Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine最新文献_第6页

Incidence of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries for restrained occupants in frontal collisions. 前部碰撞中受约束的乘员胸腰椎损伤的发生率。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Darrin Richards, Michael Carhart, Christine Raasch, Janine Pierce, Duane Steffey, Andrew Ostarello

{"title":"Incidence of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries for restrained occupants in frontal collisions.","authors":"Darrin Richards, Michael Carhart, Christine Raasch, Janine Pierce, Duane Steffey, Andrew Ostarello","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The increased utilization of three-point restraint systems has greatly reduced the incidence of spinal injuries in motor vehicle accidents. Nevertheless, several studies which rely upon the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) have documented lower thoracic and upper lumbar fractures in restrained occupants involved in frontal collisions of moderate severities. Although it has been postulated that the injury mechanism may be related to the occupant being out-of-position or sitting in an unusual posture, conclusions with regard to the precise mechanism of injury are difficult due to the lack of information contained in the NASS database. In addition, previous studies have not reported statistical significance of these injuries. In this study, we combined statistical analysis of frontal collisions in the NASS database with the analysis of data acquired from sled and crash tests, which utilized anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), in order to evaluate the incidence and potential injury mechanisms underlying thoracic and lumbar spine fractures in moderate frontal impacts. In the first portion of the study, we performed a statistical analysis of the NASS database to estimate the incidence rate of spinal fracture. This was complemented with measurements and analysis of lumbar spine load data derived from frontal sled and crash tests. Analysis of the NASS database demonstrated that thoracolumbar spinal injuries are rare when an occupant is restrained by a lap and shoulder belt, and are often accompanied by abdominal injury. The spinal loads measured during frontal impacts with restrained and nominally positioned ATDs were found to be well below injury thresholds. Our results also suggest that the potential for isolated fracture is increased when the geometry of occupant-to-restraint interaction is compromised, as occurs when an occupant submarines the lap belt.","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"125-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217481/pdf/aam50_p119.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26250385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kid in the middle: a discussion of effectiveness of center rear-seat restraint systems. 坐在中间的孩子:后排座椅中央约束系统有效性的讨论。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Jeya Padmanaban, Leila Mortazavi

引用次数: 0

Effect of model year and vehicle type on rollover crashes and associated injuries to children. 车型年份和车型对儿童侧翻事故及相关伤害的影响。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Michael J Kallan, Kristy B Arbogast, Dennis R Durbin

引用次数: 0

50th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. October 16-18, 2006. Chicago, Illinois, USA. 第50届汽车医学发展协会年会。2006年10月16日至18日。芝加哥，伊利诺伊州，美国。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

引用次数: 0

The accuracy of WinSmash delta-V estimates: the influence of vehicle type, stiffness, and impact mode. WinSmash delta-V估计的准确性:车型、刚度、冲击方式的影响。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

P Niehoff, H C Gabler

{"title":"The accuracy of WinSmash delta-V estimates: the influence of vehicle type, stiffness, and impact mode.","authors":"P Niehoff, H C Gabler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of WinSmash delta-V estimates as a function of crash mode, vehicle body type, and vehicle stiffness. The accuracy of WinSmash delta-V estimates was evaluated for 121 NASS/CDS 2000-2003 cases for which direct measurements of delta-V had been retrieved from an Event Data Recorder on the case vehicle. WinSmash was found to underestimate delta-V by 23% on average. WinSmash was found to be most accurate in crashes involving full frontal engagement of the vehicle structure. When using categorical stiffness coefficients, the accuracy of delta-V estimates was found to be a strong function of vehicle type. WinSmash underestimated delta-V for pickup trucks by only 3%, but underestimated delta-V for front-wheel drive cars by 31%. The use of vehicle-specific stiffness coefficients improved the accuracy of the longitudinal delta-V estimate. The single most important factor in improving WinSmash accuracy was the inclusion of restitution. After adjusting for restitution, WinSmash underestimated delta-V in frontal crashes by only 1% on average.","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"73-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217484/pdf/aam50_p070.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26250382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain strains in vehicle impact tests. 车辆碰撞试验中的脑损伤。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Jiangyue Zhang, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A Pintar, Thomas A Gennarelli

{"title":"Brain strains in vehicle impact tests.","authors":"Jiangyue Zhang, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A Pintar, Thomas A Gennarelli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to use vehicle impact test data and parametric finite element analysis to study the contribution of translational accelerations (TransAcc) and rotational accelerations (RotAcc) on strain-induced head injuries. Acceleration data were extracted from 33 non-contact vehicle crash tests conducted by the US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A human finite element head model was exercised using head accelerations from the nine accelerometer package placed inside the driver dummy in these tests. Three scenarios were parameterized: both TransAcc and RotAcc, only TransAcc, and only RotAcc to demonstrate the contribution of these accelerations on brain injury. Brain strains at multiple elements, cumulative strain damage, dilatation damage, and relative motion damage data were compared. Rotational accelerations contributed to more than 80% of the brain strain. Other injury metrics also supported this finding. These findings did not depend on the crash mode, peak amplitude of translational acceleration (29 to 120 g), peak amplitude of rotational acceleration (1.3 to 9.4 krad/s ( 2 ) ) or HIC (68-778). Rotational accelerations appeared to be the major cause of strain-induced brain injury.","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217492/pdf/aam50_p001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26307844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Worldsid assessment of far side impact countermeasures. 世界对远地撞击对策的评估。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Frank A Pintar, Narayan Yoganandan, Brian D Stemper, Ola Bostrom, Stephen W Rouhana, Stuart Smith, Laurie Sparke, Brian N Fildes, Kennerly H Digges

{"title":"Worldsid assessment of far side impact countermeasures.","authors":"Frank A Pintar, Narayan Yoganandan, Brian D Stemper, Ola Bostrom, Stephen W Rouhana, Stuart Smith, Laurie Sparke, Brian N Fildes, Kennerly H Digges","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Far side impact trauma has been demonstrated as a significant portion of the total trauma in side impacts. The objective of the study was to assess the potential usefulness of countermeasures and assess the trade-offs associated with generic countermeasure design. Because the WorldSID dummy has demonstrated promise as a potential far side impact dummy, it was chosen to assess countermeasures in this mode. A unique far side impact buck was designed for a sled test system that included, as a standard configuration, a center console and outboard three-point belt system. This configuration assumed a left side driver with a right side impact. The buck allowed for additional options of generic restraints including shoulder or thorax plates or an inboard shoulder belt. The entire buck could be mounted on the sled in either a 90-degree (3-o'clock PDOF) or a 60-degree (2-o'clock PDOF) orientation. A total of 19 WorldSID tests were completed. The inboard shoulder belt configuration produced high shear forces in the lower neck (2430 N) when the belt position was placed over the mid portion of the neck. Shear forces were reduced and of opposite sign when the inboard belt position was horizontal and over the shoulder; forces were similar to the standard outboard belt configuration (830 - 1100 N). A shoulder or thorax restraint was effective in limiting the head excursion, but each caused significant displacement at the corresponding region on the dummy. A shoulder restraint resulted in shoulder displacements of 30 - 43 mm. A thorax restraint caused thorax deflections of 39 - 64 mm. Inboard restraints for far side impacts can be effective in reducing head excursion but the specific design and placement of these restraints determine their overall injury mitigating characteristics.","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"199-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217486/pdf/aam50_p189.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26250330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An approach to the derivation of the cost of UK vehicle crash injuries. 英国车辆碰撞伤害成本的推导方法。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Andrew Morris, Ruth Welsh, Jo Barnes, Dawn Chambers-Smith

引用次数: 0

High risk characteristics for motor vehicle crashes in persons with diabetes by age. 按年龄划分的糖尿病患者机动车碰撞的高危特征。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Thomas J Songer, Rashida R Dorsey

{"title":"High risk characteristics for motor vehicle crashes in persons with diabetes by age.","authors":"Thomas J Songer, Rashida R Dorsey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Studies highlight a higher involvement of drivers with diabetes in motor vehicle accidents. Extensive debate, though, exists over the most appropriate approach to license these drivers. Risk factors for crashes in persons with diabetes are not well defined. In this report, motor vehicle crash involvement was identified in two cohorts of persons with type 1 diabetes to identify if crash patterns and characteristics differ by age. Overall, reported crashes decline with age in persons with and without diabetes, but the crash risk remained higher for persons with diabetes throughout the age span. No relationship was observed between diabetes complications, blood glucose control, and diabetes treatment patterns and motor vehicle crashes. Severe hypoglycemia, though, was consistently and strongly related to crashes at all ages. The findings suggest that the crash risk related to hypoglycemia does not diminish markedly in persons with Type 1 diabetes, despite changes in health and age. Several reports highlight the involvement of drivers with diabetes in motor vehicle crashes [Charlton, 2004]. Extensive debate exists, though, over the role of diabetes in these crashes and licensing policy differs, worldwide, for these drivers. The natural history of type 1 diabetes (worsening health outcomes over time) indicates that factors influencing crashes in persons with diabetes may change over time. Few reports, though, have examined the factors related to crashes in persons with diabetes by age.","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"335-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217477/pdf/aam50_p318.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26250246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of pregnant occupant crash exposure and the potential effectiveness of four-point seatbelts in far side crashes. 孕妇乘员碰撞暴露分析及四点式安全带在远侧碰撞中的潜在有效性。

Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Stefan M Duma, David M Moorcroft, Hampton C Gabler, Sarah M Manoogian, Joel D Stitzel, Greg G Duma

{"title":"Analysis of pregnant occupant crash exposure and the potential effectiveness of four-point seatbelts in far side crashes.","authors":"Stefan M Duma, David M Moorcroft, Hampton C Gabler, Sarah M Manoogian, Joel D Stitzel, Greg G Duma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present the crash exposure patterns of pregnant occupants and to evaluate the effectiveness of restraint systems, including four-point seatbelts, in far side crashes. The NASS CDS database revealed that 53.0 % of pregnant occupants are exposed to frontal crashes while 13.5 % are exposed to far side impacts. Given that far side crashes were the second leading crash mode after frontal impacts, a previously validated MADYMO computer model of a 30 week pregnant occupant was utilized to investigate pregnant occupant biomechanics in far side crashes. Three impact speeds (5, 15, and 25 mph) were simulated with four restraint conditions: unbelted, lap-belt only, three-point belt, and a four-point belt. Direct abdominal contact from the shoulder strap of the three-point or four-point belt caused uterine-placental strain in contrast to the inertial loading induced strain in the lap-belt and unbelted cases. Overall, the three-point and four-point belt systems provide superior restraint effectiveness for the pregnant occupant compared to the lap-belt and no restraint cases. The four-point resulted in slightly better performance than the three-point belt by reducing the fetal injury risk and occupant excursion.","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"187-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217485/pdf/aam50_p177.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26250329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0