduardo Sattui, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge, Anisha Dua, Toby Helliwell, Lorna Neill, Daniel Blockmans, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec, Eric Hayes, Annett Jansen Venneboer, Sara Monti, Cristina Ponte, Eugenio De Miguel, Mark Matza, Kenneth J Warrington, Kevin Byram, Kinanah Yaseen, Christine Peoples, Michael Putman, Lindsay Lally, Michael Finikiotis, Simone Appenzeller, Ugo Caramori, Carlos Enrique Toro-Gutiérrez, Elisabeth Backhouse, María Camila Guerrero Oviedo, Victor Román Pimentel-Quiroz, Helen Isobel Keen, Claire Elizabeth Owen, Thomas Daikeler, Annette de Thurah, Wolfgang A Schmidt, Elisabeth Brouwer, Christian Dejaco","doi":"10.1136/ard-2023-225134","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2023-225134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop international consensus-based recommendations for early referral of individuals with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A task force including 29 rheumatologists/internists, 4 general practitioners, 4 patients and a healthcare professional emerged from the international giant cell arteritis and PMR study group. The task force supplied clinical questions, subsequently transformed into Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome format. A systematic literature review was conducted followed by online meetings to formulate and vote on final recommendations. Levels of evidence (LOE) (1-5 scale) and agreement (LOA) (0-10 scale) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two overarching principles and five recommendations were developed. LOE was 4-5 and LOA ranged between 8.5 and 9.7. The recommendations suggest that (1) each individual with suspected or recently diagnosed PMR should be considered for specialist evaluation, (2) before referring an individual with suspected PMR to specialist care, a thorough history and clinical examination should be performed and preferably complemented with urgent basic laboratory investigations, (3) individuals with suspected PMR with severe symptoms should be referred for specialist evaluation using rapid access strategies, (4) in individuals with suspected PMR who are referred via rapid access, the commencement of glucocorticoid therapy should be deferred until after specialist evaluation and (5) individuals diagnosed with PMR in specialist care with a good initial response to glucocorticoids and a low risk of glucocorticoid related adverse events can be managed in primary care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These are the first international recommendations for referral of individuals with suspected PMR, which complement the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology management guidelines for established PMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1436-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138481828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective, multicentre, randomised placebo controlled trial (RESPINE study).","authors":"Yves-Marie Pers, Robert Soler-Rich, Gianluca Vadalà, Rosanna Ferreira, Claire Duflos, Marie-Christine Picot, Fanchon Herman, Sylvie Broussous, Ana Sánchez, David Noriega, Francisco Ardura, Mercedes Alberca Zaballos, Verónica García, Virginia Gordillo Cano, Margarita González-Vallinas, Vicenzo Denaro, Fabrizio Russo, Jérôme Guicheux, Joan Vilanova, Lluís Orozco, Hans-Jörg Meisel, Matias Alfonso, Francois Rannou, Yves Maugars, Francis Berenbaum, Frank P Barry, Karin Tarte, Pascale Louis-Plence, Guilherme Ferreira-Dos-Santos, Javier García-Sancho, Christian Jorgensen","doi":"10.1136/ard-2024-225771","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2024-225771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the efficacy of a single intradiscal injection of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) versus a sham placebo in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were randomised in a prospective, double-blind, controlled study to receive either sham injection or intradiscal injection of 20 million allogeneic BM-MSC, between April 2018 and December 2022. The first co-primary endpoint was the rate of responders defined by improvement of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain of at least 20% and 20 mm, or improvement of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) of 20% between baseline and month 12. The secondary structural co-primary endpoint was assessed by the disc fluid content measured by quantitative MRI T2, between baseline and month 12. Secondary endpoints included pain VAS, ODI, the Short Form (SF)-36 and the minimal clinically important difference in all timepoints (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months). We determined the immune response associated with allogeneic cell injection between baseline and 6 months. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>114 patients were randomised (n=58, BM-MSC group; n=56, sham placebo group). At 12 months, the primary outcome was not reached (74% in the BM-MSC group vs 69% in the placebo group; p=0.77). The groups did not differ in all secondary outcomes. No SAE related to the intervention occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While our study did not conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of allogeneic BM-MSCs for LBP, the procedure was safe. Long-term outcomes of MSC therapy for LBP are still being studied.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>EudraCT 2017-002092-25/ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03737461.</p>","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1572-1583"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of early oligoarticular psoriatic arthritis with apremilast: primary outcomes at week 16 from the FOREMOST randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Laure Gossec, Laura C Coates, Dafna D Gladman, Jacob A Aelion, Jitendra Vasandani, Andreas Pinter, Joseph F Merola, Arthur Kavanaugh, Jyotsna Reddy, Rebecca Wang, Michele Brunori, Yuri Klyachkin, Cynthia Deignan, Philip J Mease","doi":"10.1136/ard-2024-225833","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2024-225833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Oligoarticular psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is frequent but rarely studied. The objective was to assess the efficacy of apremilast in early oligoarticular PsA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FOREMOST (NCT03747939) was a phase 4 multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients had early (symptom duration ≤5 years) oligoarticular PsA (>1 but ≤4 swollen and >1 but ≤4 tender joints; 2-8 total active joints). Patients were randomised 2:1 to apremilast 30 mg two times per day or placebo for 24 weeks, with an early escape at week 16. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients at week 16 who achieved minimal disease activity (MDA)-Joints (modification of MDA mandating ≤1 swollen joint and ≤1 tender joint) based on sentinel joints (those affected at baseline) with a combination of non-responder imputation and multiple imputations. Exploratory analysis assessed all joints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 308 patients randomised (apremilast: n=203; placebo: n=105), mean (SD) PsA duration was 9.9 (10.2) months, mean (SD) age was 50.9 (12.5) years and 39.9% of patients were using a conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. MDA-Joints (sentinel joints (primary endpoint) and all joints) were achieved by significantly more patients with apremilast (33.9% and 21.3%) vs placebo (16.0% and 7.9%) at week 16 (p=0.0008 and nominal p=0.0028, respectively). Greater improvements in patient-reported outcomes, clinical disease activity and skin involvement were also seen with apremilast versus placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FOREMOST is the first randomised controlled trial designed for early oligoarticular PsA and showed apremilast improves clinical and patient-reported outcomes. This trial may inform the optimal management of PsA in these patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT03747939.</p>","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1480-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Referral of patients with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica: how complete is our view of 'planet PMR?'","authors":"Dario Camellino, Eric L Matteson","doi":"10.1136/ard-2023-225217","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2023-225217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1403-1405"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy and autoantibody seroconversion with CD19-CAR T cell therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and coexisting myasthenia gravis.","authors":"Aiden Haghikia, Tobias Hegelmaier, Denise Wolleschak, Martin Böttcher, Vaia Pappa, Jeremias Motte, Dominic Borie, Ralf Gold, Eugen Feist, Georg Schett, Dimitrios Mougiakakos","doi":"10.1136/ard-2024-226017","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2024-226017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1597-1598"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review informing the 2023 update of the EULAR recommendations.","authors":"Myrto Kostopoulou, Chetan B Mukhtyar, George Bertsias, Dimitrios T Boumpas, Antonis Fanouriakis","doi":"10.1136/ard-2023-225319","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2023-225319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyse the new evidence (2018-2022) for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to inform the 2023 update of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic literature reviews were performed in the Medline and the Cochrane Library databases capturing publications from 1 January 2018 through 31 December 2022, according to the EULAR standardised operating procedures. The research questions focused on five different domains, namely the benefit/harm of SLE treatments, the benefits from the attainment of remission/low disease activity, the risk/benefit from treatment tapering/withdrawal, the management of SLE with antiphospholipid syndrome and the safety of immunisations against varicella zoster virus and SARS-CoV2 infection. A Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome framework was used to develop search strings for each research topic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 439 relevant articles, the majority being observational studies of low or moderate quality. High-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) documented the efficacy of the type 1 interferon receptor inhibitor, anifrolumab, in non-renal SLE, and belimumab and voclosporin, a novel calcineurin inhibitor, in lupus nephritis (LN), when compared with standard of care. For the treatment of specific organ manifestations outside LN, a lack of high-quality data was documented. Multiple observational studies confirmed the beneficial effects of attaining clinical remission or low disease activity, reducing the risk for multiple adverse outcomes. Two randomised trials with some concerns regarding risk of bias found higher rates of relapse in patients who discontinued glucocorticoids (GC) or immunosuppressants in SLE and LN, respectively, yet observational cohort studies suggest that treatment withdrawal might be feasible in a subset of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anifrolumab and belimumab achieve better disease control than standard of care in extrarenal SLE, while combination therapies with belimumab and voclosporin attained higher response rates in high-quality RCTs in LN. Remission and low disease activity are associated with favourable long-term outcomes. In patients achieving these targets, GC and immunosuppressive therapy may gradually be tapered. Cite Now.</p>","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1489-1501"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2023 EULAR classification criteria for hand osteoarthritis.","authors":"Ida K Haugen, David T Felson, Abhishek Abhishek, Francis Berenbaum, Sita Bierma-Zeinstra, Krysia S Dziedzic, John James Edwards, Martin Englund, Merete Hermann-Eriksen, Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont, Catherine Hill, Mariko L Ishimori, Helgi Jonsson, Teemu Karjalainen, Ying Ying Leung, Emmanuel Maheu, Christian D Mallen, Michelle Marshall, Rikke H Moe, Roberta Ramonda, Valentin Ritschl, Marco Jpf Ritt, Tanja A Stamm, Zoltan Szekanecz, Florus van der Giesen, Lotte A van de Stadt, Coen van der Meulen, Ruth Wittoek, Elsie Greibrokk, Hellen Laheij, Margreet Kloppenburg","doi":"10.1136/ard-2023-225073","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2023-225073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study is to develop classification criteria for overall hand osteoarthritis (OA), interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA based on self-reported data and radiographic features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The classification criteria sets were developed in three phases. In phase 1, we identified criteria that discriminated hand OA from controls. In phase 2, we used a consensus-based decision analysis approach to derive a clinician-based evaluation of the relative importance of the criteria. In phase 3, we refined the scoring system, determined the cut-offs for disease classification and compared the sensitivity and specificity of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) criteria with the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In persons with hand symptoms and no other disease (including psoriasis) or acute injury that can explain the hand symptoms (mandatory criteria), hand OA can be classified based on age, duration of morning stiffness, number of joints with osteophytes and joint space narrowing, and concordance between symptoms and radiographic findings. Using a sum of scores based on each diagnostic element, overall hand OA can be classified if a person achieves 9 or more points on a 0-15 scale. The cut-off for interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA is 8 points. While the EULAR criteria demonstrated better sensitivity than the ACR criteria in the phase 1 data set, the performance of the two criteria sets was similar in two external cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>International experts developed the EULAR criteria to classify overall hand OA, interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA in clinical studies using a rigorous methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1428-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of immune checkpoint molecules as a characteristic of autoimmune congenital heart block.","authors":"Ana-Luisa Stefanski, Hector Rincon-Arevalo, Iris Dressler-Steinbach, Nadja Nomovi, Alma Mackert, Arman Aue, Jacob Ritter, Annika Wiedemann, Franziska Szelinski, Eva Schrezenmeier, Anja A Kühl, Andreia C Lino, Wolfgang Henrich, Thomas Dörner","doi":"10.1136/ard-2024-226176","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2024-226176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1598-1600"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141598325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-cell depletion in autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Georg Schett, György Nagy, Gerhard Krönke, Dirk Mielenz","doi":"10.1136/ard-2024-225727","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2024-225727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>B cells have a pivotal function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In autoimmune disease, B cells orchestrate antigen presentation, cytokine production and autoantibody production, the latter via their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells. This article addresses the current therapeutic strategies to deplete B cells in order to ameliorate or potentially even cure autoimmune disease. It addresses the main target antigens in the B-cell lineage that are used for therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, it summarises the current evidence for successful treatment of autoimmune disease with monoclonal antibodies targeting B cells and the limitations and challenges of these approaches. Finally, the concept of deep B-cell depletion and immunological reset by chimeric antigen receptor T cells is discussed, as well as the lessons from this approach for better understanding the role of B cells in autoimmune disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1409-1420"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological autoantibody internalisation in myositis.","authors":"Iago Pinal-Fernandez, Sandra Muñoz-Braceras, Maria Casal-Dominguez, Katherine Pak, Jiram Torres-Ruiz, Jon Musai, Stefania Dell'Orso, Faiza Naz, Shamima Islam, Gustavo Gutierrez-Cruz, Maria Dolores Cano, Ana Matas-Garcia, Joan Padrosa, Ester Tobias-Baraja, Gloria Garrabou, Iban Aldecoa, Gerard Espinosa, Carmen Pilar Simeon-Aznar, Alfredo Guillen-Del-Castillo, Albert Gil-Vila, Ernesto Trallero-Araguás, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Thomas E Lloyd, Teerin Liewluck, Elie Naddaf, Werner Stenzel, Steven A Greenberg, Josep Maria Grau, Albert Selva-O'Callaghan, Jose Cesar Milisenda, Andrew Lee Mammen","doi":"10.1136/ard-2024-225773","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ard-2024-225773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Autoantibodies targeting intracellular proteins are common in various autoimmune diseases. In the context of myositis, the pathologic significance of these autoantibodies has been questioned due to the assumption that autoantibodies cannot enter living muscle cells. This study aims to investigate the validity of this assumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was employed to localise antibodies and other proteins of interest in myositis muscle biopsies. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to examine the transcriptomic profiles of 669 samples, including those from patients with myositis, disease controls and healthy controls. Additionally, antibodies from myositis patients were introduced into cultured myoblasts through electroporation, and their transcriptomic profiles were analysed using RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with myositis autoantibodies, antibodies accumulated inside myofibres in the same subcellular compartment as the autoantigen. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that muscle biopsies from patients with autoantibodies targeting transcriptional regulators exhibited transcriptomic patterns consistent with dysfunction of the autoantigen. For instance, in muscle biopsies from patients with anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies recognising components of the nuclear RNA exosome complex, an accumulation of divergent transcripts and long non-coding RNAs was observed; these RNA forms are typically degraded by the nuclear RNA exosome complex. Introducing patient antibodies into cultured muscle cells recapitulated the transcriptomic effects observed in human disease. Further supporting evidence suggested that myositis autoantibodies recognising other autoantigens may also disrupt the function of their targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that, in myositis, autoantibodies are internalised into living cells, causing biological effects consistent with the disrupted function of their autoantigen.</p>","PeriodicalId":8087,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1549-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":20.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}