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Dual HIV infection. 双重HIV感染。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Nicholas Cheonis
{"title":"Dual HIV infection.","authors":"Nicholas Cheonis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of individuals infected with more than one strain of HIV have been identified over the past few years. Should people already diagnosed with HIV be concerned? Given the limited number of cases seen so far, the risk of multiple infections (also called dual infection) appears to be quite low. And there are many more pressing health concerns facing people living with HIV/AIDS. Nevertheless, two trends are worth noting: dual infection seems more likely to happen under certain conditions, and it is associated with faster progression to AIDS-related events. This article describes current evidence and theories behind this emerging phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"18 2","pages":"36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25969509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A guide to clinical trials. Part II: interpreting medical research. 临床试验指南。第二部分:解读医学研究。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Liz Highleyman
{"title":"A guide to clinical trials. Part II: interpreting medical research.","authors":"Liz Highleyman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Part I of this two-part article, which appeared in the Summer 2005 issue of BETA, provided an overview of the clinical trial process. Part II covers features of clinical trials and interpretation of study results. Clinical trials provide the foundation for evidence-based medicine, or medical decision-making guided by data from formal research. Medical professionals keep up with the latest information by reading peer-reviewed medical journals and attending conferences. Likewise, HIV positive people can keep abreast of the state of the art by following the medical literature and community publications like BETA. Trials offer important information about a therapy's benefits and risks in a population, but they cannot predict how well a given treatment will work for a specific person. Healthcare providers, therefore, must still rely heavily on clinical experience, intuition, and a careful evaluation of the various factors unique to each individual case--the practice of medicine remains an art as well as a science.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"18 2","pages":"41-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25968300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutrition and HIV. 营养和艾滋病毒。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Liz Highleyman
{"title":"Nutrition and HIV.","authors":"Liz Highleyman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Good nutrition is key to a healthy lifestyle, regardless of whether one is living with HIV/AIDS. Optimal nutrition can help boost immune function, maximize the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, reduce the risk of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and contribute to a better overall quality of life. In the early years of the AIDS epidemic, many people with HIV were dealing with wasting and opportunistic infections (OIs) linked to unsafe food or water. While these problems are less common today in developed countries with widespread access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), many HIV positive people have traded these concerns for worries about body shape changes, elevated blood lipids, and other metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy. Fortunately, maintaining a healthy diet can help address these problems. As HIV positive people live longer thanks to effective treatment, good nutrition can also help prevent problems (such as bone loss) associated with normal aging. But there is no single, optimal eating regimen appropriate for every person living with HIV/AIDS. Instead, HIV positive people should adopt a sensible balanced diet and consult an experienced nutrition specialist for individualized recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"18 2","pages":"18-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25969507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women and HIV. Microbicides for HIV prevention. 妇女和艾滋病毒。预防艾滋病毒的杀菌剂。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Anna Forbes
{"title":"Women and HIV. Microbicides for HIV prevention.","authors":"Anna Forbes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We all know about the \"feminization\" of AIDS. Approximately 8000 women and girls are infected with HIV daily, the vast majority by their husbands or boyfriends. In Africa, women make up 60% of all people living with HIV/AIDS, and girls make up 6% of HIV positive African youth. While fewer than half of all new HIV infections in the United States occur among women, the transmission pattern is similar. Heterosexual contact is the source of at least 78% of all new infections among U.S. women. Biologically, a woman is at least twice as likely as a man to contract HIV from a single act of unprotected vaginal intercourse. Even with the \"female condom,\" a woman cannot protect herself during heterosexual sex without the cooperation of her partner. The \"ABCs\" (abstain, be faithful, use condoms) fail millions of women who lack the social and economic power to negotiate when and how sex occurs and whether protection is used. Microbicides could change this picture with just a simple cream, foam, or gel that can be inserted vaginally to protect women condom use isn't possible. Five candidate microbicides are now in large-scale efficacy trials and dozens more are in the preclinical and clinical trial pipeline. Research to develop rectal microbicides is also finally underway. We now have the scientific means and the public health motivation to put the first totally new HIV prevention technology into the hands of receptive sex partners--male and female--in the very near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"18 4","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26290902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structured treatment interruptions: after SMART. 结构化治疗中断:在SMART之后。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Michael Sledge
{"title":"Structured treatment interruptions: after SMART.","authors":"Michael Sledge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent termination of several major studies of structured treatment interruption (STI)--the term for taking a planned break from anti-HIV medications--has drawn heightened attention to this treatment strategy. Always a controversial and intriguing approach, STI has been the focus of large-scale trials only in the last several years. Since January, three such studies have been halted early after researchers found that individuals who stop and start highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are at greater risk of HIV disease progression and serious illness than those who take treatment continuously. However, other studies show that many questions remain about the risks involved. There is still considerable interest in both the research and HIV positive communities in better understanding the effects of interrupting anti-HIV therapy. This article provides an overview of STI, including some of the recent research findings, and examines several issues that people contemplating a break from treatment should consider.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"18 4","pages":"30-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26290901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women and HIV. Aging with HIV. 妇女和艾滋病毒。与艾滋病毒一起衰老。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Sharon Lee
{"title":"Women and HIV. Aging with HIV.","authors":"Sharon Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several of the physical symptoms and illnesses related to HIV disease and its treatment--such as fatigue, weight changes, memory loss, depression, and atherosclerosis--mimic typical age-related health problems. It is estimated that at least 10% of HIV positive people in the United States are 50 years of age or older--a number that will certainly increase as people with HIV live longer thanks to effective antiretroviral therapy. For older women, sorting out the interplay between HIV, aging, and the side effects of medications can be very difficult. Many health problems are exacerbated by smoking, obesity, and poor health behaviors that can lead to an increased risk of illness or death. This article addresses two common health risks in aging women with HIV: heart disease and osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"18 2","pages":"33-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25969508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medicare prescription drug coverage: preparing for January 1, 2006. 医疗保险处方药覆盖范围:为2006年1月1日做准备。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Jeffrey S Crowley
{"title":"Medicare prescription drug coverage: preparing for January 1, 2006.","authors":"Jeffrey S Crowley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After many years of effort by health advocates, Congress passed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (called the MMA) in December 2003. The law updates the benefits provided to Medicare beneficiaries by adding coverage for prescription drugs beginning January 1, 2006. Prescription drugs play a central role in modern health care, and extending drug coverage to Medicare beneficiaries is an important goal. The way in which Congress tackled this problem, however, has been highly contentious. This article will describe the law as it was passed, the issues that remain to be resolved, and what ia all means for people with HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"17 4","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25269422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Headache and HIV. 头痛和艾滋病毒。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Gregory Pauxtis
{"title":"Headache and HIV.","authors":"Gregory Pauxtis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"17 2","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25228176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mortality trends: toward a new definition of AIDS? 死亡率趋势:对艾滋病的新定义?
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Liz Highleyman
{"title":"Mortality trends: toward a new definition of AIDS?","authors":"Liz Highleyman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV disease today looks very different than it did two decades ago when the first cases were described--at least in developed countries where highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is widely available. Most HIV positive people receiving treatment no longer succumb to opportunistic illnesses (OIs) that take advantage of their ravaged immune systems. Instead, people with HIV now live longer and die from a wide variety of other causes. In other words, a growing number of positive people will die with HIV, but not of HIV. In the HAART era, HIV positive people and their health-care providers must now think about the cumulative impact of chronic HIV infection and the longterm side effects of treatment. In addition, as effective antiretroviral therapy extends the lives of people with HIV, they become prone to conditions that normally occur with greater frequency as people age (such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis) and progressive conditions that may take decades to cause significant illness or death (such as chronic viral hepatitis). Given the shifts in the types of conditions now seen in people with HIV, it may be time to rethink the definition of AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"17 2","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25055614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drug interactions and anti-HIV therapy. 药物相互作用和抗hiv治疗。
BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Liz Highleyman
{"title":"Drug interactions and anti-HIV therapy.","authors":"Liz Highleyman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80644,"journal":{"name":"BETA : bulletin of experimental treatments for AIDS : a publication of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation","volume":"17 4","pages":"20-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25269420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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