Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology最新文献

{"title":"Skin Closure Techniques After Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Implantation and Their Impact on Pocket Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Yashar Mashayekhi,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais,&nbsp;Syed Ali Hassnat,&nbsp;Nidhi Reji,&nbsp;Fawad ullah,&nbsp;Bhavna Singla,&nbsp;Shivam Singla,&nbsp;Abida Perveen,&nbsp;Jahanzeb Malik","doi":"10.1111/anec.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anec.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation, including pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy systems, is increasingly performed worldwide. Despite advances in implantation techniques, device pocket-related complications such as infection, hematoma, and wound dehiscence remain clinically important. The optimal skin closure technique for preventing these complications remains uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of different skin closure techniques following CIED implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched from database inception to March 2026. Studies evaluating wound closure techniques after CIED implantation were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Primary outcomes included pocket infection, hematoma, and wound dehiscence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine studies involving 1616 patients were included. Closure methods evaluated included conventional sutures, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives, skin staplers, and noninvasive closure devices. Pooled analysis showed no significant difference in pocket infection between closure techniques (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.58–1.42; <i>p</i> = 0.68; <i>I</i>² = 29%). Similarly, no significant differences were observed for pocket hematoma (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.67–1.74; <i>p</i> = 0.74; <i>I</i>² = 34%) or wound dehiscence (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.52–2.51; <i>p</i> = 0.75; <i>I</i>² = 21%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different wound closure techniques following CIED implantation demonstrate comparable safety outcomes. Closure method selection may therefore be guided by operator preference, procedural efficiency, and cosmetic considerations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anec.70198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial Tachycardia Utilizing Bachmann's Bundle as an Epicardial Bypass: A Case Suggestive of a Dual-Loop Mechanism","authors":"Ryutaro Sakurai,&nbsp;Yosuke Nakatani,&nbsp;Kensuke Fujiwara,&nbsp;Takashi Miyamoto","doi":"10.1111/anec.70208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anec.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 70-year-old man with a history of prior ablation for atrial fibrillation presented with atrial tachycardia (AT). Electrophysiological studies revealed roof-dependent and localized-reentrant ATs. During each AT, widespread breakthrough activation was observed just anterior to the low-voltage area on the anterior wall, suggesting that Bachmann's bundle served as an epicardial bypass within the tachycardia circuits. This case highlights the potential role of Bachmann's bundle in the development of ATs in the remodeled left atrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anec.70208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longer Baseline Left Ventricular Activation Time Is Associated With Lower Mortality and Lower Risk of Heart Failure Hospitalization in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Recipients","authors":"Sofia Marinko,&nbsp;Pyotr G. Platonov,&nbsp;Rasmus Borgquist","doi":"10.1111/anec.70210","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anec.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many patients do not benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with current guideline parameters. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between left ventricular activation time (LVAT) from the standard 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and clinical outcome from CRT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective study was performed on patients receiving CRT implants at a large-volume tertiary care center. Digital ECGs were collected pre- and post-implant. LVAT was defined as the time from QRS onset to maximum deflection in lead V6. The primary combined endpoint was heart failure hospitalization or all-cause mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study group comprised 415 patients (median age [Q1–Q3] of 72.8 years [65.1–78.7], 77.3% male, median baseline LVEF 27.5% [22–30], and 43.1% with ischemic heart failure etiology) who were followed for up to 7.6 years (median 2.8). LVAT was measured pre-implant (median 78 ms [66–98]) and post-implant (median 88 ms [74–106]). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, a longer pre-implant LVAT was associated with a reduced risk of reaching the primary endpoint in patients with LBBB (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.046). Post-implant LVAT was not associated with clinical outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show that a longer baseline LVAT is associated with a lower risk of heart failure hospitalization and all-cause mortality. This relationship was of borderline significance in multivariable analysis. Prospective trials would be useful to further explore the potential role of pre-implant LVAT in patient selection for CRT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anec.70210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Correlation Analysis of 24-h Minimum Heart Rate Levels and Deceleration Capacity of Heart Rate in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated With Essential Hypertension”","authors":"Mawra Naveed,&nbsp;Mashal Naveed,&nbsp;Intzar Ahmed,&nbsp;Muhammad Sajjad,&nbsp;Mahnoor Jan","doi":"10.1111/anec.70205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anec.70205","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read the article titled “Correlation Analysis of 24-h Minimum Heart Rate Levels and Deceleration Capacity of Heart Rate in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated With Essential Hypertension” by Wu et al. with great interest (Wu et al. &lt;span&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;). In this study, the authors add to the non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular risk in a high-risk population by examining the deceleration capacity (DC) and the 24-h minimum heart rate (MHR). However, despite its clinical relevance, several limitations merit further attention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, as this study is cross-sectional, the cause and effect relationship between the variables is constrained. Although the study explained the relationship between MHR and DC, it failed to follow patients over time; therefore, it is not possible to determine which variable influences the other. However, Bauer et al. (&lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;) proved in their study that the real value of DC lies in its capability to predict future outcomes, which is only meaningful in case patients are followed over time. Thus, in order to better understand this relationship, further studies should concentrate on longer follow-up and use longitudinal study designs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Second, this study fails to account for glycemic control (HbA1c levels), duration of diabetes, and severity of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. As Vinik et al. (&lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;) clearly explained in their study, poor glycemic control is strongly linked to the advancement of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Since diabetes-related factors were not taken into consideration, it cannot be determined whether the reduction in DC is truly due to MHR or simply a result of more severe diabetes. Therefore, future studies should include metabolic parameters to get clearer and more reliable results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The third major limitation of this study is the absence of evaluation of clinical cardiovascular outcomes such as arrhythmias, hospitalization, or mortality. Without outcome-based follow-up, the clinical significance of altered MHR and DC remains uncertain. Bauer et al. showed that impaired DC predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes following myocardial infarction (Bauer et al. &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;). Future studies should include follow-up data with defined cardiovascular endpoints.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, the failure to account for circadian rhythm and sleep parameters when measuring minimum heart rate (MHR) was another significant limitation of this study. Although Holter monitors allowed for continuous heart rate tracking, this investigation did not account for different stages of sleep nor autonomic shifts throughout sleep. Because MHR typically occurs during sleep and is reflective of parasympathetic (vagal) tone, these physiological differences were not accounted for when assessing overall autonomic function. Trinder et al. (&lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;) have demonstrated autonomic modulation differs across sleep stages. Thus, future investigations should use polysomnography or actigr","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anec.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Accessible Algorithm for the Quick and Precise Interpretation of Atrioventricular Blocks in Electrocardiograms","authors":"Ali A. Ashkanani,&nbsp;Ali H. Ashkanani,&nbsp;Mohammad F. Alkandari,&nbsp;Malak A. Ashkanani,&nbsp;Maraheb M. Alkhalidi","doi":"10.1111/anec.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study investigated an innovative algorithm to improve the diagnosis of different atrioventricular (AV) block types and to improve patient treatment by expanding knowledge in the field of accurate AV-block identification. Implementing an innovative algorithm holds great potential to assist junior healthcare professionals and those with less expertise in electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this quantitative study, 40 junior doctors and medical students were randomly assigned to a training group (<i>n</i> = 20) and a control group (<i>n</i> = 20). The training group received a 1-h teaching session on the algorithm and subsequently interpreted standardized ECGs for AV-block diagnosis. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Diagnostic accuracy between groups was compared using an independent <i>t</i>-test; effect sizes were assessed using Cohen's <i>d</i>. A <i>p</i> value of &lt; 0.05 indicated statistical significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The implementation of the novel ECG interpretation method improved the accuracy of diagnosing AV blocks owing to its reliable and practical application, high accuracy, and impact on the grouped beating in AV-block diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The suggested algorithm can improve AV-block detection in clinical practice owing to its high accuracy and structured approach. The research findings will enhance the existing knowledge base on the diagnosis of AV block and positively impact overall patient treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anec.70207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Sport Cardiac Evaluation in Children: Detection of Risks Other Than Sudden Cardiac Death","authors":"Mehmet Öncül,&nbsp;Abdulgani Gülyüz","doi":"10.1111/anec.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sudden deaths may occur in children and adolescents due to unexpected cardiac problems during sports. This study aimed to screen for abnormalities that may lead to future morbidity in addition to the risk of sudden death and to investigate the importance of electrocardiography and echocardiography in detecting cardiac problems before sports license.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pediatric patients who visited the Pediatric Cardiology outpatient clinic of Malatya Training and Research Hospital between April 2022 and April 2024 to obtain a sports license report and who did not have any known heart disease before were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2432 patients were admitted to our hospital for pre-sport evaluation within 2 years. In 2089 of those, there were no known heart problems. Various heart problems were detected in 195 (9.3%) of the 2089 cases. In our study, 169 (8.1%) patients had echocardiography (ECHO) and 33 (1.7%) had electrocardiography (ECG) abnormality. Eight patients (0.3%) showed pathological findings on both ECHO and ECG. In addition, elevated arterial blood pressure was detected in three (0.14%). Of the cases with cardiac abnormality, 110 (56%) were male and 85 (46%) were female, and the average age was 12 (5–18).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study shows that approximately one out of every 10 patients in the population may have cardiological problems and 2.3% of these patients have major cardiac problems. Therefore, we recommend that all pediatric patients undergo a detailed cardiac evaluation at least once in the early stages of their lives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anec.70197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148073720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Strategy in Older Patients With Unexplained Syncope: Limitations of Preference-Based Evidence","authors":"Mehmet Mustafa Yılmaz,&nbsp;Osman Karaarslan,&nbsp;Macit Kalçık","doi":"10.1111/anec.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anec.70199","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with interest the recent study by Happ et al. (&lt;span&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;) evaluating physician perspectives regarding the preferred initial diagnostic strategy in older patients presenting with unexplained syncope without structural or electrical heart disease. The authors provide valuable insight into contemporary practice patterns and highlight the absence of consensus between implantable cardiac monitoring and tilt table testing as the initial diagnostic modality. However, several methodological and interpretive considerations warrant further discussion before these preference-based findings are translated into clinical decision-making frameworks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One important limitation relates to the interpretation of physician preference as a surrogate for optimal diagnostic sequencing. Surveys primarily reflect perceived diagnostic utility rather than objective effectiveness, and clinical decision-making in syncope evaluation is expected to be guided by structured diagnostic pathways rather than subjective preference alone. Current international guidelines emphasize risk stratification and clinical context when selecting monitoring strategies, rather than endorsing a uniform ICM-first or TTT-first approach (Shen et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another issue concerns the representativeness of the study population. The majority of respondents were electrophysiologists, which may have introduced specialty-related bias favoring rhythm-monitoring strategies such as implantable cardiac monitoring. Previous registry data demonstrate that ICM use increases diagnostic yield in unexplained syncope, but these benefits are particularly evident in carefully selected patient populations rather than universally across all older adults with nondiagnostic initial evaluation (Edvardsson et al. &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). Therefore, extrapolating these survey findings to broader clinical practice should be performed cautiously.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The observed discrepancy between physician concerns about missed diagnoses with tilt testing and their stated prioritization of rapid diagnostic yield also deserves closer consideration. Tilt testing has been shown to provide an early diagnosis in a substantial proportion of patients with reflex syncope and remains a guideline-supported tool in patients without clear arrhythmic suspicion. Meta-analytic evidence suggests that structured tilt testing protocols may achieve meaningful diagnostic rates within a short time frame, which contrasts with the delayed diagnostic timeline typically associated with prolonged monitoring strategies (Forleo et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the regional variability in preferred diagnostic strategies reported in the study likely reflects differences in infrastructure availability and training patterns rather than intrinsic differences in test performance. Previous observational studies have demonstrated that implantable loop recorders improve diagnostic certainty in selected patients but do not replace","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148106606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of Acoustic Features via Empirical Wavelet Transform to Determine Stenosis Degree of the Left Anterior Descending Artery Based on the Diastolic Heart Sounds of 75 Participants","authors":"Haixia Li,&nbsp;Yafang Zhang,&nbsp;Guofeng Ren,&nbsp;Yun Tian,&nbsp;Yan Chai,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wang","doi":"10.1111/anec.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anec.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to develop a method for extracting acoustic features to assess left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart sound data were collected from 75 participants (10 diastoles per participant) using a high-signal-to-noise ratio micro-electro-mechanical systems stethoscope. The diastolic signals were preprocessed, and empirical wavelet transform was applied to decompose their power spectra into three modes (0–150, 150–500, and &gt; 500 Hz). The spectral energies (e(1), e(2), e(3)) of these modes were analyzed, and support vector machine (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithms were used to classify LAD stenosis into mild (&lt; 50%), moderate (50%–75%), and severe (&gt; 75%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spectral energies e(2) and e(3) significantly increased with stenosis severity, and XGBoost outperformed SVM, achieving a test accuracy of 0.8133 and areas under the curve of 0.9358, 0.9644, and 0.9580 for mild, moderate, and severe stenosis, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Empirical wavelet transform-extracted spectral energies of e(2) and e(3), combined with XGBoost, effectively determine LAD stenosis degree, offering a non-invasive screening tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8074,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}