Applied microbiology最新文献_第8页

Overview of Probiotic Strains of Weizmannia coagulans, Previously Known as Bacillus coagulans, as Food Supplements and Their Use in Human Health 凝固性魏茨曼菌(以前称为凝固性芽孢杆菌)益生菌菌株作为食品补充剂及其在人类健康中的应用综述

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030064

S. Fijan, Tamara Fijan, N. Connil

{"title":"Overview of Probiotic Strains of Weizmannia coagulans, Previously Known as Bacillus coagulans, as Food Supplements and Their Use in Human Health","authors":"S. Fijan, Tamara Fijan, N. Connil","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030064","url":null,"abstract":"Weizmannia coagulans, previously known as Bacillus coagulans and before that as Lactobacillus sporogenes, is a spore-forming, lactic acid-producing, Gram-positive, bacillus-shaped bacterial species with several known probiotic strains, including GBI-30, 6086 Unique IS-2, MTCC 5856, LBSC (DSM 17654), TBC169, SNZ 1969, BC30, and T11. This review focusses on the health benefit of these strains. A total of 53 clinical trials were found to use various strains of Weizmannia coagulans. However, 19 of these clinical trials did not provide strain information. Clinical evidence has shown that supplementation with strains of Weizmannia coagulans resulted in statistically significant health effects in the probiotic groups compared to the placebo. Several health benefits of the Weizmannia coagulans strains were found including relieving symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, diarrhoea, and other gastrointestinal symptoms, function recovery treatment of non-fatty liver disease, after surgery or in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, quality of life and glucose- and lipid-related biomarkers related to overweight or obese participants or diabetic patients, absorption of protein or muscle integrity and improvement of peri- and post-menopausal symptoms. The main mechanism of action is the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and host immunity. However, in terms of several clinical studies involving small patient populations, others did not provide strain information. Larger, well-designed clinical studies are warranted to support the health benefits of Weizmannia coagulans strains.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76498632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Response of Hypolimnetic Water and Bottom Sediment Microbial Communities to Freshwater Salinization—A Microcosm Experiment 低盐度水体和底泥微生物群落对淡水盐碱化的响应——一个微观实验

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-08-19 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030063

Jean-Christophe Gagnon, Valérie Turcotte Blais, C. Lazar

{"title":"Response of Hypolimnetic Water and Bottom Sediment Microbial Communities to Freshwater Salinization—A Microcosm Experiment","authors":"Jean-Christophe Gagnon, Valérie Turcotte Blais, C. Lazar","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030063","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of NaCl in freshwater caused by winter runoffs is a problem whose consequences are still little understood. We sought to analyze the effect of NaCl addition on microbial communities of the hypolimnion and bottom sediments of a Canadian lake. Using microcosms comprising a salinity gradient varying between 0.01 and 3.22 ppt (10–3220 mg/L−1) NaCl, we investigated the effect of salinity on prokaryotic absolute abundance and diversity, following a three- and six-week exposure, and detected the presence of a salinity threshold for microbial communities’ differentiation. We observed a significant decline of bacterial diversity after six weeks in hypolimnetic samples. In the sediments, no clear effect of NaCl was observed on abundance or diversity, despite the presence of variations throughout the salinity gradient. The implication of nutrient fluctuations as well as the co-occurrence of species and inter-domain interactions is likely and would strongly contribute to the development of salt-exposed prokaryotic communities. In hypolimnetic water and sediments, the archaeal and eukaryotic communities differed significantly from 0.93 ppt (930 mg/L−1), while only conclusive at 1.9 ppt (1900 mg/L−1) NaCl in bacteria, meaning that the regulations in place are possibly suitable for the protection of the microbial communities in the hypolimnion and sediment lake layers.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76821795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Efficacy of Systemic and Combination Fungicides for the Control of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Cabbage 系统杀菌剂与组合杀菌剂防治白菜锈病的效果比较

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030062

Patience U. Ishieze, C. F. Amuji, K. I. Ugwuoke, P. Baiyeri, M. Eze

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Systemic and Combination Fungicides for the Control of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Cabbage","authors":"Patience U. Ishieze, C. F. Amuji, K. I. Ugwuoke, P. Baiyeri, M. Eze","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030062","url":null,"abstract":"Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage, caused by the Alternaria brassicicola, affects leaves of cabbages and often results in head rots causing severe decline in yield. In this work, the effects of systemic and combination fungicides on A. brassicicola mycelia growth in vitro and disease severity in field trials were investigated. The results of in vitro evaluation revealed that both fungicides significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) the growth of A. brassicicola under in vitro conditions. However, metalaxyl-M 6% was less effective with 100 μg/mL having only 30 ± 3.5% inhibition. On the other hand, 100 μg/mL of mancozeb 63% + carbendazim 12% had 94 ± 3.5% growth inhibition of A. brassicicola, respectively, under the same conditions. Dose-response analysis of the efficacy of the two fungicides showed that the LC50 of metalaxyl-M 6% and mancozeb 63% + carbendazim 12% were 125.52 ppm and 57.22 ppm, respectively, indicating the superiority of combination fungicide over systemic fungicide alone. Field studies showed that while manure type significantly impacted on biomass production (p < 0.001), it did not significantly affect disease severity. On the other hand, the frequency of fungicide application impacted on disease severity, with biweekly application leading to a significant reduction in disease severity after 10 weeks.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"2 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91252072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Human Superorganism: Using Microbes for Freedom vs. Fear 人类的超个体:利用微生物获得自由还是恐惧

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030061

R. Dietert, Janice Dietert

{"title":"The Human Superorganism: Using Microbes for Freedom vs. Fear","authors":"R. Dietert, Janice Dietert","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030061","url":null,"abstract":"Balanced fear supports human rational decision-making and useful behavioral responses. In contrast, overwhelming, persistent, and unbalanced fear can paralyze the individual and result in heightened anxiety, lack of cognitive flexibility, fear-based public compliance and serious mental health issues. Psychobiotics research has established that a healthy microbiome is required for balanced fear and mental health protection via control of fear extinction. The recent COVID-19 pandemic featured daily, persistent, fear-of-a-single-contagion conditioning on a global scale paired with various behavioral mandates (e.g., lockdowns of the healthy, required wearing of face masks in many locations including schools, isolation from environmental microbes and each other through the closure of beaches and parks, and restrictions on social gatherings including access to family members in hospitals and senior-assisted facilities). Such mandates degraded the human microbiome and isolated us from each other and useful environmental microbes. It also ignored the historic role of secondary bacterial pathogens in pandemic deaths. This narrative review examines how the institutional promotion of fear-of-a-single-contagion, lack of balanced risk communication, and appalling disregard of our fundamental nature (as majority-microbial human superorganisms) resulted in problems rather than solutions. This review illustrates that government-public health-media promotion of pervasive fear and microbiome-degrading behaviors: (1) increased public compliance, (2) reduced cognitive flexibility, and (3) increased risk of mental health conditions. However, a portion of the general public chose a healthier path through their increased consumption of microbiome- and immune-supportive supplements and fermented foods during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. For a healthier future, public health must follow the lead of this population to ensure that human freedom, rather than paralyzing fear, dominates our future.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76740214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital Wastewater 医院废水中分离的大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抗生素耐药模式

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030060

P. Karungamye, A. Rugaika, Kelvin Mtei, Revocatus Lazaro Machunda

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital Wastewater","authors":"P. Karungamye, A. Rugaika, Kelvin Mtei, Revocatus Lazaro Machunda","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030060","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in treated hospital wastewater effluents constitute a major environmental and public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wastewater effluent at the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital (BMH) in Dodoma, Tanzania. These bacteria were selected to represent the most prevalent gram-negative bacteria found in hospital wastewater, and they have the potential to generate resistance and spread resistance genes to antibiotics. The wastewater BMH is treated in a Constructed Wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia before being released into the environment. The bacteria were isolated from wastewater effluent collected at the outlet of the CW. Isolated bacteria were analyzed for antibiotic resistance by disc diffusion method. Molecular identification of bacterial species was performed by using 16S rRNA. The results show that Klebsiella ssp. was the most common isolate detected, with a prevalence of 39.3%, followed by E. coli (27.9%) and Pseudomonas ssp. (18.0%). Klebsiella ssp. were more resistant than Pseudomonas ssp. for Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Sulfamethoxazole. Pseudomonas ssp. were more resistant than Klebsiella ssp. for Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin. Klebsiella ssp. harbored more resistance genes (40%), followed by Pseudomonas ssp. (35%) and E. coli (20%). The findings of this investigation indicate that the effluent from the CW requires additional treatment to reduce discharged ARB and ARGs in the receiving water bodies. As a result, the effluent quality of the CW should be continuously monitored and assessed, and further developments for treating the final effluent are necessary.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73609463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reviewing the Current Understanding of Replant Syndrome in Orchards from a Soil Microbiome Perspective 从土壤微生物组学的角度回顾目前对果园再植综合征的认识

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030059

Derek R. Newberger, D. Manter, J. Vivanco

引用次数: 0

The Basis for Variations in the Biofilm Formation by Different Salmonella Species and Subspecies: An In Vitro and In Silico Scoping Study 不同沙门氏菌种和亚种生物膜形成差异的基础:体外和计算机范围研究

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030058

Amreeta Sarjit, Y. Cheah, G. Dykes

{"title":"The Basis for Variations in the Biofilm Formation by Different Salmonella Species and Subspecies: An In Vitro and In Silico Scoping Study","authors":"Amreeta Sarjit, Y. Cheah, G. Dykes","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030058","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether the presence/absence of biofilm-associated genes may indicate the potential for differences in the biofilm formation among the Salmonella species/subspecies. We conducted an in vitro study on the biofilm formation by eighteen Salmonella strains of different species/subspecies. Strains belonging to subspecies enterica were generally poorer biofilm formers than strains belonging to species bongori and subspecies arizonae, diarizonae, and indica. A broader in silico study was subsequently conducted. The presence/absence of 57 biofilm-associated genes was further investigated among 323 Salmonella whole genomes of various species/subspecies. The lpfE gene was present in in 88.2% of subspecies enterica but was absent in ~90.2–100% of other subspecies. The sirA gene was present in 11.8% of subspecies enterica and 2.9% of S. diarizonae genomes while absent in other species/subspecies. The lpfe gene and sirA gene in subspecies enterica negatively correlated with environmental biofilm formation. The csrB gene was present in 71.4% of the S. arizonae and 94.3% of S. diarizonae genomes but absent in other species/subspecies. The absence of csrB in subspecies enterica positively correlated with weaker environmental biofilm formation. This may contribute to subspecies arizonae and diarizonae being better biofilm formers.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89580952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conversion of Unsaturated Short- to Medium-Chain Fatty Acids by Unspecific Peroxygenases (UPOs) 非特异性过氧酶(UPOs)对不饱和短链脂肪酸向中链脂肪酸的转化

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030057

A. Karich, Fabian Salzsieder, M. Kluge, M. Alcalde, R. Ullrich, M. Hofrichter

{"title":"Conversion of Unsaturated Short- to Medium-Chain Fatty Acids by Unspecific Peroxygenases (UPOs)","authors":"A. Karich, Fabian Salzsieder, M. Kluge, M. Alcalde, R. Ullrich, M. Hofrichter","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030057","url":null,"abstract":"Eighteen short- to medium-chain monounsaturated fatty acids were screened for hydroxylation and epoxidation using eleven different peroxygenase preparations. Most of these unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are secreted by fungal species of the dark-spored basidiomycetous families Psathyrellaceae and Strophariaceae, two belonged to the white-spored genus Marasmius (Marasmiaceae), and one belonged to the ascomycetous family Chaetomiaceae. The fatty acids (FAs) studied were categorized into three groups based on the position of the double bond: (i) terminal unsaturated FAs (between ω and ω-1), (ii) α-β-unsaturated FAs (between C2 and C3), and (iii) β-γ-unsaturated FAs (between C3 and C4). Their chain lengths ranged from three to nine carbon atoms. FAs with a terminal double bond were significantly oxidized by only two UPOs, namely CglUPO and CraUPO (peroxygenases from Chaetomium globosum and Coprinellus radians, respectively), producing different products. FAs with internal double bonds were converted by all tested UPOs. While epoxides were observed as products in the case of α-β-unsaturated fatty acids, only CglUPO formed β-γ-epoxides from the corresponding FAs. The product pattern of the other UPOs for β-γ-unsaturated FAs was quite similar. On the other hand, the product pattern for oxidized α-β-unsaturated FAs was more variable and, in some cases, specific to a particular UPO. For example, in the reaction with trans-2-nonenoic acid, the enzymes clustered into six groups based on the formed products.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74578012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspectives on Using a Competitive Exclusion Approach to Control Listeria monocytogenes in Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO): A Review 动物源性生物土壤改良剂(BSAAO)中单核增生李斯特菌的竞争排斥控制研究进展

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030055

Hongye Wang, Jinge Huang, Xiuping Jiang

{"title":"Perspectives on Using a Competitive Exclusion Approach to Control Listeria monocytogenes in Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO): A Review","authors":"Hongye Wang, Jinge Huang, Xiuping Jiang","doi":"10.3390/applmicrobiol3030055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3030055","url":null,"abstract":"Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO), such as animal waste or animal-waste-based composts, may contain foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Due to the ubiquitous nature of Listeria, it is essential to understand the behavior of L. monocytogenes in BSAAO in order to develop preharvest prevention strategies to reduce pathogen contamination. As biological control agents, competitive exclusion (CE) microorganisms have been widely utilized in agriculture to control plant- or foodborne pathogens. Due to the diverse microbial community, animal wastes and composts are the potential sources for isolating CE strains for pathogen control. To explore the potential of using CE to control L. monocytogenes in BSAAO, we thoroughly reviewed the studies on the fate of L. monocytogenes in the agriculture field, and in the isolation and identification of CE from different matrices, and the applications of CE as a biological control method. Future studies using a next-generation sequencing approach to identify and characterize CE strains in complex microbial communities can provide a comprehensive picture of the microbial interactions between invading pathogens and the indigenous microbiota in BSAAO. This comprehensive review will provide insight into the development of effective biological control measures for preventing L. monocytogenes contamination in the agricultural field and enhancing food safety.","PeriodicalId":8080,"journal":{"name":"Applied microbiology","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86242545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yeast and Virus-like Particles: A Perfect or Imperfect Couple? 酵母和病毒样颗粒:完美还是不完美的一对?

Applied microbiology Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3030056

Sara Brachelente, A. Galli, T. Cervelli

引用次数: 0