{"title":"Apoptosis gene expression analysis identifies biologically distinct AML clusters and BIK as an independent prognostic marker","authors":"Kinga Strzałka, Piotr Strzałka, Dariusz Jarych, Aneta Wiśnik, Damian Mikulski, Kacper Kościelny, Magdalena Czemerska, Izabela Zawlik, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Agnieszka Pluta","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07268-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07268-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dysregulation of apoptosis is a key feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and contributes to therapy resistance, yet the clinical relevance of apoptosis-related gene expression remains incompletely understood. We prospectively analyzed mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 90 newly diagnosed AML patients. Gene expression clustering identified two biologically distinct patient groups. The subgroup with significantly inferior overall survival (Cluster 2) showed coordinated upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes, including <i>BCL2L11 (BIM)</i>,<i> BBC3 (PUMA)</i>,<i> BID</i>,<i> BAD</i>,<i> BIK</i>, and <i>BAX</i>, together with a shift in anti-apoptotic signaling toward lower <i>BCL2</i> expression and increased expression of alternative survival regulators, <i>MCL1</i> and <i>BCL2L1 (BCL-xL)</i>. Reduced expression of executioner caspases <i>CASP3</i> and <i>CASP7</i> was also observed in Cluster 2, which may indicate less efficient apoptotic execution. Among patients treated with venetoclax + azacitidine (VenAza), Cluster 2 demonstrated significantly shorter event-free survival. This finding is consistent with the biological features of Cluster 2, including a monocytic immunophenotype previously associated with reduced sensitivity to BCL-2–targeted therapy and increased reliance on alternative anti-apoptotic regulators such as MCL1 and BCL-xL. Analysis of individual genes showed that higher <i>BIK</i> mRNA expression was associated with poorer survival and lack of response to VenAza, highlighting the paradoxical association between increased expression of this pro-apoptotic gene and adverse clinical outcome. These findings demonstrate that dysregulation of apoptosis-related gene expression defines clinically distinct AML subgroups and may contribute to differences in prognosis and therapeutic response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequencing asymmetry: the case for caution before first-line pirtobrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","authors":"Boyi Chen, Shenxian Qian","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07264-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07264-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phase III BRUIN CLL-313 and CLL-314 trials have established pirtobrutinib, a noncovalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, as a candidate for first-line therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and all-lines regulatory approval has now been granted in the European Union. We highlight an untested asymmetry: after failure of covalent BTK inhibitors, pirtobrutinib retains phase III–validated activity, whereas resistance to first-line pirtobrutinib can arise through kinase-domain mutations (e.g., A428D, L528W) that confer in vitro cross-resistance to covalent agents, the class that currently anchors relapse management. No clinical data exist on covalent BTK inhibitors after pirtobrutinib failure. We argue that, until reverse-sequence data emerge, a cautious approach that retains the clinically validated covalent-first sequence is reasonable for patients expected to need multiple lines of therapy, and we suggest mutation testing at progression, registry tracking of post-pirtobrutinib outcomes, and explicit discussion of sequencing in forthcoming guideline updates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefanie Forkl, Felix Freudenberger, Benedikt Jacobs, Sabine Einhell, Klaus Hirschbuehl, Rainer Claus, Dirk Hellwig, Dimitrios Mougiakakos, Martin Dreyling, Lena Illert, Simon Heidegger, Oliver Weigert, Johannes C. Hellmuth
{"title":"Change in COVID-19 outcomes in lymphoma patients across pandemic waves: results of the COVID-19-lymphoma registry of the Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) 2020–2022","authors":"Stefanie Forkl, Felix Freudenberger, Benedikt Jacobs, Sabine Einhell, Klaus Hirschbuehl, Rainer Claus, Dirk Hellwig, Dimitrios Mougiakakos, Martin Dreyling, Lena Illert, Simon Heidegger, Oliver Weigert, Johannes C. Hellmuth","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07094-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07094-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients with malignant lymphomas are at increased risk for severe COVID-19. In the general population, outcomes of COVID-19 have improved dramatically over time due to increasing immunity through vaccination or infection and due to improved clinical care. It is unclear whether outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma have improved similarly over time. We performed a multi-center retrospective study of lymphoma patients with COVID-19 at five tertiary care centers of the Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF) in Germany, evaluating baseline characteristics as well as COVID-19 management and outcomes across different pandemic waves from March 2020 to March 2022. Clinical management of COVID-19 as well as vaccination rates changed significantly over time. In the most recent pandemic wave (cases after December 27th 2021), 88% of lymphoma patients had been vaccinated. Upon infection, 57% of patients were treated with monoclonal antibodies and 35% were treated with antiviral agents. Concurrent with these interventions, we observed markedly improved outcomes. Severe disease courses were significantly less frequent in the most recent pandemic wave compared to earlier pandemic waves (4/40 vs. 26/73, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Similarly, mortality was significantly lower in the most recent pandemic wave compared to earlier pandemic waves (2/40 vs. 14/73, <i>p</i> = 0.039). Although we cannot clearly distinguish the relative contribution of each intervention on the observed improvement in COVID-19 outcome, our data indicates that severity and mortality of COVID-19 in this vulnerable patient population has recently declined. Thus, our data largely supports a return to pre-pandemic treatment recommendations and protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felicitas Schulz, Catharina Mundt, Annika Kasprzak, Paul Jaeger, Andrea Kuendgen, Corinna Strupp, Norbert Gattermann, Kathrin Nachtkamp, Sascha Dietrich, Guido Kobbe, Ulrich Germing
{"title":"Comparison of time to therapy initiation, therapeutic strategies and survival in patients with MDS IB1, IB2 and AML-MR using data of the duesseldorf registries","authors":"Felicitas Schulz, Catharina Mundt, Annika Kasprzak, Paul Jaeger, Andrea Kuendgen, Corinna Strupp, Norbert Gattermann, Kathrin Nachtkamp, Sascha Dietrich, Guido Kobbe, Ulrich Germing","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07250-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07250-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2022, the ICC redefined AML by lowering marrow blast count to 10% herewith integrating former MDS IB2 into AML. To evaluate the clinical implications of this reclassification, we analyzed data of our Duesseldorf registries regarding different aspects in patients with MDS IB1, IB2 or AML-MR and included 928 patients suffering from IB1 (213 patients), IB2 (279 patients) and AML-MR (436 patients). We analyzed time to initiation of treatment as well as treatment strategies and survival times. Time to initiation of therapy was significantly shorter in patients with AML-MR compared to MDS IB2 and IB1 (0.5 vs. 2 vs. 5 months, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Median overall survival was 12 months in patients with AML-MR, 19 months in MDS IB2 and 27 months in MDS IB1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Regarding most intensive treatment, median overall survival did not differ significantly in patients undergoing allografting or induction chemotherapy but was significantly longer (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in patients with MDS IB1 or IB2 compared to AML-MR receiving HMA (29 vs. 20 vs. 9 months), low dose chemotherapy (18 vs. 11 vs. 1 months) or BSC only (16 vs. 9 vs. 2 months). The significantly longer time to treatment initiation together with the prolonged median overall survival and survival following treatment with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) or low-dose chemotherapy suggests biologically relevant differences between AML-MR and MDS-IB2 that may not support their classification as a single disease entity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00277-026-07250-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148824374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farouk Kabbara, Nicole Charbel, Sacha El Khoury, Joseph Klim, Ghida Ismail, Farah Ismail, Hassan Fawaz, Suzanne Koussa, Ali Taher
{"title":"Liver iron concentration and renal dysfunction in β-thalassemia: a case series and exploratory clinical observations","authors":"Farouk Kabbara, Nicole Charbel, Sacha El Khoury, Joseph Klim, Ghida Ismail, Farah Ismail, Hassan Fawaz, Suzanne Koussa, Ali Taher","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07244-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07244-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Renal complications are increasingly recognized among patients with β-thalassemia, particularly as survival improves with modern therapies. In this descriptive case series, we report five adult β-thalassemia patients who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and were assessed for iron overload using MRI-based liver iron concentration (LIC). LIC values ranged from 2.5 to 26.1 mg/g dry weight. Three patients with LIC values above 7 mg/g progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a pattern that may point to a possible relationship between higher LIC and adverse renal outcomes; however, given the very small number of patients, the absence of a comparison cohort, and the lack of direct assessment of renal iron deposition, this observation should be regarded as a preliminary clinical trend rather than a confirmed association or predictive relationship. Ferritin levels varied across patients and did not consistently align with renal function changes. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ranged from 5 to 21 mL/min/1.73 m² at the time of AKI, and all patients required hospitalization; three received dialysis. This series highlights the clinical variability of AKI presentation among thalassemia patients and underscores the need for further investigation into the potential role of iron burden in renal impairment. Larger, controlled studies incorporating direct measures of renal iron deposition and tubular injury biomarkers are needed before LIC monitoring could be considered for renal risk stratification in this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00277-026-07244-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of HematologyPub Date : 2026-08-25Epub Date: 2026-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s00277-026-07257-w
Jan-Niklas Eckardt, Chethan Babu V. Reddy, Holger Hauspurg, Sebastian Riechert, Tim Schmittmann, Ishan Srivastava, Susann Winter, Katja Sockel, Markus Badstübner, Martin Bornhäuser, Markus Tiemann, Jan Moritz Middeke
{"title":"Deep learning differentiates myeloproliferative neoplasms and predicts JAK2 and CALR mutations from bone marrow smears","authors":"Jan-Niklas Eckardt, Chethan Babu V. Reddy, Holger Hauspurg, Sebastian Riechert, Tim Schmittmann, Ishan Srivastava, Susann Winter, Katja Sockel, Markus Badstübner, Martin Bornhäuser, Markus Tiemann, Jan Moritz Middeke","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07257-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07257-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate differentiation of BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) based on bone marrow smear morphology remains challenging. While previous artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have primarily focused on bone marrow core biopsies, the diagnostic potential of routine bone marrow smears has remained largely unexplored. Using 460 digitized bone marrow smear whole-slide images, we developed an attention-based multi-instance learning model using features extracted from a self-supervised vision foundation model to classify polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and to predict <i>JAK2</i> and <i>CALR</i> mutation status. Our model achieved a receiver-operating-characteristic area-under-the-curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.84 for MPN subtype classification and predicted <i>JAK2</i> and <i>CALR</i> mutation status in ET (ROC-AUC 0.73 and 0.75) and PMF (ROC-AUC 0.67 and 0.70) based on bone marrow smear images only. Our results provide a proof of-concept for AI-supported bone marrow cytomorphology as a modality complementary to core biopsies in MPN diagnostics and suggest that driver mutations leave traceable morphological signatures in smears. Multimodal integration of microscopic imaging with laboratory and clinical findings may further boost MPN differentiation performance of diagnostic AI models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00277-026-07257-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148824356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on “Transcriptomic profiling of an in vivo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma model reveals molecular programs underlying CNS dissemination”","authors":"Rofia Ali, Muhammad Faizan Khan","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07255-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07255-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of HematologyPub Date : 2026-08-18Epub Date: 2026-08-19DOI: 10.1007/s00277-026-07231-6
Julian List, Anna Katharina Foerster, Alexandra Kutilina, Justus Duyster, Jesus Duque-Afonso, Reinhard Marks
{"title":"Combination therapy of sutimlimab and rituximab can lead to stable remission in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a case series","authors":"Julian List, Anna Katharina Foerster, Alexandra Kutilina, Justus Duyster, Jesus Duque-Afonso, Reinhard Marks","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07231-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07231-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is associated with a significant impairment of quality of life for affected patients and can lead to life-threating hemolytic crises. Complement-mediated destruction of antibody-opsonized erythrocytes is a central pathomechanism in many cases of AIHA. Complement inhibition is therefore a promising and logical therapeutic strategy. Sutimlimab, a monoclonal antibody that targets complement factor C1s was approved in 2022 and can effectively inhibit hemolysis. However, this therapy must be administered as a permanent treatment and is only approved for the specific subtype cold agglutinin disease. In this case series, we report on a novel combination therapy of sutimlimab and rituximab, which led to rapid and durable remission in three patients suffering from severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (two patients with cold agglutinin syndrome and one patient with primary warm AIHA). In two of these patients, treatment with sutimlimab could be discontinued without any recurrence to date. The other patient is also in remission but with ongoing therapy. This highly informative case series reports on an innovative therapeutic concept and may form the basis for further clinical studies in AIHA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00277-026-07231-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of HematologyPub Date : 2026-08-08Epub Date: 2026-10-13DOI: 10.1007/s00277-026-07224-5
Hongxiao Han, Danqing Zhao, Anan Li, Kaini Shen, Lu Zhang, Jian Li
{"title":"BCMA CAR T-cell therapy in a patient with heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory POEMS Syndrome: a case report","authors":"Hongxiao Han, Danqing Zhao, Anan Li, Kaini Shen, Lu Zhang, Jian Li","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07224-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07224-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy is an established treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. However, its application in POEMS syndrome remains largely unreported, despite overlapping pathogenesis involving plasma cell dyscrasia. Herein, we present a woman in her 30s with heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory POEMS syndrome who received equecabtagene autoleucel, a fully human anti-BCMA CAR T-cell product. The patient achieved a complete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) response by day 14 post-infusion, with sustained remission through 12 months of follow-up. Clinical improvements included resolution of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and renal dysfunction, along with marked neurological recovery, enabling the patient to return to normal daily activities and occupational functioning, a status that persisted through the 16-month follow-up. Treatment-related toxicities comprised Grade 2 cytokine release syndrome and persistent hypogammaglobulinemia, without severe infectious complications. No delayed neurotoxicity or secondary malignancies were observed. This case provides evidence that BCMA CAR T-cell therapy is a safe and efficacious option for patients with relapsed/refractory POEMS syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00277-026-07224-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of HematologyPub Date : 2026-08-07Epub Date: 2026-09-05DOI: 10.1007/s00277-026-07226-3
Sinan Mersin, Ömür Gökmen Sevindik
{"title":"Durable CNS remission with elranatamab and intrathecal therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma","authors":"Sinan Mersin, Ömür Gökmen Sevindik","doi":"10.1007/s00277-026-07226-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00277-026-07226-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare but devastating complication associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We report a 73-year-old woman with high-risk IgG kappa MM harboring TP53 [del(17p)] and 13q deletion who developed extramedullary and CNS disease after six prior lines of therapy, including two autologous stem cell transplants, and was triple-class refractory to proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies. At CNS relapse, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology demonstrated abundant atypical and binucleated plasma cells, and MRI showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement. Elranatamab was initiated using a standard step-up dosing schedule, combined with intrathecal methotrexate and dexamethasone. Within two months, MRI showed complete resolution of leptomeningeal disease and CSF became acellular. Systemic evaluation confirmed a complete response by IMWG criteria, with normalization of serum immunofixation, protein electrophoresis, and free light chains. No cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity was observed. The remission has been sustained and remains ongoing at 18 months. This case suggests that BCMA-targeted bispecific antibodies, combined with CNS-directed therapy, may induce deep and durable CNS remission in heavily pretreated MM, and supports further investigation of bispecific antibodies in CNS-involved myeloma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8068,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Hematology","volume":"105 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}