Annals of The Entomological Society of America最新文献

{"title":"The Heterogonic Life Cycles of Oak Gall Wasps Need to Be Closed: A Lesson From Two Species of Dryophanta (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)","authors":"T. Ide, Y. Abe","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saab009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In heterogonic gall wasps, the gall structure, phenology, and adult morphology differ between the asexual and sexual generations, even within the same species. Dryophanta japonica Ashmead and Dryophanta mitsukurii Ashmead were described in 1904, but their heterogonic life cycles were uncertain. To match their asexual and sexual generations, we compared the type specimens of both species with specimens of gall wasps reared to demonstrate heterogonic life cycles. This revealed that these two species are the respective asexual and sexual generations of a single heterogonic species. Based on the morphological characteristics, we transferred D. japonica to Cerroneuroterus Melika and Pujade-Villar as Cerroneuroterus japonicus (Ashmead, 1904) comb. nov. and treated the sexual generation as a junior synonym: Dryophanta mitsukurii Ashmead, 1904 syn. nov. Moreover, we examined the type specimens of other species previously suggested to be synonymous with D. mitsukurii. This showed that Neuroterus vonkuenburgi Dettmer, 1934 syn. nov. (and N. vonkuenburgi wakayamensis Monzen, 1954 syn. nov.) is the asexual generation of C. japonicus and that Neuroterus bonihenrici Dettmer, 1934 syn. nov. is the sexual generation. Judging from the original descriptions, Andricus asakawae Shinji, 1943 syn. nov., Andricus kanagawae Shinji, 1943 syn. nov., Andricus asakawae Shinji, 1944 syn. nov., Andricus kanagawae Shinji, 1944 syn. nov., and Neoneuroterus kashiyamai Monzen, 1954 syn. nov. were also regarded as the sexual generation of C. japonicus. Finally, we discussed how matching asexual and sexual generations in heterogonic gall wasps not only avoids taxonomic confusion but also contributes to progress in gall wasp biology.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"489 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/aesa/saab009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48117310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maggot Therapy in Chronic Wounds: New Approaches to Historical Practices","authors":"M. Harvey, I. Dadour, N. Gasz","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saab012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Blowfly larvae of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are well established as debridement agents in nonhealing wounds. Maggot therapy (MT) experienced reduced application following adoption of Penicillin and other antibiotics, but the advent of antibiotic resistance and the growing global wound burden have boosted demand for new therapies. The mechanisms of action are well accepted, with debridement, disinfection, biofilm destruction, and inhibition, as well as the stimulation of tissue growth uniformly acknowledged as a remarkable biotherapy. The mechanisms of action, while well-recognized, are still being examined. The efforts to understand isolated aspects of a complex system, have resulted in a tendency to approach the field from simplified viewpoints that remove the holistic system of the larvae. Furthermore, clinical studies have conflated wound debridement and healing in definitions of ‘success'. Thus, both in vitro and clinical studies have reported mixed results, presenting some uncertainty regarding the utility of MT that prohibits routine clinical adoption. This review builds from the generally accepted basic mechanisms to justify a future for MT that encompasses larval-bacterial symbioses as the basis to a holistic system. Symbioses are well documented in the Insecta, and literature in MT supports the existence of established symbiotic associations that provide enhanced debridement action. The future of MT requires consideration of a biological system that confers enhanced antimicrobial action on larvae when selective pre-exposure to carefully selected symbionts is adopted. In treating contemporary infections, there is much to be gained from reflecting on the natural biology of the organism, as MT was used with success long before we sterilized the system.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"415 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/aesa/saab012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46410912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferential Parasitism of Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Regardless of Rearing Host","authors":"Fatemeh Ganjisaffar, Nancy Power, T. Perring","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saab006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The invasive stink bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a serious pest of cole crops. Studies are underway to assess the potential of an exotic egg parasitoid from Pakistan, Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), as a biological control agent for this pest. In the present study, the ovipositional preference of O. mirus reared for multiple generations on B. hilaris, Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal), or Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) for eggs of these three stink bug species was evaluated. The first host accepted for oviposition, the number of parasitoid eggs (as indicated by pedicels) laid on each host egg at different time intervals, and the number of wasps that emerged from parasitized eggs were recorded. Results show that O. mirus prefers eggs of its primary host, B. hilaris, for oviposition over the alternate hosts tested regardless of whether the parasitoids were reared on the primary or alternate hosts. The percent parasitism in the first 2 h of exposure also was higher on B. hilaris eggs although it was not significantly different from T. pallidovirens eggs for parasitoids reared on B. hilaris and N. viridula eggs. For all parasitoid populations, the mean number of emerged wasps per host egg ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 with no significant differences. Bagrada hilaris eggs were significantly smaller than T. pallidovirens and N. viridula eggs and female wasps that emerged from B. hilaris eggs had significantly shorter body length and head width than those that emerged from T. pallidovirens and N. viridula eggs. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"365 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44992380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Supplemental Foods for Improved Greenhouse Biological Control","authors":"Carly M Benson, R. Labbe","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saab005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small modifications in greenhouse agroenvironments can have a big impact on the success of biological control programs. For instance, the application of supplemental foods during and after the release of natural enemies onto crop plants, could considerably improve their long-term reproductive and population growth prospects. As such, food supplementation represents a valuable biological control supportive strategy, helping to grow natural enemy populations before pest establishment, akin to creating a standing-army to defend crops against future pest invasions. In many places of the world, food supplementation represents a relatively new but growing component or biological control research, with increasingly better resources available to guide producers, IPM practitioners, or researchers wanting to apply or optimize such strategies to their local agents and environments. In this review, we summarize the current stage of knowledge associated with various supplemental food types, which work best to support specific beneficial arthropods as well as some tools and techniques for successfully applying this biological control-enhancing strategy. We also summarize some current challenges to the use of supplemental foods and discuss what future research is needed to adapt and optimize food supplementation for a diversity of natural enemy species.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"302 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44008168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting the Most From Surveys: How Method Selection and Method Modification Impact Butterfly Survey Data","authors":"K. Kral‐O'Brien, A. Antonsen, T. Hovick, R. Limb, J. Harmon","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saab004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many methods are used to survey butterfly populations, with line transect and area surveys being prominent. Observers are typically limited to search within 5 or 10 m from the line, while observers are unrestricted in larger specified search regions in area surveys. Although methods differ slightly, the selection is often based on producing defendable data for conservation, maximizing data quality, and minimizing effort. To guide method selection, we compared butterfly surveys using 1) line versus area methods and 2) varying width transects (5 m, 10 m, or unrestricted) using count data from surveys in North Dakota from 2015 to 2018. Between line and area surveys, we detected more individuals with area surveys, even when accounting for effort. However, both methods accumulated new species at similar rates. When comparing transect methodology, we detected nearly 60% more individuals and nine more species when transect width increased from 5 m to unrestricted, despite similar effort across methodology. Overall, we found line surveys slightly less efficient at detecting individuals, but they collected similar species richness to area surveys when accounting for effort. Additionally, line surveys allow the use of unrestricted-width transects with distance sampling procedures, which were more effective at detecting species and individuals while providing a means to correct count data over the same transect length. Methods that reduce effort and accurately depict communities are especially important for conservation when long-term datasets are unavailable.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"719 - 726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/aesa/saab004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48770966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewers for Annals of the Entomological Society of America(November 2019–October 2020)","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saaa064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"2021 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/aesa/saaa064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48215570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary and Ecological Pressures Shaping Social Wasps Collective Defenses","authors":"M. Detoni, X. Feás, R. Jeanne, K. Loope, S. O’Donnell, David Santoro, S. Sumner, J. Jandt","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saaa063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social insects are well known for their aggressive (stinging) responses to a nest disturbance. Still, colonies are attacked due to the high-protein brood cached in their nests. Social wasps have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms to exclude predators, including nest construction and coordinated stinging response. Which predatory pressures have shaped the defensive strategies displayed by social wasps to protect their colonies? We reviewed the literature and explored social media to compare direct and indirect (claims and inferences) evidence of predators attacking individuals and colonies of wasps. Individual foraging wasps are predominantly preyed upon by birds and other arthropods, whereas predators on wasp brood vary across subfamilies of Vespidae. Polistinae wasps are predominantly preyed upon by ants and Passeriformes birds, whereas Vespinae are predominantly preyed upon by badgers, bears, and hawks. Ants and hornets are the primary predators of Stenogastrinae colonies. The probability of predation by these five main Orders of predators varies across continents. However, biogeographical variation in prey–predator trends was best predicted by climate (temperate vs. tropical). In social wasps' evolutionary history, when colonies were small, predation pressure likely came from small mammals, lizards, or birds. As colonies evolved larger size and larger rewards for predators, the increased predation pressure likely selected for more effective defensive responses. Today, primary predators of large wasp colonies seem to be highly adapted to resist or avoid aggressive nest defense, such as large birds and mammals (which were not yet present when eusociality evolved in wasps), and ants.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"581 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/aesa/saaa063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed–Insect Interactions in Annual Cropping Systems","authors":"M. Barbercheck, J. Wallace","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saab002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agricultural production is increasingly viewed as more than a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel, but also as a system of interdependent biotic and abiotic components that interact to produce ecosystem services and disservices. Weeds and insects are commonly viewed as non-desirable components of agroecosystems that should be managed. However, weeds can also provide benefits to cropping systems, such as providing resources and habitat to pollinators and other beneficial arthropods. This review on weed–insect interactions in annual cropping systems focuses on functional interactions within the context of regulating and supporting ecosystem services and disservices. Regulating services are those that act as regulators of the environment, such as weed–insect interactions that contribute to the regulating services of pollination and biological control, but also contribute to the disservices of crop and cover crop seed predation, and maintenance of insect pests and insect-transmitted phytopathogens. Supporting services include habitat and biodiversity that are necessary for the production and maintenance of the other types of ecosystem services. Here we review the impacts of weed–insect interactions as a component of biodiversity.We conclude by identifying some knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding of trade-offs when seeking to improve net positive ecosystem services in annual cropping systems. Graphical Abstract Positive and negative interactions among insects and weeds. Credit: Nick Sloff.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"276 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/aesa/saab002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41903005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Specialist Beech-Feeding Underwing Moths From Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Catocalinae) and Its Implication to Biodiversity Conservation of Taiwan Beech Forests","authors":"Y. Hsu, Li-Hao Wang, Chia-Lung Huang, M. Braby, Wen-Jie Lin, R. Lin, Yu-Ming Hsu","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saaa062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deciduous Beech (Fagus spp.) forests have a highly disjunct distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, with greatest diversity in eastern Asia. Although Fagus supports a rich phytophagous insect fauna, the diversity, composition, and host specialization of insects associated with these trees in Asia are less well known compared with Europe and North America. For instance, two species of Catocala moths, both considered endemic to Japan, were previously known as the only beech-feeding specialists of this genus. However, two Catocala species were recently discovered from Taiwan during a survey of phytophagous insects on Taiwan Beech Fagus hayatae, a threatened plant. Identification of these two species of moths was determined by mtDNA (COI barcodes), adult morphology, including wing pattern and genitalia, and biology. Based on these multiple sources of evidence, we conclude that one species represents an undescribed species and the other a new subspecies of a species previously known only from mainland China. The taxonomic treatments in the present work include Catocala seiohbo sanctocula Hsu & Huang, subsp. nov., C. nimbosa Hsu & Wang, sp. nov. and C. nubila ohshimai, stat. nov. In Taiwan, Catocala spp. occur mainly in large, undisturbed patches of Taiwan Beech forest and are codependent on F. hayatae. Thus, they are not only considered to be at risk of co-extinction, but may serve as potential indicator species to monitor the extent and health of this threatened ecological community.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"338 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/aesa/saaa062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43992092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollination by Non-Apis Bees and Potential Benefits in Self-Pollinating Crops","authors":"Isaac L. Esquivel, Katherine A. Parys, M. Brewer","doi":"10.1093/aesa/saaa059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The diversity and abundance of native bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) are important in providing pollination services to a diverse array of crops. An extensive literature base is available on the contributions of bees as crop pollinators. The focus of the majority of these studies are on honey bees (Apis spp.) pollinating crops that depend on cross-pollination to produce a yield. Self-pollinating crop species, including cotton, soybeans, coffee, and canola, can self-pollinate but there is increasing evidence that they can also benefit from cross-pollination by insects. These crops can see a considerable benefit when visited by bees in general, but contradictory evidence is not fully understood in some systems. For example, recent studies have shown that bee visitation to cotton blooms can increase yield up to 15%. Including nesting habitat for non-Apis bees within soybean dominated landscapes increases in-field yields. However, in these same systems, some studies show none or minimal yield increases. Additional literature (both recent and historical) of non-Apis bees in mass-flowering self-pollinating crops and their potential benefits to the crops also exists but is previously unsynthesized in cotton and soybeans in particular. In our review of literature on these select self-pollinating crops, there appears to be apparent gaps in the literature base on these and other understudied cropping systems. With the exception of graminaceous and cereal crops, all the crops discussed herein seem to have all have benefited from visitation by both Apis and non-Apis bees. Some provide known resource benefits to native bee pollinators like canola, but others like cotton and soybean are not well understood. Further, with an apparent yet small literature base in cotton and soybean there are many facets between the native bee pollinators and crop such as nutritional benefits of nectar and pollen to the bees themselves that still need to be addressed. To examine these underlying mechanisms, additional studies into the basic biology and natural history, including nesting habitats and preferences along with foraging preferences of abundant bee species will help understand how these bees seem to persist and possibly thrive in intensified agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":8076,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The Entomological Society of America","volume":"114 1","pages":"257 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}